Colares | |
|---|---|
 Village ofAzenhas do Mar on the Colares coast. | |
  Colares Location in Portugal | |
| Coordinates:38°48′11″N9°27′00″W / 38.803°N 9.450°W /38.803; -9.450 | |
| Country |  Portugal |
| Region | Lisbon |
| Metropolitan area | Lisbon |
| District | Lisbon |
| Municipality | Sintra |
| Area | |
• Total | 33.37 km2 (12.88 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 7,628 |
| • Density | 230/km2 (590/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+00:00 (WET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+01:00 (WEST) |
| Postal code | 2705 |
| Area code | 219 |
| Patron | Nossa Senhora da Assunção |
| Website | http://www.jf-colares.pt |
Colares (Portuguese pronunciation:[kuˈlaɾɨʃ]) is acivil parish along the coast of the municipality ofSintra. The population in 2011 was 7,628,[1] in an area of 33.37 square kilometres (12.88 sq mi).[2]
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Even before there was a "Portugal", the region of Colares was a place of human movement and settlement. By the Roman occupation of the Iberian Peninsula, the architecture of Colares was carved by Latin inscriptions, such as one found near the mouth of the Maçãs River:SOLI ET LUNAE CESTIVIUS ACIDIVIS PERENNIS LEG. AVG. PR. PR. PROVINCIAE LUSITANAE.
It was conquered and held bySigurd I of Norway for a few months in 1108, during theNorwegian Crusade.
After a period of Moorish occupation, armies loyal to Afonso Henriques conquered the region, as a sequence of their victory in Sintra, around 1147. The region remained in the hands of the Crown until 1385, when it was donated byJohn I to theconstableNuno Álvares Pereira to compensate the mercenary for his support against Castile.
These lands returned to the crown following the death of InfantaBeatrice, mother ofManuel I.
The historical village of Colares, which was important in the nation's pre-history, obtained aforal early after its creation. The parish ofNossa Senhora da Assunção was a bishopric rectory in the oldcomarca of Torres Vedras, and Colares was the seat of its own municipality, attributed to KingAfonso III, in May 1255. A new foral was issued on 10 November 1516 by Manuel I.
In 1801, the municipality of Colares included 1930 inhabitants, and by 1849, it already had 3341 inhabitants.
During the administrative reforms of 24 October 1855, the municipality of Colares was extinguished and the territory integrated into the municipality of Sintra, as a civil parish.
Grapevines are grown directly upon the sand in theColares DOC, which covers 50 acres of remaining vineyards.[3] In the 1940s, vineyards covered 2,500 acres.[3] Between 1934 and 1994, only the local co-op could use the Colares appellation.[3]
Red wines, which make up 75% of platings, are grown fromramisco grape and are aged over ten years before being marketed.[3] White wines, grown from a local variant ofmalvasia, are not aged as long.[3] Becausephylloxera aphids cannot live on sand, Colares vineyards are some of the only European vines that are not grafted upon American rootstocks.[3]
The civil parish is located on the western coast of Portugal, and marked by Europe's extreme western extent:Cabo da Roca. Its contains the settlementsAlmoçageme, Atalaia,Azenhas do Mar,Azóia, Colares, Eugaria, Gigarós, Mucifal, Penedo, Praia das Maçãs and Ulgueira.
| Climate data for Colares, 1970-1991 normals, altitude: 25 m (82 ft) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.1 (59.2) | 15.1 (59.2) | 16.3 (61.3) | 17.3 (63.1) | 19.1 (66.4) | 19.2 (66.6) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.9 (75.0) | 24.2 (75.6) | 21.4 (70.5) | 18.1 (64.6) | 15.7 (60.3) | 19.1 (66.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.1 (52.0) | 11.6 (52.9) | 12.4 (54.3) | 13.4 (56.1) | 15.2 (59.4) | 17.5 (63.5) | 19.1 (66.4) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.4 (66.9) | 16.9 (62.4) | 14.2 (57.6) | 11.9 (53.4) | 15.2 (59.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) | 8.0 (46.4) | 8.5 (47.3) | 9.6 (49.3) | 11.2 (52.2) | 13.6 (56.5) | 14.9 (58.8) | 15.1 (59.2) | 14.7 (58.5) | 12.4 (54.3) | 10.2 (50.4) | 8.2 (46.8) | 11.1 (52.1) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 94 (3.7) | 94 (3.7) | 57 (2.2) | 66 (2.6) | 47 (1.9) | 20 (0.8) | 6 (0.2) | 8 (0.3) | 28 (1.1) | 77 (3.0) | 109 (4.3) | 118 (4.6) | 724 (28.4) |
| Source:IPMA[4] | |||||||||||||
Parishes ofSintra Municipality | ||
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