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Comparative officer ranks of World War II

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For more detailed rank information, see relevant national rank pages.

The following table showscomparative officer ranks of World War II, with the ranks ofAllied powers, the majorAxis powers and various other countries and co-belligerents duringWorld War II.

Table

[edit]

The rank insignia ofcommissioned officers.

Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
British Army^[a]^[1]
British Army^[a]^[1]	Field marshal		General		Lieutenant-general	Major-general	Brigadier^[b]	Colonel		Lieutenant-colonel	Major		Captain		Lieutenant		Second lieutenant
Royal Air Force^[a]^[2]
Royal Air Force^[a]^[2]	Marshal of the RAF		Air chief marshal		Air marshal	Air vice-marshal	Air commodore	Group captain		Wing commander	Squadron leader		Flight lieutenant		Flying officer		Pilot officer/ Acting pilot officer
Royal Navy^[a]^[3]
Royal Navy^[a]^[3]	Admiral of the Fleet		Admiral		Vice admiral	Rear admiral	Commodore^[b]	Captain		Commander	Lieutenant commander		Lieutenant		Sub lieutenant		Midshipman
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Belgian Army &Military Aviation^[4]
Belgian Army &Military Aviation^[4]					Luitenant-generaal	Generaal-majoor		Kolonel		Luitenant-kolonel	Majoor		Kapitein-commandant	Kapitein	Luitenant		Onderluitenant
Belgian Naval Corps^[5]
Belgian Naval Corps^[5]								Kolonel		Luitenant-kolonel	Majoor		Kapitein-commandant	Kapitein	Luitenant		Onderluitenant
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Royal Bulgarian Army &Air Force^[6]^[7]
Royal Bulgarian Army &Air Force^[6]^[7]			Генерал-полковник General-pukovnik		Генерал-лейтенант General-leytenant	Генерал-майор General-mayor		Полковник Polkovnik		Подполковник Podpolkovnik	Майор Mayor		Капитан Kapitan		Старши лейтенант Starshi leytenant	Лейтенант Leytenant		Офицерски кандидатъ Ofitserski kandidat
Royal Bulgarian Navy^[8]
Royal Bulgarian Navy^[8]			Адмирал Admiral		Вицеадмирал Vitseadmiral	Контраадмирал Kontraadmiral		Капитан I ранг Kapitan I rang		Капитан II ранг Kapitan II rang	Капитан III ранг Kapitan III rang		Лейтенант Leytenant		Мичман I ранг Michman I rang	Мичман II ранг Michman II rang		Офицерски кандидатъ Ofitserski kandidat
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Republic of China National Army^[9]^[10]
Republic of China National Army^[9]^[10]	特級上將 Teji shangjiang		一級上將 Yījí shàngjiàng	二級上將 Èrjí shàngjiàng	中將 Zhōngjiàng	少將 Shàojiàng		上校 Shàngxiào		中校 Zhōngxiào	少校 Shàoxiào		上尉 Shàngwèi		中尉 Zhōngwèi	少尉 Shàowèi		准尉 Zhunwei
Republic of China Air Force^[9]^[11]
Republic of China Air Force^[9]^[11]					中將 Zhōngjiàng	少將 Shàojiàng		上校 Shàngxiào		中校 Zhōngxiào	少校 Shàoxiào		上尉 Shàngwèi		中尉 Zhōngwèi	少尉 Shàowèi
Republic of China Navy^[12]^[13]
Republic of China Navy^[12]^[13]			一級上將 Yījí shàngjiàng	二級上將 Èrjí shàngjiàng	中將 Zhōngjiàng	少將 Shàojiàng	代將 Dàijiàng	上校 Shàngxiào		中校 Zhōngxiào	少校 Shàoxiào		上尉 Shàngwèi		中尉 Zhōngwèi	少尉 Shàowèi
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Czechoslovak Army^[14]
Czechoslovak Army^[14]					Armádní generál	Divisní generál	Brigádní generál	Plukovník		Podplukovník	Major	Štábní kapitán	Kapitán		Nadporučík	Poručík		Podporučík
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Royal Danish Army^[15]
Royal Danish Army^[15]			General		Generalløjtnant	Generalmajor		Oberst		Oberstløjtnant			Kaptajn	Kaptajnløjtnant	Premierløjtnant	Løjtnant		Sekondløjtnant
Royal Danish Navy^[15]
Royal Danish Navy^[15]			Admiral		Viceadmiral	Kontreadmiral		Kommandør		Kommandørkaptajn			Orlogskaptajn	Kaptajnløjtnant	Søløjtnant I	Løjtnant		Søløjtnant II
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Finnish Army &Air Force^[16]
Finnish Army &Air Force^[16]	Sotamarsalkka Fältmarskalk		Kenraali General		Kenraaliluutnantti Generallöjtnant	Kenraalimajuri Generalmajor		Eversti Överste		Everstiluutnantti Överstelöjtnant	Majuri Major		Kapteeni Kapten		Luutnantti Löjtnant		Vänrikki Fänrik
