Type of food
Chicken soup , a common classic comfort food that is found across various culturesComfort food is food that provides the eater anostalgic or sentimental value[ 1] heartiness and association with childhood or home cooking.[ 2] [ 3] culture .[ 4]
Definition and history [ edit ] The termcomfort food can be traced back at least to 1615, where in the beginning of the second part ofDon Quixote , at the beginning of chapter one, Quixote's niece and her nurse (governess, housekeeper?, "ama") are told to pamper him, "to give him things to eat which are comforting and appropriate for the heart and the brain... ." Others trace it back to 1966, when thePalm Beach Post poached egg or famouschicken soup ."[ 5] JSTOR , it might have beenLiza Minnelli who used the term for the first time in its modern meaning in an interview, admitting to craving ahamburger .[ 6]
When the term first appeared, newspapers used it in quotation marks. In the 1970s, the most popular comfort food in the United States were variouspotato dishes andchicken soup , but even at the time, the definition varied from person to person. During the next decades, the nature of comfort food changed in the US, shifting from savory dishes to sweet ones, while comfort food themed cookbooks started to spread and restaurants started to offer items labelled as such, when originally the term was used for food items consumed "home alone". Worldwide diet trends, emerging in the 1990s, like thelow fat or thelow-carb diet were unable to end the cravings for comfort food. Also in the 1990s the emergence of mass-produced food emerged which reshaped the idea of comfort food. The ability to produce and preserve food, such as canned goods, meant that comfort food became more available to those needed an extra reminder of home. For example those who were far away or under difficult conditions particularly war. According to White, theCOVID-19 pandemic that hit the world in 2020 further strengthened people's need for comfort food that evokes nostalgia and the feeling of belonging.[ 6]
Psychological studies [ edit ] Consuming energy-dense, high calorie, high fat, salt or sugar foods, such asice cream orfrench fries , may trigger the reward system in the human brain, which gives a distinctive pleasure or temporary sense of emotional elevation and relaxation.[ 7] [ 8] psychoactive ingredients found in other foods, such ascoffee andchocolate .[ 9] negative emotions tend to eat unhealthy food in an effort to experience the instant gratification that comes with it, even if only short-lived.[ 10]
One study divided college-students' comfort-food identifications into four categories (nostalgic foods, indulgence foods,convenience foods , and physical comfort foods) with a special emphasis on the deliberate selection of particular foods to modify mood or affect, and indications that the medical-therapeutic use of particular foods may ultimately be a matter of mood-alteration.[ 11]
The identification of particular items as comfort food may be idiosyncratic, though patterns are detectable. In one study of American preferences, "males preferred warm, hearty, meal-related comfort foods (such assteak , casseroles, and soup) while females instead preferred comfort foods that were moresnack related (such as chocolate and ice cream). In addition, younger people preferred more snack-related comfort foods compared to those over 55 years of age." The study also revealed strong connections between consumption of comfort foods and feelings ofguilt .[ 12]
Comfort food consumption is seen as a response toemotional stress and, consequently, as a key contributor to the epidemic ofobesity in the United States .[ 13] self-medication .[ 14]
Further studies suggest that consumption of comfort food is triggered in men by positive emotions, and by negative ones in women.[ 15] healthy eating choices during times of emotional stress.[ 16] [ 17]
A therapeutic use of these findings includes offering comfort foods or "happy hour " beverages toanorectic geriatric patients whose health andquality of life otherwise decreases with reduced oral intake.[ 18]
Comfort foods provideemotional nutrition in the form of familiar tastes and a sense of security in stressful situations, but when taken in large quantities these foods becomeaddictive and impair a person from engaging in new experiences or meeting challenges head-on. A reliance on comfort foods can stifle growth and transition, since the comfort foods are overused during times oftransition and distress . The foods that peopleover-consume during stress periods leads to a state of emotional inertia where people may become resistant to necessary change or adaptation. This reliance on experience rather than interaction with present or upcoming situations eventually stifles the ability to thrive in fluid situations and inhibits the potential for personal growth.[ 19]
A partial list by region of comfort foods around the world.
Comfort foods in Afghanistan are:
Aushak – stuffed dumplings and sauceBolani – filled flatbread[ 20] Borani Banjan or Borani-e-Banjan – bakedeggplant with yogurt sauce Borani Kadoo or Borani-e-Kado – sweet and savory braisedpumpkin withyogurt sauce [ 21] Chainaki – lamb stew, traditionally served in a bowl lined withnaan , and cooked in a clay vessel known as achainak [ 22] Chalaw or Challow – steamedrice with spices Kabuli palaw or Qabuli Pulao – steamed rice with raisins, carrots, and lamb[ 21] Karahai – meat cooked in a traditionalkarahi pot Kebab – grilled skewered meat[ 20] Korma Gosht or Qorma-e-Gosht – braised meat[ 23] Mantu – meat-stuffed dumpling[ 20] [ 23] Naan – flatbread[ 21] Sabzi Palu – spinach (sabzi ) with spices Sher Berinj – rice pudding[ 24] [ edit ] APavlova garnished with fruit and cream Comfort foods in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa may include:
Wiener Schnitzel Austrian (and especiallyViennese ) comfort foods may include the following foods:
Brigadeiro , a truffle-like confectionA plate of classicpoutine at theMontreal restaurantLa Banquise Ful medames served with hard-boiled eggs, a staple in Egypt
Amadeleine . Amadeleine de Proust is a French expression specifically referring toMarcel Proust 's description of comfort food inIn Search of Lost Time Flädlesuppe German comfort foods may include the following foods:
Puliszka with curd cheese and smoked lard (left) and plum preserve (right)India's cuisine is diverse. Some Indian comfort foods – regional and subcontinent-wide – are listed below.
