Community resilience is the sustained ability of acommunity to use available resources (energy,communication,transportation,food, etc.) to respond to, withstand, and recover from adverse situations (e.g.economic collapse toglobal catastrophic risks).[1] This allows for the adaptation and growth of a community after disaster strikes.[2] Communities that are resilient are able to minimize anydisaster, making the return to normal life as effortless as possible. By implementing a community resilience plan, a community can come together and overcome any disaster, while rebuilding physically and economically.[3][4]
Due to its high complexity the discussion on resilient societies has increasingly been considered from an inter- and transdisciplinary scope.
Around 2010 the French-speaking discourse coined the notion ofcollapsology (collapse science), discussing the resilience of societal systems and possible scenarios for societal transformations in the face of a variety of factors, such as dependence onfossil fuels, overpopulation,loss of biodiversity, and instability of the financial system. The controversial term was created by Pablo Servigne (an agricultural engineer) who, with Raphaël Stevens, wrote the bookComment tout peut s'effondrer (literally, "How everything can collapse").[5] Another, decidedly transdisciplinary approach which has been coined in late 2010s by German researcherKarim Fathi is the concept of "multiresilience" taking into account the fact that crises in the 21st century are interconnected, multi-dimensional and occurring on multiple system levels. Challenges such as theCOVID-19 pandemic (individuals, organisations, societies alike) occur simultaneously, often even in interconnected and clustered forms.[6][7] From a cross-disciplinary perspective, Karim Fathi outlines five systemic principles contributing to increased collective intelligence, responsiveness and creativity of societies in the face of multiple crises occurring simultaneously.[8][9] Multiresilience is regarded as complementary to already established concepts for assessing and promoting societal resilience potentials. At the same time it criticises the fact that societal resilience has so far always been discussed from a mono-crisis perspective. According to Karim Fathi, this one-sided perspective proves to be inadequate in terms of complexity, as societies in the 21stcentury have to deal with many global challenges - so-called "crisis-bundles“ - in the same time. Multiresilience aims to build up "basic robustness" in the sense of highercollective intelligence, which makes societies more capable of anticipating, reacting and solving problems in different crisis contexts.[10]
A community resilience plan is an action plan that allows for a community to rebuild after disaster. The plan should entail specific guidelines that will aid the community to rebuild both theeconomy and theecosystem that the community thrives on. This typically means there are measures in place that a community will follow, such as thedistribution of volunteers, and the access to knowledge andresources necessary to rebuild. Adaptability is a key attribute which means prevention can occur in response or before disaster strikes. TheNational Institute of Standards and Technology has a Community Resilience department tasked with solving this problem.[11] This agency has created a Community Resilience Planning Guide, and its aim is to assist communities with anticipating challenges through a practical application that takes into account the social needs of the community as well as dependencies on the "built environment" - buildings and infrastructure systems.[12] The outline of the six step process is shown below:
The scope of community resilience extends beyondnatural disasters and include manmade events.[13] Below are an example of disasters communities face on a daily basis:
Infrastructure systems such as buildings, water, electric power, transportation, and communication are all interconnected andinterdependent networks or systems.[14] This means that a failure in one network can have catastrophic impact on another system. WhenHurricane Katrina hitNew Orleans, LA on August 23, 2005, it caused network outages in transportation and power networks which led to system failure and impedance in others such communication and emergency services.
Climate resilience is a concept to describe how well people orecosystems are prepared to bounce back from certainclimate hazard events. The formal definition of the term is the "capacity of social, economic and ecosystems to cope with ahazardous event or trend or disturbance".[15]: 7 For example, climate resilience can be the ability to recover from climate-related shocks such asfloods anddroughts.[16] Different actions can increase climate resilience of communities and ecosystems to help them cope. They can help to keep systems working in the face of external forces. For example, building a seawall to protect a coastal community from flooding might help maintain existing ways of life there.
To increase climate resilience means one has to reduce theclimate vulnerability of people, communities and countries. This can be done in many different ways. They can be technological and infrastructural changes (including buildings and roads) or policy (e.g. laws and regulation). There are also social and community approaches, as well as nature-based ones, for example by restoring ecosystems like forests to act as natural barriers against climate impacts. These types of approaches are also known asclimate change adaptation. Climate resilience is a broader concept that includes adaptation but also emphasizes a system-wide approach to managing risks. The changes have to be implemented at all scales of society, from local community action all the way to global treaties. It also emphasizes the need to transform systems and societies and to better cope with a changed climate.
To make societies more resilient, climate policies and plans should be shaped by choices that support sustainability. This kind of development has come to be known asclimate resilient development. It has become a new paradigm forsustainable development.[16] It influences theory and practice across all sectors globally.[16] Two approaches that fall under this kind of development are climate resilient infrastructure andclimate-smart agriculture. Another example areclimate-resilient water services. These are services that provide access to high qualitydrinking water during all seasons and even duringextreme weather events.[17] On every continent, governments are now adopting policies for climate resilient economies. International frameworks such as theParis Agreement and theSustainable Development Goals are drivers for such initiatives.[16]
Tools exist to measure climate resilience. They allow for comparisons of different groups of people through standardized metrics. Objective tools use fixed and transparent definitions of resilience. Two examples for objective tools are the Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis (RIMA) and the Livelihoods Change Over Time (LCOT).[18][19] Subjective approaches on the other hand use people's feelings of what constitutes resilience. People then make their own assessment of their resilience.[20]
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
Text was copied from this source, which is available under aCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License| Overview | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disasters |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preparation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Countermeasures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Media | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Organizations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| By type of organization | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| By focus, within an organization |
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Positions | |||||||||||||||||||
| Methods, approaches | |||||||||||||||||||
| Skills, activities | |||||||||||||||||||
| Pioneers, scholars | |||||||||||||||||||
| Education | |||||||||||||||||||
| Degrees | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other |
| ||||||||||||||||||