Finnish Navy^[16]
Finnish Navy^[16]			Amiraali Amiral		Vara-amiraali Viceamiral	Kontra-amiraali Konteramiral		Kommodori Kommodor		Komentaja Kommendör	Komentajakapteeni Kommendörkapten		Kapteeniluutnantti Kaptenlöjtnant		Luutnantti Löjtnant		Aliluutnantti Underlöjtnant
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
French Army^[17]
French Army^[17]	Maréchal de France		Général d'armée		Général de corps d'armée	Général de division	Général de brigade	Colonel		Lieutenant-colonel	Commandant		Capitaine		Lieutenant		Sous-lieutenant
French Air Force^[17]
French Air Force^[17]			Général d'armée aérienne		Général de corps aérien	Général de division aérienne	Général de brigade aérienne	Colonel		Lieutenant-colonel	Commandant		Capitaine		Lieutenant		Sous-lieutenant
French Navy^[18]
French Navy^[18]	Amiral de France	Amiral de la Flotte^[19]	Amiral		Vice-amiral d'escadre	Vice-amiral	Contre-amiral	Capitaine de vaisseau		Capitaine de frégate	Capitaine de corvette		Lieutenant de vaisseau		Enseigne de vaisseau de 1^re classe		Enseigne de vaisseau de 2^e classe
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
German Army &Luftwaffe^[20]	Reichsmarschall
German Army &Luftwaffe^[20]		Generalfeldmarschall	Generaloberst		General der Waffengattung	Generalleutnant	Generalmajor	Oberst		Oberstleutnant	Major		Hauptmann		Oberleutnant		Leutnant
Kriegsmarine^[21]
Kriegsmarine^[21]		Großadmiral	Generaladmiral		Admiral	Vizeadmiral	Konteradmiral	Kommodore	Kapitän zur See	Fregattenkapitän	Korvettenkapitän		Kapitänleutnant		Oberleutnant zur See		Leutnant zur See
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Hellenic Army^[22]
Hellenic Army^[22]	Στρατάρχης Stratarches		Στρατηγός Stratigos		Ἀντιστράτηγος Antistratigos	Ὑποστράτηγος Ypostratigos		Συνταγματάρχης Syntagmatarchis		Ἀντισυνταγματάρχης Antisyntagmatarchis	Ταγματάρχης Tagmatarchis		Λοχαγός Lochagos		Ὑπολοχαγός Ypolochagos		Ἀνθυπολοχαγός Anthypolochagos
Royal Hellenic Air Force^[23]
Royal Hellenic Air Force^[23]	Ἀρχιπτέραρχος Archiptérarchos		Πτέραρχος Ptérarchos		Ἀντιπτέραρχος Antiptérarchos	Ὑποπτέραρχος Ypoptérarchos		Σμήναρχος Smínarchos		Ἀντισμήναρχος Antismínarchos	Ἐπισμηναγός Episminagós		Σμηναγός Sminagós		Ὑποσμηναγός Yposminagós		Ἀνθυποσμηναγός Anthyposminagós
Royal Hellenic Navy^[23]
Royal Hellenic Navy^[23]	Ἀρχιναύαρχος Archinavarchos		Ναύαρχος Navarchos		Ἀντιναύαρχος Antinavarchos	Ὑποναύαρχος Yponavarchos		Πλοίαρχος Ploiarchos		Ἀντιπλοίαρχος Antiploiarchos	Πλωτάρχης Plotarchis		Ὑποπλοίαρχος Ypoploiarchos		Ἀνθυποπλοίαρχος Anthypoploiarchos		Σημαιοφόρος Simaioforos
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Royal Hungarian Army^[24]^[25]
Royal Hungarian Army^[24]^[25]	Tábornagy		Vezérezredes		Altábornagy	Vezérőrnagy		Ezredes		Alezredes	Őrnagy		Százados		Főhadnagy		Hadnagy
Royal Hungarian Air Force^[26]
Royal Hungarian Air Force^[26]					Altábornagy	Vezérőrnagy		Ezredes		Alezredes	Őrnagy		Százados		Főhadnagy		Hadnagy
Royal Hungarian River Guard^[25]
Royal Hungarian River Guard^[25]					Vezérfökapitány	Vezérkapitány		Fötörzskapitány		Törzskapitány	Törzsalkapitány		Kapitány		Föhajónagy		Hajónagy
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Royal Italian Army^[27]	Primo maresciallo dell'Impero
Royal Italian Army^[27]		Maresciallo d'Italia	Generale d'armata^[28]	Generale designato d'armata	Generale di corpo d'armata	Generale di divisione	Generale di brigata	Colonnello comandante	Colonnello	Tenente colonnello	Maggiore		Primo capitano	Capitano	Primo tenente	Tenente		Sottotenente
Royal Italian Air Force^[29]
Royal Italian Air Force^[29]		Maresciallo dell'Aria	Generale d'Armata Aerea^[28]	Generale designato d'Armata Aerea	Generale di Corpo d'Armata Aerea	Generale di Divisione Aerea	Generale di Brigata Aerea	Colonnello		Tenente colonnello	Maggiore		Primo capitano	Capitano		Tenente		Sottotenente
Royal Italian Navy^[30]