Bubur ayam (chickencongee ) is anIndonesian comfort food.Some popularIndonesian foods are considered to be comfort food, usually served hot or warm, and either soupy or with a soft texture. Most of them are high incarbs or fat, such as congee, fried rice, and noodles which are high in carbs; while meatballs and grilled skewered meats contain fair amounts of fat and salt. Comfort foods often are the kind of food that provides nostalgic sentiments, as they often calledmasakan rumahan (home cooking) ormasakan ibu (mother's dishes). In Indonesia, the warm and soft texture ofbubur ayam is believed to help people to recover duringconvalescence .[ 82] flu . The warm soup contains chunk of chicken, bits of potato, carrot, and commongreen bean served in chicken stock.[ 83]
Some are traditional Indonesian food and some are derived fromChinese influences . Indonesian comfort foods include:
Irish comfort food can include:
Panna cotta In Japan, there is an expression called "Taste of Mom(おふくろの味 )".
Kugelis Porkadobo Adobo – A salt and vinegar marinated meat stew, with a large amount of local and regional variations.[ 111] [ 112] Arroz Caldo /Lugaw – A thick, savory rice porridge, often served as breakfast, on rainy days, or when sick.[ 113] [ 114] Batchoy – A noodle soup with a variety of meats.[ 115] Filipino spaghetti - Sweet and savory spaghetti[ 116] Ginataan – Acoconut cream -based dessert soup with candied banana, sticky rice balls,sagó (tapioca balls), taro, andlangkâ (jackfruit).[ 117] Bulalo – A beefbone marrow soup.[ 114] Champorado – Chocolate rice porridge, sometimes served savory (as withtuyô [ 29] [ 118] [ 114] Dinuguan - A pork blood andoffal stew.[ 118] Halo-halo – A cold, crushed ice dessert dish of mixed sweets in fruits, with milk and topped with ice cream andleche flan .[ 111] [ 115] Kare-kare – A stew of oxtripe andoxtail in a peanut sauce. It is regarded as a local variant of Indian curry.[ 112] Lumpia – Fried or fresh spring rolls with vegetable or meat filling.[ 112] Lomi – A hot noodle soup with distinctly thick egg noodles.[ 114] Pancit – A class of noodles, almost always fried or stir-fried, and often served during birthday celebrations.[ 112] [ 119] Puto – Steamed rice cakes[ 118] Sinampalukan - Sour,tamarind -based chicken soup[ 120] [ 121] Sinigang – A classification of sour soups with different configurations of meats, vegetables, and souring agents.[ 111] [ 114] [ 115] Sopas - A creamy soup (usually made with chicken) with elbowmacaroni .[ 114] [ 122] [ 123] Suman – Another type of glutinous rice cake[ 115] Tsokolate – Hot chocolate drink made withcacao , served with or without milk.[ 114] Steamed pierogi, with fried onions on top Some Polish comfort food include:
Arroz con pollo : chicken with riceSome Puerto Rican comfort foods include:
Papanași Romanian comfort foods may include:
Solyanka Russian comfort foods may include:
Singapore
Seolleongtang Chocolate conchurros Castañas asadas –roasted chestnuts [ 148] Chocolate con churros –hot chocolate drink withfried dough [ 149] Savourycoca Mar y montaña [ast ] Embutido pork meat, includingfuet (a characteristic type of dried sausage),salchichón orlonganiza botifarra .Cordero asado – grilledlamb [citation needed Fried seafood, such asboquerones fritos (friedanchovies ) andcalamares fritos (friedsquid ) Gazpacho [citation needed Jamón serrano [ 148] Pan tumaca Aioli Catalan-style cod (with raisins andpine nuts ) Escalivada Escudella y carne de la ollaCanelones (Cannelloni with a bechamel sauce)Fricandó [es ] Esqueixada salted cod salad with tomato and onion)Judías conbotifarra (beans and pork sausage)Suquet [es ] Calçot onion , grilled and served as a"Calçotada" )Paella [ 150] Sausage, such aschorizo morcilla salchichón [citation needed Sobao [ 148] Stew , such ascocido madrileño (Madrid stew)[ 151] Tarta de Santiago [ 150] Caragols a la llauna snails )Sonsos Crema catalana Panellets Torreznos bacon [ 148] Tortilla española tortilla de patata – potato omelet[ 150] [ 152]
Fondue is an emblematic Swiss comfort food.[ 153] Traditional Swiss cuisine is characterized by its simplicity and extensive use of dairy products like cheese, cream and butter. Fruits (often apple compote) are also used in many (main) dishes,[ 154] Älplermagronen andMaluns .
