The body of the bleak is elongated and flat. The head is pointed and the relatively small mouth is turned upwards. The anal fin is long and has 18–23 fin rays. Thelateral line is complete. The bleak has a shiny silvery colour, and thefins are pointed and colourless. Its maximum length is about 25 cm (10 in).
In Europe, the bleak can easily be confused with many other species. InEngland, youngcommon bream andsilver bream can be confused with young bleak, though the pointed, upward-turned mouth of the bleak is already distinctive at young stages. Youngroach andruffe have wider bodies and short anal fins.
The bleak lives in great schools and feeds upon smallmolluscs, insects that fall in the water, insectlarvae,worms, smallshellfish, andplant detritus. It is found instreams andlakes. The bleak prefers open waters and is found in large numbers where an inflow of food from pumping stations or behind weirs occurs.
The Common Bleak typically reaches sexual maturity at around three years of age. Its spawning period takes place from April to June when the water temperature ranges between 14 and 15 °C (approximately 58 °F).
During this time, a female Common Bleak can lay between 5,000 and 7,000 eggs in multiple batches. These eggs are deposited on submerged vegetation or shallow areas of the water. Males undergo changes during the spawning season, developingnuptial tubercles on their backs and flanks, while their fins take on an orange hue. The incubation period for the eggs lasts about 2 to 3 weeks.
The growth rate of the young fish, known as fry, is relatively slow, and their primary source of nutrition is plankton. It is also possible for hybridization to occur between the Common Bleak and other cyprinid fish species, such asChub, Roach,Rudd, orBream.
The bleak is an important food source forpredatory fish. It is more sensitive to pollution than other cyprinids, which might explain the decline in north-western Europe.
Bleak are used as bait for sport-fishing for larger fish. In 1656 in Paris, a Mr. Jaquin extracted from the scales of the common bleak, so-calledessence Orientale[2] or "pearl essence",[4] (used in makingartificial pearls), which is crystallineguanine.[5]
^Johann Rudolf von Wagner, Ferdinand Fischer, and L. Gautier,Traité de chimie industrielle (Treatise on industrial chemistry), 4th ed., (Paris, France: Masson & Co., 1903), vol. 2,pp. 64–65.