Royal Italian Navy^[30]		Grande ammiraglio	Ammiraglio d'armata^[31]	Ammiraglio designato d'armata	Ammiraglio di squadra	Ammiraglio di divisione	Contrammiraglio	Capitano di vascello		Capitano di fregata	Capitano di corvetta		Primo tenente di vascello	Tenente di vascello		Sottotenente di vascello		Guardiamarina
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Imperial Japanese Army &Army Air Service^[32]
Imperial Japanese Army &Army Air Service^[32]	大元帥陸軍大将 Daigensui-rikugun-taishō		陸軍大将 Rikugun-taishō^[c]		陸軍中将 Rikugun-chūjō	陸軍少将 Rikugun-shōshō		陸軍大佐 Rikugun-taisa		陸軍中佐 Rikugun-chūsa	陸軍少佐 Rikugun-shōsa		陸軍大尉 Rikugun-tai-i		陸軍中尉 Rikugun-chūi	陸軍少尉 Rikugun-shōi		准尉 Jun-i
Imperial Japanese Navy^[33]^[34]
Imperial Japanese Navy^[33]^[34]	大元帥海軍大将 Daigensui-kaigun-taishō		海軍大将 Kaigun-taishō^[d]		海軍中将 Kaigun-chūjō	海軍少将 Kaigun-shōshō		海軍大佐 Kaigun-daisa		海軍中佐 Kaigun-chūsa	海軍少佐 Kaigun-shōsa		海軍大尉 Kaigun-dai-i		海軍中尉 Kaigun-chūi	海軍少尉 Kaigun-shōi		兵曹長 Heisōchō
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Manchukuo Imperial Army &Air Force^[35]^[36]
Manchukuo Imperial Army &Air Force^[35]^[36]	總司令 Zǒng sīlìng		上将 Shàng jiàng		中将 Zhōng jiàng	少将 Shào jiàng		上校 Shàng xiào		中校 Zhōng xiào	少校 Shào xiào		上尉 Shàng wèi		中尉 Zhōng wèi	少尉 Shào wèi		准尉 Zhǔn wèi
Manchukuo Imperial Navy^[37]^[38]
Manchukuo Imperial Navy^[37]^[38]	總司令 Zǒng sīlìng		上将 Shàng jiàng		中将 Zhōng jiàng	少将 Shào jiàng		上校 Shàng xiào		中校 Zhōng xiào	少校 Shào xiào		上尉 Shàng wèi		中尉 Zhōng wèi	少尉 Shào wèi
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Royal Netherlands Army^[39]
Royal Netherlands Army^[39]			Generaal		Luitenant-generaal	Generaal-majoor		Kolonel		Luitenant-kolonel	Majoor		Kapitein/ Ritmeester		Eerste luitenant		Tweede luitenant
Royal Netherlands Navy^[39]
Royal Netherlands Navy^[39]	Admiraal		Luitenant-admiraal		Vice-admiraal	Schout-bij-nacht		Kapitein ter zee		Kapitein-luitenant ter zee	Luitenant ter zee der 1^ste klasse		Luitenant ter zee der 2^de klasse oudste categorie		Luitenant ter zee der 2^de klasse		Luitenant ter zee der 3^de klasse
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Norwegian Army &Army Air Service^[40]
Norwegian Army &Army Air Service^[40]			General		Generalløjtnant	Generalmajor		Oberst		Oberstløitnant	Major		Kaptein/ Rittmester		Premierløitnant		Sekondløitnant
Royal Norwegian Navy^[41]^[42]
Royal Norwegian Navy^[41]^[42]			Admiral		Viceadmiral	Kontreadmiral		Kommandør		Kommandørkaptein	Kapteinløytnant		Kaptein		Løitnant		Sekundløitnant
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Polish Army &Air Force^[43]	Marszałek Polski
Polish Army &Air Force^[43]			Generał broni			Generał dywizji	Generał brygady	Pułkownik		Podpułkownik	Major		Kapitan/ Rotmistrz		Porucznik	Podporucznik		Chorąży
Polish Navy^[44]
Polish Navy^[44]			Admirał			Wiceadmirał	Kontradmirał	Komandor		Komandor porucznik	Komandor podporucznik		Kapitan marynarki		Porucznik marynarki	Podporucznik marynarki
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Royal Romanian Army^[45]^[46]
Royal Romanian Army^[45]^[46]	Mareșal		General de armată		General de corp de armată	General de divizie	General de brigadă	Colonel		Locotenent-colonel	Maior		Căpitan		Locotenent		Sublocotenent
Royal Romanian Air Force^[47]^[48]
Royal Romanian Air Force^[47]^[48]	Mareșal				General inspector	General comandant	General de escadră aeriană	Comandor		Căpitan-comandor	Locotenent-comandor		Căpitan		Locotenent		Sublocotenent
Royal Romanian Navy^[49]
Royal Romanian Navy^[49]	Mareșal		Amiral		Viceamiral	Contraamiral	Contraamiral de flotilă	Comandor		Căpitan-comandor	Locotenent-comandor		Căpitan		Locotenent		Aspirant
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
United States Army &Army Air Force^[50]
United States Army &Army Air Force^[50]	General of the Army		General		Lieutenant general	Major general	Brigadier general	Colonel		Lieutenant colonel	Major		Captain		First lieutenant		Second lieutenant
United States Navy^[50]