Älplermagronen – pasta, potatoes, cream, cheese, and onionsCapuns – stuffed leavesCholera – filled pastryFondue – melted cheese sauce fordipping Maluns – potato pieces slow-fried in butterPizzoccheri – buckwheat-and-wheat pasta with cheeseRaclette – melted cheeseRösti – grated potato pancake with various accompanimentsWähe – pastry shell with custard and various ingredients
Dan zai noodles Mantı, with yogurt and red pepper sauce Some Turkish comfort foods are:
Ukrainian comfort foods include, but aren't limitied to:
Borscht — beetroots soup, also there are few variants:Deruny — potato pancakes with sour creamHolubtsi — small, medium or large rolls with prepared riceKasha — kind of porridgeKolach — sweet, round shaped pastry Mlynci — pancakes.Nalysnyky — pancakes with fillings Pampushky — small savory or sweet yeast-raised bunPyrizhky — baked or fried small donuts with different (mostly fruits or meat) fillings. (Not to be confused with PolishPiErogi or RussianPirogI ) Syrnyky — friedquark pancakes , garnished withsour cream Varennia — jam Varenyky — Filled dumplings cooked at boiling waterVinegret — Beans and potato salad colored with beetrootsBangers and mash is aBritish comfort food.[ 166] United Kingdom comfort foods include:
Macaroni and cheese is anAmerican comfort food.[ 180] American comfort foods may include the following foods:
Beef stew Biscuits and gravy [ 181] [ 182] Breakfast cereal [ 183] Burritos [ 182] Casseroles [ 184] [ 185] Green bean casserole ,[ 184] Hotdish ,Tamale pie ,[ 186] Tuna casserole [ 187] Cheeseburgers Chicken and dumplings [ 184] Chicken fried steak [ 184] Chicken soup [ 181] [ 182] Chili [ 180] [ 181] [ 184] Chili mac [ 188] Chocolate [ 189] Chowders :Clam chowder ,Shrimp chowder ,Corn chowder , etc.[ 181] [ 184] Cornbread [ 184] Corned beef and cabbage Creamed chipped beef Desserts such asApple pie ,[ 190] Cake ,[ 181] [ 184] Chocolate chip cookies ,[ 181] [ 184] Cupcakes ,[ 181] [ 184] Tapioca pudding Fluffernutter – peanut butter and marshmallow fluff sandwichFrench fries [ 181] [ 182] Fried chicken [ 29] [ 181] [ 182] [ 184] Green chile stew Grilled cheese sandwich [ 181] [ 182] tomato soup [ 184] Grits [ 5] [ 184] Ice cream [ 181] [ 184] Lasagna [ 184] Macaroni and cheese [ 180] [ 181] [ 182] [ 184] Mashed potatoes [ 29] [ 181] [ 182] [ 184] Meatloaf [ 181] [ 184] Peanut butter and jelly sandwich [ 191] [ 192] Pepperoni rolls [ 193] Pizza [ 29] [ 182] Popcorn [ 189] Potato chips [ 189] Pot roast [ 184] [ 194] [ 195] Red beans and rice [ 184] [ 196] ^ "Definition of COMFORT FOOD" .Merriam-Webster Archived from the original on 20 January 2014. Retrieved16 December 2023 .^ "Comfort food" . WordNet 3.1.Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved10 January 2016 .^ Holt, Roberta R.; Schmitz, Harold H.; Mhawish, Reham; Komarnytsky, Slavko; Nguyen, Thien; Caveney, Patrick M.; Munafo, John P. (2025)."Comfort Foods in the Twenty-First Century: Friend or Foe?" .Annual Review of Food Science and Technology .16 :433– 458.doi :10.1146/annurev-food-111523-122109 ^ Rufus, Anneli (23 June 2011)."How comfort foods work like Prozac" . Gilt Taste.Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved8 April 2015 . ^a b Romm, Cari (3 April 2015)."Why Comfort Food Comforts" .The Atlantic .Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved21 July 2015 . ^a b "A Brief History of Comfort Food" . JSTOR daily. 30 May 2020.Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved14 February 2022 .^ Heshmat, Shahram (28 September 2016)."5 Reasons Why We Crave Comfort Foods" .Psychology Today . Retrieved5 September 2018 . ^ Wansink, Brian; Sangerman, Cynthia (July 2000). "Engineering comfort foods".American Demographics :66– 7. ^ Preedy, Victor R.; Watson, Ronald Ross; Martin, Colin R. Martin (2011).Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition ISBN 9780387922713 Chocolate is a recognized comfort food, i.e. eating chocolate can alleviate stress, reduce negative emotional states, and even increase tolerance to pain. These effects may be the result of activation of brain pathways known to combat stress, process pain, and to regulate emotions. ^ "The Science behind Comfort Food - Desert Hope" .Desert Hope . Archived fromthe original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved6 September 2018 .^ Locher, Julie L.; Yoels, William C.; Maurer, Donna; Van Ells, Jillian (2005). "Comfort Foods: An Exploratory Journey into the Social and Emotional Significance of Food".Food and Foodways .13 (4):273– 97.doi :10.1080/07409710500334509 .S2CID 145287055 . ^ Wansink, B; Cheney, M; Chan, N (2003). "Exploring comfort food preferences across age and gender".Physiology & Behavior .79 (4– 5):739– 47.doi :10.1016/S0031-9384(03)00203-8 .PMID 12954417 .S2CID 14248350 . ^ Dallman, Mary F.; Pecoraro, Norman; Akana, Susan F.; La Fleur, Susanne E.; Gomez, Francisca; Houshyar, Hani; Bell, M. E.;Bhatnagar, Seema ; Laugero, Kevin D.; Manalo, Sotara (2003)."Chronic stress and obesity: A new view of 'comfort food' .Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .100 (20):11696– 701.Bibcode :2003PNAS..10011696D .doi :10.1073/pnas.1934666100 JSTOR 3147854 .PMC 208820 PMID 12975524 . ^ Dallman, Mary F.; Pecoraro, Norman C.; La Fleur, Susanne E. (2005). "Chronic stress and comfort foods: Self-medication and abdominal obesity".Brain, Behavior, and Immunity .19 (4):275– 80.doi :10.1016/j.bbi.2004.11.004 .PMID 15944067 .S2CID 13915063 . ^ Dube, L; Lebel, J; Lu, J (2005). "Affect asymmetry and comfort food consumption".Physiology & Behavior .86 (4):559– 67.CiteSeerX 10.1.1.424.1134 doi :10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.08.023 .PMID 16209880 .S2CID 1345114 . ^ Kandiah, Jayanthi; Yake, Melissa; Jones, James; Meyer, Michaela (2006). "Stress influences appetite and comfort food preferences in college women".Nutrition Research .26 (3):118– 23.doi :10.1016/j.nutres.2005.11.010 . ^ Lebel, J; Lu, J; Dube, L (2008). "Weakened biological signals: Highly-developed eating schemas amongst women are associated with maladaptive patterns of comfort food consumption".Physiology & Behavior .94 (3):384– 92.doi :10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.02.005 .PMID 18325547 .S2CID 13301823 . ^ Wood, Paulette; Vogen, Barbra D (1998). "Feeding the anorectic client: Comfort foods and happy hour".Geriatric Nursing .19 (4):192– 4.doi :10.1016/S0197-4572(98)90153-7 .PMID 9866509 . ^ Wood, Stacy; article., John Deighton served as editor and Mary Frances Luce served as associate editor for this (2010)."The Comfort Food Fallacy: Avoiding Old Favorites in Times of Change" Journal of Consumer Research .36 (6):950– 963.doi :10.1086/644749 .ISSN 0093-5301 .Archived from the original on 27 September 2024. Retrieved26 November 2024 . {{cite journal }}:|first2= has generic name (help )^a b c Ibrahim, Mariam (4 July 2013). "Dining Out: Afghan Chopan Kebab House offers comfort food".Edmonton . ^a b c Baer, Adam (13 September 2012)."Afghan Comfort Cuisine" .Men's Journal . American Media Inc. ^ Bulos, Nabih (18 October 2022)."Afghanistan's traditional delicacy chainaki and a master chef endure in Kabul" .Los Angeles Times . Retrieved11 July 2023 . ^a b Mishan, Ligaya (29 November 2018)."At Nansense, Afghan Comfort Comes From an Unlikely Place: a Former Mail Truck" .The New York Times .Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved28 April 2019 . ^ Darlene (30 April 2014)."Sheer Birinj – Afghan Rice Pudding" .International Cuisine . ^a b c d e f g h i j k "Australian Comfort Food Recipes" .Food.com . Archived fromthe original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved29 June 2013 .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z "Ultimate Comfort Food" .ninemsn Food . ninemsn. Archived fromthe original on 4 April 2013.^ Romero, Jo (27 September 2012)."Comfort foods from around the world" .Yahoo! Lifestyle UK . Yahoo!. Archived fromthe original on 26 October 2013. ^ Marks, Kathy (6 December 2003)."Adelaide's 'pie floater' fights losing battle in fast food war" .The Independent Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved19 September 2017 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l "33 comfort foods from around the world" .MSN the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved12 September 2017 .^ "Traditional Brazilian Food: 12 Famous Dishes You Must Try" .Rainforest Cruises . Retrieved22 April 2025 .^ "Carne de Sol" .Taste Atlas . 25 October 2016.Archived from the original on 21 March 2025. Retrieved22 April 2025 .^ "Cuisine in South America: What you can't miss" .CNN . 1 October 2018. Retrieved22 April 2025 .^ "Brazilian Fish Stew (Moqueca!)" .Feasting at Home . 28 December 2019. Retrieved22 April 2025 .^a b c "Canadian Comfort Food: A collection of uniquely Canadian Cuisine" .Historica Canada (The Canadian Encyclopedia ) . Archived fromthe original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved10 May 2016 .^a b c d e f g h Kelsey, Sarah (20 October 2011)."Canadian Comfort Food: The Bad-For-Us Foods We Can't Resist" .HuffPost Canada . The Huffington Post Canada. Retrieved6 January 2018 . ^a b c d e f g Duncan, Lindsay (14 June 2017)."22 Foods You Can Only Get In Canada" .Forkly . Concourse Media.Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved6 January 2018 . ^a b c d e f The Canadian Living Test Kitchen."15 recipes for the ultimate comfort food" .Canadian Living . Archived fromthe original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved10 May 2016 . ^ "Cashew and tofu merge for creamy vegan cheesecake: Cookbook author and food blogger Sam Turnbull says recipe tastes just like traditional cheesecake" .CBC News Ottawa .Canadian Broadcasting Corporation /Radio-Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved6 January 2018 .^ Abraham, Lois (13 March 2016)." .Ottawa Citizen . Toronto: Postmedia Network Inc. Archived fromthe original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved10 May 2016 . ^a b c d e Wilson-Smith, Meghan."Top Spots for 14 Wintry Canadian Comfort Food Favourites" .WHERE Canada . St. Joseph Media Inc. Archived fromthe original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved10 May 2016 . ^a b c d e f g h McLean, Dorothy Cummings (14 January 2016)."Anglo-Canadian Comfort Food" .The Historical House . Retrieved10 May 2016 . ^ Rose, Nick (24 April 2017)."How Chop Suey and Ginger Beef Helped Canada Discover Itself" .Munchies . VICE Media LLC.Archived from the original on 6 November 2024. Retrieved6 January 2018 . ^a b c d e f Kelsey, Sarah (20 October 2011)."Canadian Comfort Food: The Bad-For-Us Foods We Can't Resist" .HuffPost Living . The Huffington Post Canada.Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved11 May 2016 . ^a b Ruiz Leotaud, Valentina (28 April 2016)."Comfort food now caters to Canadian locavores" .National Observer .Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved10 May 2016 . ^ "Top 10 Things to Add to Your Mac 'n' Cheese" .Food Network Canada . Corus Entertainment Inc. 30 September 2015.Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved10 May 2016 .^ "Baladi Chic: Cairo's New Comfort Food" . CNN Travel. 26 April 2012.Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved14 February 2022 .^ "Egypt Travel Guide" . Afar.Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved17 February 2022 .