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Combat is a purposefulviolentconflict between multiplecombatants with the intent to harm the opposition. Combat may be armed (usingweapons) or unarmed (not using weapons). Combat is resorted to either as a method ofself-defense or to impose one's will upon others. An instance of combat can be a standalone confrontation or part of a wider conflict, and its scale can range from a fight between individuals to awar between organized groups. Combat may also be benign andrecreational, as in the cases ofcombat sports andmock combat.
Combat may comply with, or be in violation of, local or international laws regarding conflict. Examples of rules include theGeneva Conventions (covering the treatment of people in war),medievalchivalry, theMarquess of Queensberry Rules (covering boxing), and the individual rulesets of various combat sports.
Hand-to-hand combat (melee) is combat at very close range, attacking the opponent with the body (striking,kicking,strangling, etc.) and/or with a melee weapon (knives,swords,batons, etc.), as opposed to a ranged weapon.
Hand-to-hand combat can be further divided into three sections depending on the distance and positioning of the combatants:
Military combat involves two or more opposingmilitary forces meeting inwarfare. Military combat situations can involve multiple groups, such asguerilla groups,insurgents, domestic and/or foreigngovernments.
A military situation may be known as an action, affair, skirmish,engagement,combat,battle, or war, depending on the size of the fighting and which geographical areas in which it occurs. A combat between two armies that decides the fate of a war or a separatetheater- orcampaign-sizedoperation is apitched battle.[a] Anencounter battle does not affect the outcome that can be caused by the previous case. A combat between two armies that had less definite results than a pitched battle, but led to a more or less significant change in the situation in the theater, is simply called a battle.[b] Clash of independent parts of two armies, namelycorps ordivisions, is called a combat or engagement.[c] Clashes of even smaller forces are called an affair, skirmish, or also engagement.[d] However, all of these terms may be used in different ways depending on the context.[1]
Combat effectiveness has always demanded that the personnel maintain strategic preparedness by being sufficientlytrained,armed,equipped, andfunded to carry out combat operations in the unit to which they are assigned.[2] Warfare falls under thelaw of war, which govern its purposes and conduct, and protect the rights ofcombatants andnon-combatants.
"Бой" .Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). 1906.
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