	Fleet admiral		Admiral		Vice admiral	Rear admiral	Commodore^[e]	Captain		Commander	Lieutenant commander		Lieutenant		Lieutenant (junior grade)		Ensign
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Red Army (Since Oct. 1943)^[f]^[51]^[52]	Генерали́ссимус Сове́тского Сою́за Generalíssimus Sovétskogo Soyúza	Ма́ршал Сове́тского Сою́за Márshal Sovétskogo Soyúza
Red Army (Since Oct. 1943)^[f]^[51]^[52]			Генера́л а́рмии Generál ármi'i		Генера́л-полко́вник Generál-polkóvnik	Генера́л-лейтена́нт Generál-leytenánt	Генера́л-майо́р Generál-mayór	Полко́вник Polkóvnik		Подполко́вник Podpolkóvnik	Майо́р Majór		Kапита́н Kapitán		Старший лейтена́нт Stárshiy leytenánt	Лейтенант Leytenant		Mла́дший лейтена́нт Mládshiy leytenánt
Red Army Air Force^[53]
Red Army Air Force^[53]			Главный маршал авиации Glávnyi márshal aviátzi'i^[g]	Маршал авиации Márshal aviátzi'i^[h]	Генера́л-полко́вник Generál-polkóvnik	Генера́л-лейтена́нт Generál-leytenánt	Генера́л-майо́р Generál-mayór	Полко́вник Polkóvnik		Подполко́вник Podpolkóvnik	Майо́р Majór		Kапита́н Kapitán		Старший лейтена́нт Stárshiy leytenánt	Лейтенант Leytenant		Mла́дший лейтена́нт Mládshiy leytenánt
Soviet Navy^[54]
Soviet Navy^[54]			Адмирал флота Admirál flota^[i]		Адмирал Admirál	Вице-адмирал Vitse-admirál	Контр-адмирал Contre-admirál	Капитан 1-го ранга Kapitan 1-go ránga		Капитан 2-го ранга Kapitan 2-go ránga	Капитан 3-го ранга Kapitan 3-go ránga		Капитан-лейтенант Kapitan-leytenánt		Старший лейтенант Starshey leytenánt	Лейтенант Leytenánt		Младший лейтенант Mladshiy leytenánt
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Royal Yugoslav Army^[56]
Royal Yugoslav Army^[56]	Бојни војвода Bojni vojvoda		Армијски генерал Armijski general		Дивизијски генерал Divizijski general	Бригадни генерал Brigadni general^[j]		Пуковник Pukovnik		Потпуковник Potpukovnik	Мајор Major		Капетан прве класе Kapetan prve klase		Капетан друге класе Kapetan druge klase	Поручник Poručnik		Потпоручник Potporučnik
Royal Yugoslav Air Force^[57]
Royal Yugoslav Air Force^[57]			Армијски генерал Armijski general		Дивизијски генерал Divizijski general	Бригадни генерал Brigadni general		Пуковник Pukovnik		Потпуковник Potpukovnik	Мајор Major		Капетан прве класе Kapetan prve klase		Капетан друге класе Kapetan druge klase	Поручник Poručnik		Потпоручник Potporučnik
Royal Yugoslav Navy^[57]
Royal Yugoslav Navy^[57]			Адмирал Admiral		Вицеадмирал Viceadmiral	Контраадмирал Kontraadmiral		Капетан бојног брода Kapetan bojnog broda		Капетан фрегате Kapetan fregate	Капетан корвете Kapetan korvete		Поручник бојног брода прве класе Poručnik bojnog broda prve klase		Поручник бојног брода друге класе Poručnik bojnog broda druge klase	Поручник фрегате Poručnik fregate		Поручник корвете Poručnik korvete
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers
Yugoslav Partisans (after 1943)^[58]
Yugoslav Partisans (after 1943)^[58]	Maršal Jugoslavije				General-pukovnik	General-lajtant	General-major	Pukovnik		Potpukovnik	Major		Kapetan		Poručnik	Potporučnik		Zastavnik
Rank group	General / flag officers							Senior officers					Junior officers