^ "Ramadan recipe: a healthy and hearty foul medames" . The National News. 10 May 2021. Retrieved17 February 2022 .^ One-Hour Comfort: Quick, Cozy, Modern Dishes for All Your Cravings ISBN 9781948703833 ^ "Beef Hawawshi sandwiches from the Eat, Habibi, Eat! cookbook" . Eat North. 26 November 2021. Retrieved14 February 2022 .^ "Koshari, the comfort food from Egypt" . Tribune India. Archived fromthe original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved14 February 2022 .^ Mark McWilliams (2016).Food and Communication: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2015 ISBN 9781909248496 ^ "7 Egyptian Comfort Foods Perfect For Winter" . localguidetoegypt.com. 14 January 2020.Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved14 February 2022 .^ Fabricant, Florence (3 August 2020)."A Digital School Cookbook to Aid Families" .The New York Times .Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved17 February 2022 . ^ Rochlin, Margy (5 December 2018)."Why you should be eating molokhia and how to make this delicious superfood soup" .Los Angeles Times Los Angeles .Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved17 February 2019 . ^ "Celebrating Om Ali on Eat an Extra Dessert Day" . Egyptian Streets. 4 September 2021.Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved17 February 2022 .^a b c Davis, Hilary (1 August 2014).French Comfort Food . Gibbs Smith. p. Table of Contents.ISBN 978-1423636984 ^ Walhout, Hannah (22 March 2017)."Pot-au-Feu: The Ultimate French Comfort Food" .Food & Wine Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved30 January 2018 . ^a b c d e "10 German comfort foods to try this fall" . Stars and Stripes Europe. 25 October 2021. Archived fromthe original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved22 February 2022 .^a b c d e f g h "10 German comfort foods for the winter" .Deutsche Welle . Retrieved22 February 2022 .^a b c "What is Comfort Food? Which Greek dishes are considered comfort foods?" . Little Cooking Tips. 5 November 2015. Archived fromthe original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved21 February 2022 .^a b c "Bell Greek serving up Greek comfort food in Midlothian and Chester" . WTVR. 29 December 2020. Retrieved21 February 2022 .^ "Traditional Greek Pastitsio recipe: the ultimate comfort food" . Greek City Times. 13 December 2020.Archived from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved21 February 2022 .^ "Hong Kong's top 10 best pork chop rice dishes" . TimeOut Hong Kong. 11 March 2020. Retrieved23 February 2022 .^ "Hong Kong's 'cart noodles' are irresistible to many, but certainly not worth dying for amid the Covid-19 pandemic" .South China Morning Post . 28 March 2020. Retrieved23 February 2022 .^ "Comfort Food in Hong Kong" .The New York Times the original on 7 April 2012.^ "How culinary icon dim sum connects Hong Kong people and reflects city's dynamic ability for reinvention" .South China Morning Post . 20 January 2021. Retrieved23 February 2022 .^ "Comfort food from Hong Kong's best" . Asia One. 15 December 2016. Retrieved23 February 2022 .^ "Hong Kong's hot pot obsession" .BBC .Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved23 February 2022 .^a b c "13 best cha chaan teng in Hong Kong" . TimeOut Hong Kong. 6 August 2020. Retrieved23 February 2022 .^a b c d e f g "Pontosan mi is az a comfort food? A fogalom, ami mindenkinek egy kicsit mást jelent" (in Hungarian). Dining Guide. 10 August 2018.Archived from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved12 February 2022 .^a b c d e f "Top 5 magyar COMFORT FOOD - amiktől újra az anyaméhben érzed magad" (in Hungarian). Nosalty. Retrieved12 February 2022 .^a b "Íme az az 5 magyar comfort food, amelyre érdemes lenne a világ" (in Hungarian). Ízes Élet.Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved18 March 2022 .^ "Chicken biryani is hot stuff in India as it tops the takeaway charts" .The Times . Retrieved8 March 2022 .^a b c d "11 Comfort Foods Every Indian Loves in Times of Stress" . india.com.Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved8 March 2022 .^a b "From Curd Rice to Kadhi Chawal: 5 Classic Indian Curd-Based Comfort Foods Of All Times" . NDTV. Retrieved8 March 2022 .^ "Monsoon special: Enjoy crispy bread patties today" . The Indian Express. 30 July 2020. Retrieved8 March 2022 .^ "Make Your Snacktime Delicious With 5 Classic Kachori Recipes" . NDTV.Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved8 March 2022 .^ "Egypt's gift to India: the samosa, popular fried pastry snack named after the pyramids" . South China Morning Post. 21 January 2021.Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved9 March 2022 .^ "Puri Bhaji Recipe: The Ultimate Desi Comfort Food For A Quick And Easy Dinner" . NDTV.Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved9 March 2022 .^ "Dosa: India's wholesome fast food obsession" . BBC.Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved9 March 2022 .^a b c d e Fitria Rahmadianti (26 September 2012)."Comfort Food, Makanan Yang Bikin Nyaman dan Kangen" (in Indonesian). Detik Food. Retrieved2 September 2014 . ^a b Christina Andhika Setyanti (13 November 2015)."Alasan Sup Ayam Jadi Makanan Paling Dicari Saat Flu" .CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian).Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved13 April 2017 . ^ "My Comfort Food – Mie Jamur Pangsit Bakso" .Indonesia Eats . 8 August 2007. Archived fromthe original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved12 September 2015 .