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| Commelinales | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Tradescantia pallida | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Commelinales Mirb. exBercht. &J.Presl[1] |
| Families | |
Commelinaceae | |
| Synonyms | |
Haemodorales | |
Commelinales is an order offlowering plants. It comprises five families:Commelinaceae,Haemodoraceae,Hanguanaceae,Philydraceae, andPontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 885 species in about 70genera; the majority of species are in the Commelinaceae. Plants in the order share a number ofsynapomorphies that tie them together, such as a lack ofmycorrhizal associations andtapetalraphides. Estimates differ as to when the Commelinales evolved, but most suggest an origin and diversification sometime during the mid- to lateCretaceous. Depending on the methods used, studies suggest a range of origin between 123 and 73 million years, with diversification occurring within the group 110 to 66 million years ago. The order's closest relatives are in theZingiberales, which includesginger,bananas,cardamom, and others.[2]
According to the most recent classification scheme, theAPG IV of 2016, the order includes five families:[3]
This is unchanged from theAPG III of 2009 and theAPG II of 2003, but different from the olderAPG system of 1998, which did not include Hanguanaceae.
The olderCronquist system of 1981, which was based purely on morphological data, placed the order in subclassCommelinidae of classLiliopsida and included the families Commelinaceae,Mayacaceae,Rapateaceae andXyridaceae. These families are now known to be only distantly related.[4][1]In the classification system ofDahlgren the Commelinales were one of four orders in thesuperorder Commeliniflorae (also called Commelinanae), and contained five families, of which only Commelinaceae has been retained by theAngiosperm Phylogeny Group.
Data related toCommelinales at Wikispecies
Media related toCommelinales at Wikimedia Commons