Notes

[edit]

^^a ^b ^cSame insignia used by all militaries of theBritish Empire
^^a ^bAn appointment rather than asubstantive rank
^Same rank insignia used for theGensui-rikugun-taishō (元帥陸軍大将), worn with anadditional badge.
^Same rank insignia used for theGensui-kaigun-taishō (元帥海軍大将), worn with anadditional badge.
^Reintroduced in 1943
^For ranks used before 1943, see1935–1940 ranks and1940–1943 ranks
^Chief marshal of the branch awarded to artillery, armored troops, signal troops and engineer officers
^Marshal of the branch awarded to artillery, armored troops, signal troops and engineer officers
^Rank became naval equivalent to Marshal of the Soviet Union and shoulder insignia was changed to amarshal star on 25 May 1945^[55]
^Color on the epaulettes and on the sleeve where different depend on branch (see moreCorps colors of Royal Yugoslav Armed Forces)

References

[edit]

Citations

^Mollo 2001, p. 121.
^Mollo 2001, p. 123.
^Mollo 2001, p. 126.
^Mollo 2001, pp. 49, 51.
^Mollo 2001, p. 51.
^Littlejohn 1994b, pp. 62–63.
^Mollo 1981, p. 214.
^Mollo 1981, p. 215.
^^a ^bMollo 2001, p. 192.
^Ping 2009, p. 65.
^Ping 2009, p. 93.
^Mollo 2001, p. 194.
^Ping 2009, pp. 81–83.
^Rosignoli 1983, Plate 60.
^^a ^bMollo 2001, p. 39.
^^a ^bMollo 2001, p. 29.
^^a ^bMollo 2001, p. 58.
^Mollo 2001, p. 61.
^Le Hunsec 2012, pp. 91–107.
^Mollo 2001, pp. 11, 16.
^Mollo 2001, p. 19.
^Mollo 2001, p. 99.
^^a ^bMollo 2001, p. 101.
^Littlejohn 1994a, pp. 129–131.
^^a ^bMollo 1981, p. 209.
^Mollo 1981, p. 211.
^Mollo 2001, p. 86.
^^a ^bHonorary ranks that can be reached achievements in battle.
^Mollo 2001, p. 89.
^Mollo 2001, p. 93.
^Ranks that can be reached only during the wartime or mobilization.
^Mollo 2001, p. 180.
^Rosignoli 1983, Plate 53–54.
^Mollo 2001, p. 187.
^Government 1932, p. 117.
^Government 1934, p. 145.
^Government 1934, p. 152.
^Government 1935, pp. 43–44.
^^a ^bMollo 2001, p. 47.
^Mollo 2001, p. 41.
^Mollo 2001, p. 42.
^Rosignoli 1980, pp. 152–153.
^Mollo 2001, p. 23.
^Mollo 2001, p. 25.
^Littlejohn 1994b, pp. 95–96.
^Mollo 1981, p. 203.
^Littlejohn 1994b, pp. 98–99.
^Rosignoli 1983, Plate 76.
^Mollo 1981, p. 206.
^^a ^bMollo 2001, p. 161.
^Shalito, Savchenkov & Mollo 1993, p. 5.
^Rosignoli 1972, Plates 58–62.
^Mollo 1981, p. 169.
^Mollo 1981, p. 177.
^Vedomosti 1945.
^Mollo 2001, p. 104.
^^a ^bMollo 2001, p. 105.
^Thomas & Abbott 1983, p. 26.

