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Compound Poisson process

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Random process in probability theory

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Acompound Poisson process is a continuous-timestochastic process with jumps. The jumps arrive randomly according to aPoisson process and the size of the jumps is also random, with a specified probability distribution. To be precise, a compound Poisson process, parameterised by a rate $\lambda >0$ and jump size distributionG, is a process $\{\,Y(t):t\geq 0\,\}$ given by

Y(t)=\sum _{i=1}^{N(t)}D_{i}

where, $\{\,N(t):t\geq 0\,\}$ is the counting variable of aPoisson process with rate $\lambda$ , and $\{\,D_{i}:i\geq 1\,\}$ are independent and identically distributed random variables, with distribution functionG, which are also independent of $\{\,N(t):t\geq 0\,\}.\,$

When $D_{i}$ are non-negative integer-valued random variables, then this compound Poisson process is known as astuttering Poisson process.^{[citation needed]}

Properties of the compound Poisson process

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Theexpected value of a compound Poisson process can be calculated using a result known asWald's equation as:

\operatorname {E} (Y(t))=\operatorname {E} (D_{1}+\cdots +D_{N(t)})=\operatorname {E} (N(t))\operatorname {E} (D_{1})=\operatorname {E} (N(t))\operatorname {E} (D)=\lambda t\operatorname {E} (D).

Making similar use of thelaw of total variance, thevariance can be calculated as:

{\begin{aligned}\operatorname {var} (Y(t))&=\operatorname {E} (\operatorname {var} (Y(t)\mid N(t)))+\operatorname {var} (\operatorname {E} (Y(t)\mid N(t)))\\[5pt]&=\operatorname {E} (N(t)\operatorname {var} (D))+\operatorname {var} (N(t)\operatorname {E} (D))\\[5pt]&=\operatorname {var} (D)\operatorname {E} (N(t))+\operatorname {E} (D)^{2}\operatorname {var} (N(t))\\[5pt]&=\operatorname {var} (D)\lambda t+\operatorname {E} (D)^{2}\lambda t\\[5pt]&=\lambda t(\operatorname {var} (D)+\operatorname {E} (D)^{2})\\[5pt]&=\lambda t\operatorname {E} (D^{2}).\end{aligned}}

Lastly, using thelaw of total probability, themoment generating function can be given as follows:

\Pr(Y(t)=i)=\sum _{n}\Pr(Y(t)=i\mid N(t)=n)\Pr(N(t)=n)

{\begin{aligned}\operatorname {E} (e^{sY})&=\sum _{i}e^{si}\Pr(Y(t)=i)\\[5pt]&=\sum _{i}e^{si}\sum _{n}\Pr(Y(t)=i\mid N(t)=n)\Pr(N(t)=n)\\[5pt]&=\sum _{n}\Pr(N(t)=n)\sum _{i}e^{si}\Pr(Y(t)=i\mid N(t)=n)\\[5pt]&=\sum _{n}\Pr(N(t)=n)\sum _{i}e^{si}\Pr(D_{1}+D_{2}+\cdots +D_{n}=i)\\[5pt]&=\sum _{n}\Pr(N(t)=n)M_{D}(s)^{n}\\[5pt]&=\sum _{n}\Pr(N(t)=n)e^{n\ln(M_{D}(s))}\\[5pt]&=M_{N(t)}(\ln(M_{D}(s)))\\[5pt]&=e^{\lambda t\left(M_{D}(s)-1\right)}.\end{aligned}}

Exponentiation of measures

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LetN,Y, andD be as above. Letμ be the probability measure according to whichD is distributed, i.e.

\mu (A)=\Pr(D\in A).\,

Letδ₀ be the trivial probability distribution putting all of the mass at zero. Then theprobability distribution ofY(t) is the measure

\exp(\lambda t(\mu -\delta _{0}))\,

where the exponential exp(ν) of a finite measureν onBorel subsets of thereal line is defined by

\exp(\nu )=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\nu ^{*n} \over n!}

and

\nu ^{*n}=\underbrace {\nu *\cdots *\nu } _{n{\text{ factors}}}

is aconvolution of measures, and the series convergesweakly.

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Properties of the compound Poisson process

Exponentiation of measures

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