The city is named after theCoeur d'Alene people, a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans who live along the rivers and lakes of the region, in a territory of 4,000,000 acres (16,000 km2) from eastern Washington toMontana. The native peoples werehunter-gatherers who located their villages and camps near food gathering or processing sites and followed the seasonal cycles, practicingsubsistence hunting, fishing, and foraging.
The city began as a fort town; GeneralWilliam Tecumseh Sherman sited what became known asFort Sherman on the north shore of Lake Coeur d'Alene in 1878. Peopling of the town came whenminers and prospectors came to the region after gold and silver deposits were found in what would become theSilver Valley and after theNorthern Pacific Railroad reached the town in 1883. In the 1890s,two significant miners' uprisings over wages took place in the Coeur d'Alene Mining District leading to the declaration ofmartial law, with the latter providing a motive for the assassination of a former Idaho governor and subsequently a nationally publicized trial. The late 19th century discovery of highly prizedwhite pine in the forests of northern Idaho resulted in a timber boom that peaked in the late 1920s and was accompanied by the rapid population growth which led to the incorporation of the city on September 4, 1906. After theGreat Depression, tourism started to become a major source of development in the area. By the 1980s, tourism became the major driver in the local economy, and, after decades of heavy reliance on logging, the city featured a more balanced economy with manufacturing, retail, and service sectors.
Coeur d'Alene has grown significantly since the 1990s, in part because of a substantial increase in tourism, encouraged by resorts and recreational activities in the area and outmigration predominantly from other western states. TheCoeur d'Alene Resort and its 0.75-mile (1.21 km) floatingboardwalk and a 165-acre (0.67 km2) natural area calledTubbs Hill take up a prominent portion of the city's downtown. Popular parks such as City Park and Beach and McEuen Park are also fixtures of the downtown waterfront. The city has become somewhat of a destination for golfers; there are five courses in the city, including the Coeur d'Alene Resort Golf Course and its unique 14th hole floating green. TheCoeur d'Alene Casino and itsCircling Raven Golf Club is located approximately 27 miles (43 km) south and the largest theme park in the Northwestern United States,Silverwood Theme Park, is located approximately twenty miles (30 km) north. There are also several ski resorts and other recreation areas nearby. The city is home to the Museum of North Idaho andNorth Idaho College, and it has become known for having one of the largest holiday light shows in the United States and hosting a popularIronman Triathlon event. Coeur d'Alene is located on the route ofInterstate 90 and is served by theCoeur d'Alene Airport as well as theBrooks Seaplane Base by air. In print media, local issues are covered by theCoeur d'Alene Press daily newspaper.
TheCoeur d'Alene people called themselvesSchitsu'umsh intheir language, aSalishan language, meaning 'those who are found here'[9][10] or 'the found ones'.[11] These Native Americans lived along the rivers and lakes of the region, in a territory of 4,000,000 acres (16,000 km2) extending from eastern Washington to Montana; these tribes primarily located their villages and camps near food gathering or processing sites.[9][10] The camps featuredconical lodges constructed from poles and mats sewn fromtule or animal hides.[9] The Coeur d'Alene people werehunter-gatherers who practicedsubsistence hunting of wild game and fishing during thesalmon runs, and then foraging for berries and other edibles along the shores of the region's numerous lakes and rivers.[9][10] The introduction of the horse around 1760 made hunting and transportation more efficient.[9][10]
The area was extensively explored by fur traderDavid Thompson of theNorth West Company starting in 1807 and in 1809 he established theKullyspell House trading post onLake Pend Oreille.[11][a] Thompson, who usually used native names to describe the places and people he came across, ascribed the name of 'Pointed Hearts' to one of the tribes he traded with and "Pointed Heart Lake" for the lake they lived near.[11] Since Thompson traveled with French-speakingIroquois guides and scouts, it has been speculated that they may have been the first to refer to the tribe as the Coeur d'Alene.[9][10] As French was the spoken language of theCanadian fur traders, it is likely that "pointed heart" has its origins in the French transliteration ofCœur or "heart",d' or "in the middle of" andAlêne or "awl", meaning the tribal traders had hearts as sharp as the tip of anawl – or that they were sharp businessmen.[11][10]