Bibliography

Mollo, Andrew (1981).The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, insignia, and organization. New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers.ISBN 0-517-54478-4. Retrieved31 March 2022.
Mollo, Andrew (2001).The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, Insignia & Organisation. Leicester: Silverdale books.ISBN 1-85605-603-1.
Le Hunsec, Mathieu (2012-03-15)."L'amiral, cet inconnu".Revue historique des armées (in French) (266):91–107.ISSN 0035-3299.
Littlejohn, David (1994a).Foreign Legions of the Third Reich. Volume 3 (2nd ed.). United States of America: R. James Publishing.ISBN 0-912138-29-7.
Littlejohn, David (1994b).Foreign Legions of the Third Reich. Volume 4 (2nd ed.). United States of America: R. James Publishing.ISBN 0-912138-36-X.
Ping, Xu, ed. (2009).Zhōngguó bǎinián jūnfú (zēngbǔ bǎn)中国百年军服 (增补版) [China Regimental 100 Years] (2nd ed.). Gold Wall Press.ISBN 978-7-80084-679-3. Retrieved13 September 2023.
Shalito, Anton; Savchenkov, Ilya;Mollo, Andrew (1993).Red Army Uniforms of World War II in Colour Photographs. London: Windrow & Greene.ISBN 978-1872004594.
Rosignoli, Guido (1972).Army badges and insignia of World War 2: Book 1. MacMillan Colour Series. New York: Blandford Press Ltd.ISBN 9780026050807.LCCN 72-85765.
Rosignoli, Guido (1980).Naval and Marine Badges and Insignia of World War 2. Blandford Colour Series. Link House, Dorset: Blandford Press Ltd.ISBN 9780713709193.
Rosignoli, Guido (1983).Badges and insignia of World War II: Air Force, Naval, Marine. Blandford Colour Series. New York: Blandford Press Ltd.ISBN 0-671-06008-2.
Thomas, Nigel; Abbott, Peter (1983). Windrow, Martin (ed.).Partisan Warfare 1941-45. Men-at-Arms. Hong Kong: Osprey Publishing.ISBN 0-85045-513-8.
"Указ Президиума ВС СССР от 25.05.1945 об изменении знаков различия – погонов для адмиралов флота" [Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of 25 May 1945 on changing the insignia – epaulettes for fleet admirals].wikisource (in Russian). Vedomosti of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. 1945. Retrieved2 April 2022.
Manshū-koku seifu kōhō-bi-yaku満州国政府公報日訳 [Manchurian Government Daily Gazette Translation (No. 71-No. 82)] (in Japanese). December 1932. Retrieved21 August 2022.
Manshū-koku seifu kōhō-bi-yaku満州国政府公報日訳 [Manchurian Government Daily Gazette Translation (No. 227-No. 250)] (in Japanese). December 1934. Retrieved21 August 2022.
Manshū-koku seifu kōhō-bi-yaku満州国政府公報日訳 [Manchurian Government Daily Gazette Translation (No. 292-No. 313)] (in Japanese). March 1935. Retrieved15 July 2022.

World War II

General

Topics	Air warfare of World War II In Europe Blitzkrieg Comparative military ranks Cryptography Declarations of war Diplomacy Governments in exile Home front Australian United Kingdom United States Lend-Lease Manhattan Project British contribution Military awards Military equipment Military production Naval history Nazi plunder Opposition Technology Allied cooperation Mulberry harbour Total war Strategic bombing Puppet states Women Art and World War II Music in World War II Weather events during World War II
Theaters	Asia and Pacific China South-East Asia Pacific North and Central Pacific South-West Pacific Indian Ocean Europe Western Front Eastern Front Mediterranean and Middle East North Africa East Africa Italy West Africa Atlantic timeline Americas
Aftermath	Chinese Civil War Cold War Decolonization Division of Korea First Indochina War Expulsion of Germans Greek Civil War Indonesian National Revolution Keelhaul Marshall Plan Occupation of Germany Occupation of Japan Osoaviakhim Paperclip Soviet occupations Baltic Hungary Poland Romania Territorial changes of Germany Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany United Nations
War crimes	Allied war crimes Soviet war crimes Atrocities against prisoners of war British war crimes United States war crimes German war crimes forced labour Wehrmacht war crimes The Holocaust Aftermath Response Nuremberg trials Italian war crimes Japanese war crimes Nanjing Massacre Unit 731 Prosecution Croatian war crimes Genocide of Serbs Persecution of Jews Romanian war crimes Sexual violence German military brothels Camp brothels Rape during the occupation of Germany / Japan / Poland / Manchuria Rape during the liberation of France / Serbia Sook Ching Comfort women Rape of Manila Marocchinate