^ Kinanti Pinta Karana (18 November 2010)."Comfort Food Helps Indonesian Maid Recover" .Jakarta Globe . Globe Media Group. Archived fromthe original on 21 November 2010. ^a b c De Launey, Guy (10 November 2010)."Barack Obama's Indonesia charm offensive" .BBC News . Jakarta. Retrieved12 September 2015 . ^ Olivier, Jamie (2014)."Gorgeous gado-gado: An Indonesian mega salad" .Jamie's Comfort Food . Michael Joseph.ISBN 978-0718159535 Archived from the original on 13 April 2017. Retrieved13 April 2017 . ^a b nava-k."Maggi goreng mamak" .Petitchef .Archived from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved31 October 2017 . ^ VL."Nasi Tim Warisan" (in Indonesian). Femina. Retrieved2 September 2014 . ^ "Indonesian Steamed Rice with Chicken/Nasi Tim Ayam" . What to Cook Today?. Retrieved2 September 2014 .^ "Indonesia - Soto Ayam at Malioboro Country" .Chowhound . 29 October 2011. Archived fromthe original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved12 September 2015 .^a b c d e f g h Devlin, Emma (30 June 2024)."Got a craving? These Irish comfort foods will hit the spot" .IrishCentral . Irish Studio LLC.Archived from the original on 12 May 2025. Retrieved17 March 2025 . ^a b c d "11 delicious Irish comfort foods that hit the spot, every time" .The Daily Edge . Journal Media Ltd. 5 June 2015.Archived from the original on 24 May 2025. Retrieved17 March 2025 .^a b c d e f g h i j The Editors of Saveur (2015).Saveur: Italian Comfort Food ISBN 9781681880785 ^ Lempert, Phil (2 December 2008)."Italian comfort food: Ricotta gnocchi" .TODAY Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved2 August 2017 . ^ Carlos, Angela (27 October 2015)."This is the Ultimate Italian Comfort Food Recipe" .The Daily Meal . tronc, Inc.Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved2 August 2017 . ^ Brassinga, Angela (9 June 2015)."7 Favorite Lasagna Recipes: These layered pasta dishes will satisfy your comfort food craving" .Sunset .Time Inc. Affluent Travel Group. Retrieved2 August 2017 . ^ "Chefs want you to eat pasta all'amatriciana. It's comfort food for quake victims" .Toronto Star . 26 August 2016.Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved4 March 2022 .^ Sandoval, Eva (14 August 2012)."The world's greatest comfort foods" .CNN . Retrieved21 July 2015 . ^ Gritzer, Daniel."Homemade Japanese Curry Rice (Kare Raisu) Recipe" .Serious Eats . Retrieved11 November 2021 . ^a b c d e Chavez, Amy (10 March 2015)."10 distinctly Japanese comfort foods" .SoraNews24 . Socio Corporation. Retrieved12 December 2017 . ^ Joe, Melinda; Marx, W. David; Wee, Darryl; Janette, Misha (12 July 2017)."40 Japanese foods we can't live without" .CNN . Cable News Network.Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved12 December 2017 . ^a b c d e f g "Japanese Comfort Food" .Japan Deluxe Tours . Japan Deluxe Tours, Inc. 30 August 2017.Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved12 December 2017 .^ "9 Japanese Comfort Foods to Make Right Now" .Food & Wine . Time Inc. 11 January 2016. Retrieved12 December 2017 .^ Suzuki, Mami (4 June 2014)."A Raw Egg On Rice Is A Japanese Feast" .tofugu.com .Archived from the original on 28 February 2016. Retrieved28 November 2023 . ^ "Stuffed Cabbage Leaves" .food52.com .^ "Varškės spurgos" .sezoninevirtuve.lt .^ "Cooking Lithuanian for the ultimate comfort food" .illinoistimes.com .^ "Namuose keptų kūčiukų tradicijos atgimsta: jų gali išsikepti kiekvienas" .delfi.lt .^ "Kepame gardžiausius grybukus! Dalinamės gudrybėmis ir autentiškais receptais" .lamaistas.lt .^a b c Valentini, Marinel (17 October 2016)."Best Comfort Food Dishes From The Philippines" .The Culture Trip . The Culture Trip Ltd.Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved13 October 2017 . ^a b c d Kryza, Andy (20 January 2014)."Filipino Food for Beginners: The 7 Dishes You Need to Know" .ThrillList .Group Nine Media Inc. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved13 October 2017 . ^ Harrison, Melissa (11 May 2014)."24 Delicious Filipino Foods You Need In Your Life" .BuzzFeed Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved13 October 2017 . ^a b c d e f g Galvez, Jane (30 July 2016)."12 Best Filipino Comfort Food For The Rainy Days" .Philihappy . Archived fromthe original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved13 October 2017 . ^a b c d Ang Pinaka Staff"Top 10 Best Rainy Day Comfort Foods on 'Ang Pinaka' .GMA News Online .GMA Network .Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved13 October 2017 .^ Estrella, Serna (30 July 2014)."The Origins of Sweet Spaghetti: A Closer Look at the Filipino Sweet Tooth" .Pepper.ph .Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved16 December 2018 . ^ "Foods for the soul" . The Philippine Star.Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved7 March 2022 .^a b c Pineda, Maida; Lopez-Quimpo, Candice (24 May 2016)."50 dishes that define the Philippines" .CNN Travel .CNN . Retrieved13 October 2017 . ^ Tayag, Claude (29 July 2012)."26 top Filipino iconic dishes" .The Philippine Star .Archived from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved13 October 2017 . ^ "Sinampalukang Manok Recipe" .Panlasang Pinoy . 7 June 2011. Retrieved13 April 2019 .^ "Sinampalukan: Filipino Chicken Soup" .Serve With Rice . Archived fromthe original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved13 April 2019 .^ "Creamy Chicken Sopas (Filipino Chicken Macaroni Soup)" .Manila Spoon . 12 November 2013.Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved16 December 2018 .^ "Chicken Noodle Soup (Sopas) – Filipino version" .Foxy Folksy . 5 June 2017.Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved16 December 2018 .^a b c "Best foods to try in Poland" . CNN. 11 November 2020.Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved10 March 2022 .