You can helpexpand this article with text translated fromthe corresponding article in Polish. (January 2023)Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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You can helpexpand this article with text translated fromthe corresponding article in Estonian. (January 2023)Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Chairman (Esimees) of the Soviet of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia (Eesti Töörahva Kommuuni Nõukogu).
TheEstonian Workers' Commune[3] (Estonian:Eesti Töörahva Kommuun, initiallyEesti Töörahwa Kommuuna;Russian:Эстляндская трудовая коммунаEstlyandskaya trudovaya kommuna,ЭТК orETK, alsoEstonian Labour Commune[4] andCommune of the Working People of Estonia[5]) was a government claiming theBolshevik-occupied parts ofRepublic of Estonia as its territories during theEstonian War of Independence and theRussian Civil War.[6] It was recognised as an independent state only by the Russian SFSR, on December 7th, 1918.[3]
Another version of flag of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia
The Commune was established inNarva on 29 November 1918 with the support of theRed Army. It was chaired byJaan Anvelt for the duration of its existence.Within areas of their control, the Commune closed churches, nationalised industry and the banks[7] and outlawed representatives of the Provisional Government.[8]
The Communist offensive was initially successful and eventually reached as far as 34 kilometres fromTallinn. However, a counter-offensive begun on 7 January 1919 by the Estonian People's Force (Rahvavägi) under Commander-in-ChiefJohan Laidoner eventually drove the Red Army out of Estonia, with international military aid primarily from theBritish Empire. The Commune was thus rendered defunct, claiming agovernment in exile inPskov, thenLuga and finally, from 17 May 1919, inStaraya Russa.
TheRussian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (RSFSR) formally recognised the ETK on 7 December 1918 and remained the only government to do so.[9] At that time, Soviet Russia was itself not internationally recognised. One of the first international treaties recognising Russia's Soviet government as legitimate was theTreaty of Tartu concluding theEstonian War of Independence in 1920.
The regime instituted a reign of terror[10] from November 1918 to January 1919.[11] A considerable number of people were arrested inTartu in December 1918 and a number of German estate owners were executed on the frozen river on 9 January 1919.[11] Aconcentration camp was also set up near Luga, in January 1919.[12] Just before Tartu was seized, the Bolsheviks carried out theTartu Credit Center Massacre executing clergymen and other prisoners in the basement of the town's bank,[11] among the victims were BishopPlaton, the priestSergei Florinski [et] and the pastorTraugott Hahn [et].[11] Around 500 people were killed in total.[13]
^Tannberg, Tonu; Maesalu, Ain; Lukas, Tonis; Laur, Mati; Pajur, Ago (1997).History of Estonia (2nd ed.). Avita. p. 212.ISBN9985206061.
^Kaljuvee, Ardo (22 September 2007)."Hea kommunist on surnud kommunist" [A good communist is a dead communist].Eesti Päevaleht (in Estonian). Archived fromthe original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved7 March 2013.
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