Participants

Allies	Algeria Australia Belgium Brazil Bulgaria (from September 1944) Canada China Cuba Czechoslovakia Denmark Ethiopia Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) Finland (from September 1944) France Free France Greece India (Indian Army) Italy (from September 1943) Liberia Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands Newfoundland New Zealand Norway Philippines Poland Romania (from August 1944) Sierra Leone South Africa Southern Rhodesia Soviet Union Tuva United Kingdom British Empire United States Puerto Rico Yugoslavia
Axis	Albania protectorate Bulgaria (until September 1944) State of Burma Republic of China (Wang Jingwei) Independent State of Croatia Finland (until September 1944) German Reich Hungary Azad Hind Iraq Italy (until September 1943) Italian Social Republic Empire of Japan Manchukuo Mengjiang Philippines Romania (until August 1944) Slovak Republic Thailand Vichy France Guangzhouwan French Indochina French Madagascar Syria–Lebanon French North Africa French West Africa Collaboration
Neutral	Afghanistan Andorra Bhutan Ireland Liechtenstein Monaco Portugal San Marino Saudi Arabia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tibet Turkey Vatican City Yemen
Resistance	Albania Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech lands Denmark Dutch East Indies Estonia Ethiopia France Germany Greece Hong Kong Italy Japan Jews Korea Korean Liberation Army Korean Volunteer Army Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaya Netherlands Northeast China Norway Philippines Poland Romania Thailand Soviet Union Slovakia Western Ukraine Vietnam Quốc dân Đảng Viet Minh Yugoslavia
POWs	Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union German prisoners Soviet Union Azerbaijan United States United Kingdom Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union Japanese prisoners Soviet Union German atrocities against Polish POWs Soviet prisoners Finland atrocities by Germans Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union

Timeline

Prelude	Africa Second Italo-Ethiopian War Asia Second Sino-Japanese War Battles of Khalkhin Gol Europe Remilitarisation of the Rhineland Anschluss Munich Agreement Occupation of Czechoslovakia Operation Himmler Italian invasion of Albania
1939	Invasion of Poland Battle of the Atlantic Phoney War First Battle of Changsha Battle of South Guangxi Winter War 1939–1940 Winter Offensive
1940	Norwegian campaign German invasion of Denmark Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang German invasion of Luxembourg German invasion of the Netherlands German invasion of Belgium Battle of France Dunkirk evacuation Battle of Britain Battle of the Mediterranean North Africa West Africa British Somaliland Hundred Regiments Offensive Baltic states Eastern Romania Japanese invasion of French Indochina Italian invasion of Greece Compass
1941	Battle of South Henan Battle of Shanggao Invasion of Yugoslavia German invasion of Greece Battle of Crete Anglo-Iraqi War Battle of South Shanxi Syria–Lebanon campaign East African campaign Invasion of the Soviet Union Summer War Finland (Silver Fox) Lithuania Battle of Kiev Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran Second Battle of Changsha Siege of Leningrad Battle of Moscow Bombing of Gorky Siege of Sevastopol Attack on Pearl Harbor Niʻihau incident Japanese invasion of Thailand Fall of Hong Kong Fall of the Philippines Battle of Guam Battle of Wake Island Malayan campaign Battle of Borneo Japanese invasion of Burma Third Battle of Changsha Greek famine of 1941–1944
1942	Fall of Singapore Battle of the Java Sea St Nazaire Raid Battle of Christmas Island Battle of the Coral Sea Battle of Madagascar Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign Battle of Gazala Battle of Dutch Harbor Battle of Midway Aleutian Islands campaign Kiska Attu Blue First Battle of El Alamein Battle of Stalingrad Kokoda Track campaign Rzhev Jubilee Second Battle of El Alamein Guadalcanal campaign Torch Chinese famine of 1942–1943
1943	Black May Tunisian campaign Battle of West Hubei Battle of Attu Bombing of Gorky Battle of Kursk Allied invasion of Sicily Smolensk Solomon Islands campaign Cottage Battle of the Dnieper Allied invasion of Italy Armistice of Cassibile Burma Northern Burma and Western Yunnan Changde Second Battle of Kiev Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign Tarawa Makin Bengal famine of 1943
1944	Tempest Monte Cassino /Anzio Korsun–Cherkassy Narva U-Go Imphal Ichi-Go Kohima Overlord Neptune Mariana and Palau Bagration Western Ukraine Second Battle of Guam Tannenberg Line Warsaw Uprising Eastern Romania Liberation of Paris Dragoon Gothic Line Belgrade offensive Battle of San Marino Lapland Market Garden Estonia Crossbow Pointblank Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 Philippines (1944–1945) Leyte Syrmian Front Hungary Budapest Burma (1944–1945) Ardennes Bodenplatte Dutch famine of 1944–1945
1945	Vistula–Oder Battle of Manila Battle of Iwo Jima Indochina Vienna offensive Project Hula Western invasion of Germany Bratislava–Brno offensive Battle of Okinawa Second Guangxi campaign West Hunan Italy (Spring 1945) Battle of Berlin Prague offensive Surrender of Germany document Borneo Taipei Naval bombardment of Japan Manchuria Atomic bombings Debate South Sakhalin Kuril Islands Shumshu Surrender of Japan Potsdam Declaration document End of World War II in Asia