^a b c d e f g "Schabowy i pierogi ze wspomnień. Gdzie zjeść dania zapamiętane z dzieciństwa" (in Polish). wyborcza.pl.Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved10 March 2022 .^a b "From 'Duck Blood Soup' to Pierogi dumplings, 10 unique dishes from Poland" .The Times of India . 5 March 2022. Retrieved10 March 2022 .^a b c d From a Polish Country House Kitchen: 90 Recipes for the Ultimate Comfort Food ISBN 9781452110554 ^a b "Najlepsze dania z dzieciństwa? Tych nie popijaliśmy łzami. "Grzeszne absolutnie, ale niebo w gębie" (in Polish). MSN.Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved10 March 2022 .^ Ardis, Susan (7 November 2012)."Pierogies: Comfort food, Polish style" .The State . Archived fromthe original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved29 June 2013 . ^a b c d Russell, Michael (12 March 2015)."Boriken brings Puerto Rican comfort food to Beaverton (and beyond)" .The Oregonian .Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved8 April 2015 . ^a b c d e Edwards, Melanie (29 May 2012)."5 Traditional Puerto Rican Foods I Wish My Daughter Ate" . Fox News Latino.Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved8 April 2015 . ^a b c d e f g Olmsted, Larry (18 October 2012)."Great American Bites: Classic Puerto Rican comfort food at El Jibarito" .USA Today .Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved8 April 2015 . ^a b c Speakerman, Meghan Ruth (17 September 2012)."Puerto Rican Inspiration" .Austin Chronicle .Archived from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved8 April 2015 . ^ " . 2 May 2023.Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved18 November 2023 .^ "Salam de biscuiti" .Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved18 November 2023 .^ Oana Igretiu (31 January 2016)."Ciorba de perisoare - reteta mamei mele" .Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved18 November 2023 . ^a b c Cory Varga (15 November 2023)."16 Traditional Romanian Foods - Most Delicious Romanian Dishes" . Retrieved18 November 2023 . ^ "Prăjitura Greta Garbo. Rețetă de colecție" . 23 December 2022. Retrieved18 November 2023 .^a b c "Romanian comfort food (part II, the dishes)" . 11 December 2017.Archived from the original on 29 March 2025. Retrieved18 November 2023 .^ "Ardei umpluti - reteta strabunicii mele" . 23 June 2015. Retrieved18 November 2023 .^a b c d e f g h "10 Russian Comfort Foods You Never Knew Existed" . Yahoo!. 17 February 2016. Retrieved11 March 2022 .^ "Селедка под шубой: 10 версий новогоднего салата в ресторанах Москвы" (in Russian). afisha.ru. Retrieved11 March 2022 .^a b "10 comfort foods that Russians really love" . Russia Beyond. 5 January 2021.Archived from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved11 March 2022 .^ "How to make the hearty solyanka - the perfect comfort soup (VIDEO)" . Russia Beyond. 3 April 2019.Archived from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved11 March 2022 .^a b c d e f "The Best Korean Comfort Foods" . CIEE. 5 November 2021.Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved17 March 2022 .^a b c d "Korean Comfort Foods That Will Warm You From The Inside-Out" . Sejong. 14 September 2020.Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved17 March 2022 .^ "How a South Korean comfort food went global" .BBC .Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved17 March 2022 .^a b c d "Los cocidos nos generan nostalgia, según la guía del 'Comfort Food' (in Spanish).El Diario Montañés . 17 February 2022.Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved16 March 2022 .^ Lonely Planet Experience Spain ISBN 9781788685276 ^a b c Acker, Kerry (24 January 2013)."Spanish Comfort Food Favorites" .Epicurious . Condé Nast. Archived fromthe original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved3 April 2019 . ^ "Traditional Spanish Comfort Food at Home: Cocido Madrileño Recipe" .Devour Madrid . Devour Tours. 8 November 2018.Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved3 April 2019 .^ "Behind the Bite: Tortilla de Patatas" .Devour Madrid . Devour Tours. 19 November 2018.Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved3 April 2019 .^ Percival, Bronwen (2017).Reinventing the Wheel: Milk, Microbes and the Fight for Real Cheese ISBN 9781472955500 Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved29 January 2023 .Few dishes are more inviting than fondue, the ultimate comfort food. ^ Baroni, Oliver (19 October 2018)."Schweizer Gerichte, die die Welt nicht versteht 428" [Swiss dishes that the world does not understand].Watson .Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved9 January 2023 . ^ "10 Classic Taiwanese Dishes" .LA Weekly Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved21 July 2014 .^a b "45 Taiwanese foods we can't live without" .CNN Archived from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved21 July 2014 .^a b "Tasty snacks go well with TaiwanFest fun" .The Georgia Straight the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved21 July 2014 .^a b "Taiwan's Top Winter Comfort Foods" .The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved21 July 2014 .^ "The ultimate comfort food: manti, or turkish dumplings" .LA Weekly . Retrieved9 February 2014 .^ "Manti: A Food Without Borders" .The Atlantic Archived from the original on 9 February 2015. Retrieved9 February 2014 .^a b c d "Yemekten asla bıkmayacağımız 10 lezzetli anne yemeği" .Hürriyet Daily News Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved18 March 2021 .^a b c "Life at home: What Turks eat for lunch and high tea" . Daily Sabah. 29 June 2021.Archived from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved10 March 2022 .