| Abbreviation | COSPAR |
|---|---|
| Formation | October 3, 1958; 67 years ago (1958-10-03) |
| Type | INGO |
| Location |
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Region served | Worldwide |
Official language | English, French |
President | Pascale Ehrenfreund |
Executive Director | Dr. Jean-Claude Worms |
Parent organization | International Council for Science |
| Website | COSPAR Official website |
TheCommittee on Space Research (COSPAR) was established on October 3, 1958 by theInternational Council for Scientific Unions (ICSU) and its first chair wasHildegard Korf Kallmann-Bijl.[1] Among COSPAR's objectives are the promotion of scientific research inspace on an international level, with emphasis on the free exchange of results, information, and opinions, and providing a forum, open to allscientists, for the discussion of problems that may affectspace research. These objectives are achieved through the organization of symposia, publication, and other means.COSPAR has created a number of research programmes on different topics, a few in cooperation with other scientific Unions. The long-term projectCOSPAR international reference atmosphere started in 1960; since then it has produced several editions of the high-atmosphere codeCIRA. The code "IRI" of theURSI-COSPAR working group on theInternational Reference Ionosphere was first edited in 1978 and is yearly updated.
Every two years, starting in 1980, COSPAR calls for a General Assembly (also called Scientific Assembly). These are conferences currently gathering almost three thousand participating space researchers. The most recent assemblies are listed in the table below; as of two previous leap years, two General Assemblies were cancelled.[2] The 41st General Assembly in Istanbul was cancelled due to the2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt,[3][4] while the 43rd General Assembly in Sydney was also cancelled due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.[5]
Responding to concerns raised in the scientific community that spaceflight missions to the Moon and other celestial bodies might compromise their future scientific exploration, in 1958 the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) established an ad-hoc Committee on Contamination by Extraterrestrial Exploration (CETEX) to provide advice on these issues. In the next year, this mandate was transferred to the newly founded Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), which as an interdisciplinary scientific committee of the ICSU (now theInternational Science Council - ISC) was considered to be the appropriate place to continue the work of CETEX. Since that time, COSPAR has provided an international forum to discuss such matters under the terms “planetary quarantine” and later “planetary protection”, and has formulated a COSPAR planetary protection policy with associated implementation requirements as an international standard to protect against interplanetary biological and organic contamination, and after 1967 as a guide to compliance with Article IX of theUnited Nations Outer Space Treaty in that area ([6]).
The COSPAR Planetary Protection Policy, and its associated requirements, is not legally binding under international law, but it is an internationally agreed standard with implementation guidelines for compliance with Article IX of the Outer Space Treaty. States Parties to the Outer Space Treaty are responsible for national space activities under Article VI of this Treaty, including the activities of governmental and non-governmental entities. It is the State that ultimately will be held responsible for wrongful acts committed by its jurisdictional subjects.
Updating the COSPAR Planetary Protection Policy, either as a response to new discoveries or based on specific requests, is a process that involves appointed members of theCOSPAR Panel on Planetary Protection who represent, on the one hand, their national or international authority responsible for compliance with the United Nations Outer Space Treaty of 1967, and, on the other hand, COSPAR Scientific Commissions B – Space Studies of the Earth-Moon System, Planets and Small Bodies of the Solar Systems, and F - Life Sciences as Related to Space. After reaching a consensus among the involved parties, the proposed recommendation for updating the Policy is formulated by the COSPAR Panel on Planetary Protection and submitted to the COSPAR Bureau for review and approval.
The new structure of the Panel and its work was described in recent publications (;[7][8]).
The recently updated COSPAR Policy on Planetary Protection was published in the August 2020 issue of COSPAR's journalSpace Research Today. It contains some updates with respect to the previously approved version ([9]) based on recommendations formulated by the Panel and approved by the COSPAR Bureau.
The table contains the list of countries participating in the Committee on Space Research:
Algeria
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
Czech Republic
Denmark
Egypt
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
South Korea
Malaysia
Mexico
Morocco
Netherlands
Nigeria
Norway
Pakistan
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Slovakia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States| Africa |
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