Military ranks and insignia by country

List of comparative military ranks

Africa

Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros DR Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
States with limited recognition	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland
Former	People's Republic of Angola Biafra Bophuthatswana Ciskei Kingdom of Egypt Ethiopian Empire Katanga People's Republic of Mozambique Rhodesia South West Africa Transkei Venda Zaire
Comparative	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted Apartheid States in Southern Africa

Americas

Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States Officers: Army Navy Air Force Coast Guard Enlisted: Army Navy Air Force Coast Guard Other: Marine Corps Space Force Warrant officer Opposing forces Uruguay Venezuela
Former	Canada (pre-Unification) Confederate States of America Union Army Navy Costa Rica Republic of Cuba Empire of Brazil Panama Republic of Texas Army Navy United States Army enlisted World War I World War II
Comparative	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted

Asia

Afghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia PR of China Army Navy Air Force Rocket Force Aerospace Force Cyberspace Force Information Support Force Joint Logistics Support Force Armed Police China Coast Guard India Army Air Force Navy Coast Guard Border Roads Organisation Paramilitary forces Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea North South Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Army Navy Air Force Marines Civil Armed Forces Maritime Security Agency Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Army Navy Air Force Coast Guard Syria Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan (Republic of China)
Former	Artsakh China Empire Republic (1912–1949) Dutch East Indies East Turkestan (Second Republic) People's Republic of Kampuchea Imperial Iran Imperial Japan Army Navy Korea Empire Liberation Army Kingdom of Laos Manchukuo Mengjiang Mongolian People's Republic Tibet Tuva Vietnam State South South Yemen
Comparative	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted

Europe

Albania Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Army Navy Air Force Home Guard Estonia Finland France Army Navy Gendarmerie Air and Space Force Foresters Germany Georgia Greece Hungary Iceland Land Forces Coast Guard Ireland Italy Army Navy Air Force Carabinieri Finance Guard Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg North Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Army Navy Air Force Cossacks Between 1994 and 2010 San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Officers: Army Navy Air Force Other: Army Navy Air Force Vatican
States with limited recognition	Kosovo Northern Cyprus Transnistria
Former	Albania Kingdom People's Socialist Republic Austria–Hungary Army Navy Bulgaria Kingdom People's Republic Independent State of Croatia Czechoslovakia German Empire Weimar Republic Nazi Germany Army Navy Air Force East Germany Kingdom of Greece Army Navy Air Force France Napoleonic Grand Army Hungary Kingdom People's Republic Italy Kingdom Social Republic Ottoman Empire Polish People's Republic Republika Srpska Romania Kingdom Socialist Republic Russian Empire White Movement Slovakia (First Republic) Soviet Union 1918–35 1935–40 1940–43 1943–55 1955–91 Spain 2nd Republic State Yugoslavia Kingdom Socialist Federal Republic Federal Republic
Comparative	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted

Oceania

Australia Fiji New Zealand Papua New Guinea Tonga Vanuatu
Comparative	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted

Language

Anglophone	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted
Arabophone	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted
Francophone	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted Gendarmerie Officers Enlisted
Hispanophone	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted
Lusophone	Army Officers Enlisted Navy Officers Enlisted Air force Officers Enlisted Military police Officers Enlisted