^ "Türk Mutfağında Pilav Geleneği" .turkish-cuisine.org . 2012. Retrieved18 March 2021 .^a b "Serve the soup!" . Hürriyet Daily News. 24 January 2022. Retrieved10 March 2022 .^ "Menemen (Turkish Scrambled Eggs With Tomato)" .The New York Times . Retrieved10 March 2022 .^a b "Bangers and mash most popular comfort food as Britons eat more during credit crunch" Telegraph . London. 22 June 2009.Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved8 May 2013 .^ Barnett, Louise (6 October 2009)."Bacon butty is our favourite naughty snack" .Sunday Express Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved13 August 2017 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "British comfort food to make your mouth water" The Daily Telegraph . London. 22 March 2013.Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.^a b c d e f g h i j k l m Avis-Riordan, Katie (27 October 2017)."The 20 most comforting foods, according to Brits: Many of the choices remind people of their childhoods" .Country Living . Hearst Magazines UK. Retrieved11 April 2018 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Best ever British comfort food recipes" .Olive Magazine .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Comfort food recipes" .BBC Good Food . BBC.Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved29 June 2013 .^a b c Jaffrey, Madhur; Tom Kitchin, Nigel Slater, Tomos Parry, and Clare Smyth (6 October 2015)."20 best comfort food recipes: part 2" .The Guardian . Retrieved12 September 2017 . {{cite news }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )^ Higgins, Lilly (26 September 2014)."Give Me Five: Who can resist the comfort of egg and chips?" .The Irish Times . The Irish Times DAC. Retrieved11 April 2018 . ^ Carrier, Rhonda (2009).Frommer's London with Kids ISBN 978-0470593097 ^ Symon, Michael."Beer Battered Fish 'n' Chips with Mushy Peas" .The Chew American Broadcasting Company (ABC). Archived fromthe original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved12 September 2017 . ^ Kerridge, Tom; April Bloomfield, Simon Hopkinson, Tim Hughes, Sam and Sam Clark (24 February 2014)."20 best comfort food recipes: part 1" .The Guardian . Retrieved21 July 2015 . {{cite news }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )^ "Nigella's jam roly-poly" .BBC Food.Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved17 February 2022 .^ "Stottie cake - the taste of home" .Shields Gazette the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved12 September 2017 .^ (Journalist), Dent, Karen (2016).The North Yorkshire Cook Book : a celebration of the amazing food & drink on our doorstep, featuring over 40 stunning recipes . Green, Tim (Photographer). Sheffield.ISBN 978-1910863121 OCLC 964356602 . {{cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link ) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )^a b c Joseph, Dana (10 May 2012)."American food: the 50 greatest dishes" .CNN Travel the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved29 June 2013 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Stoley, Emma (20 January 2012)."America's Best Comfort Foods" . Travel+Leisure (Time Inc.).Archived from the original on 2 August 2015. Retrieved21 July 2015 . ^a b c d e f g h i Brown, Alton."America's Best: Top 10 Comfort Foods" .Food Network .Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved21 July 2015 . ^ Castrodale, Jelisa."Americans Are Turning to Comfort Foods Like Cereal, Snacks, and Ice Cream, Sales Show" .Food & Wine .Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved29 September 2023 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "101 Best Comfort Food Classics" .Southern Living . Time Inc. Lifestyle Group.Archived from the original on 29 October 2022. Retrieved5 April 2016 .^ Slotnik, Daniel E. (26 May 2012)."What's Your Comfort Food?" .The New York Times .Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved29 June 2013 . ^ Gardens, B.H. (2011).The Ultimate Casseroles Book: More than 400 Heartwarming Dishes from Dips to Desserts ISBN 978-0-544-18850-1 . Retrieved3 July 2016 . ^ "Ultimate Comfort Food" .cookingchanneltv.com .^ Fiduccia, K.; Rowinski, K. (2013).The Ultimate Guide to Making Chili: Easy and Delicious Recipes to Spice Up Your Diet Skyhorse Pub. p. 118.ISBN 978-1-62087-189-8 ^a b c Hansen, Alina (30 January 2018)."Comfort Foods: Popcorn, Chocolate and Potato chips" .The Daily Utah Chronicle . Retrieved29 September 2023 . ^ Bretherton, C. (2013).Pies: Sweet and Savory 218 .ISBN 978-1-4654-1243-0 . Retrieved1 October 2015 . ^ Karina Martinez-Carter (14 February 2014)."As American as peanut butter" .Pacific Standard .Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved6 December 2017 . ^ Mark, Jorie (3 June 2020)."The Secret To Making The Perfect Peanut Butter And Jelly Sandwich" .Mashed .Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved29 September 2023 . ^ Hillibish, Jim (6 March 2008)."Boiling Point: Pepperoni rolls a classic comfort food" .The State Journal Register .Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved27 July 2024 . ^ Joseph, Scott (3 September 1993)."Pot Roast, Comfort Food Great, Goes With Comfortable Wine" .Orlando Sentinel .Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved21 July 2015 . ^ "Comfort and Company" .Food Network .Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved21 July 2015 .^ "Chefs' Comfort Food Cook-Off" .Southern Living . Time Inc. Lifestyle Group. Archived fromthe original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved5 August 2015 .
Dishes
Africa North America South America Asia Europe Oceania Misc./other
By type
By type
.jpg)
Media related toComfort food at Wikimedia Commons