TheOregon boundary dispute (or Oregon question) arose as a result of competing British and American claims to the Pacific Northwest of North America in the first half of the 19th century. The British had trading ties extending from Canada and had started settlements atFort Vancouver and atFort Astoria on the Pacific coast near the mouth of theColumbia River. TheOregon Treaty of 1846 ended the disputed joint occupation of the area in present-day Idaho when Britain ceded all rights to land south of the49th parallel to the United States.[12]
In another territorial dispute, the U.S. government throughWashington Territory GovernorIsaac Stevens began to negotiate treaties that would begin to move the various tribes of the region onto reservation lands to make way for American settlement.[13] This angered the Coeur d'Alene, as several treaty re-negotiations continually reduced their tribal lands.[13] The tribe also perceived the planned construction a militarywagon road as a precursor to a land-grab by the United States.[14] These talks and increasing settler encroachment sparkedarmed hostilities between the native Coeur d'Alene,Spokane andPalouse and the settler populations that resulted in an initial victory for the tribes at theBattle of Steptoe Butte but were followed up withGeorge Wright's campaign that subdued the natives.[13] TheCoeur d'Alene Reservation is located inBenewah andKootenai counties south of Coeur d'Alene in communities focused around Worley and Plummer.[15] In 1859, with U.S. funding in place, Governor Stevens appointedJohn Mullan to survey the interior of the Northwestern United States for possible railroad routes and oversee the construction of the 611-mile (983 km)Mullan Road that bears his name, fromFort Walla Walla on the Columbia River through the Rocky Mountains toFort Benton on theMissouri River.[16]
With thediscovery of gold in the western United States and the establishment ofIdaho Territory in 1863, there was an increase in settlers to the region.[17] When GeneralWilliam Tecumseh Sherman was commander of the U.S. Army during theIndian Wars and following the defeat of GeneralGeorge Armstrong Custer at theBattle of Little Big Horn, he erected several forts in the west.[17] During a tour of the Inland Northwest on his way toFort Walla Walla on the Mullan Road, he was impressed by the scenery of the area and ordered a fort constructed on the lake in 1877 and gave it the name Fort Coeur d'Alene.[17] The fort which gave the city its name was established in 1878 and the name of the fort was later changed toFort Sherman to honor the general.[17]
TheIdaho docked at the Electric Dock, c. 1908
Miners and prospectors came to the region after gold and silver deposits were found in the Coeur d'Alene Mountains and theNorthern Pacific Railroad came to the village in 1883.[18] The village became the location where ore from the mining district was ferried and transferred to the rail lines fromsteamboats that traveled down from theCoeur d'Alene River from theCataldo Mission.[19] The township was officially incorporated by petition on August 22, 1887.[20]
In the 1890s,two significant miners' uprisings took place in theCoeur d'Alene Mining District, where the workers struggled with high risk and low pay. In 1892, the union's discovery of alabor spy in their midst, in the person ofCharlie Siringo, a sometime cowboy andPinkerton agent, resulted ina labor strike that developed into a shooting war between miners and the company inBurke Canyon. When themine owners planned to reduce wages of some workers to offset increased operating costs, the miners declared a strike against the reduction of wages and the increase in work hours and demanded a "living wage"[21] be paid to every man working underground – the common laborer as well as the skilled in a stand forindustrial unionism.[22] To restore order to the state of rebellion inShoshone County, GovernorN. B. Willey declaredmartial law and sent federal troops to arrest and detain the union miners, but not before dozens of casualties including six deaths and the destruction of the Frisco Mill.[22] Six hundred miners were put into "bullpens" without any hearings or formal charges.[23]
Labor disputes between some company mines and the union continued into the next decade. A similarlabor confrontation in 1899 took place after the union was launching an organizing drive of the few mines not yet fully unionized,[24] where miners working in theBunker Hill and Sullivan mines were receiving fifty cents to a dollar less per day than other miners.[25] With no success in the effort, on April 29, 250 union members seized a train inBurke at gunpoint, according to the engineer, Levi "Al" Hutton.[26] At each stop through Burke Canyon, more miners climbed aboard what was dubbed the "Dynamite Express" toward the site of the $250,000 Bunker Hill mine nearWardner; the miners then carried 3,000 pounds (1,400 kg) of dynamite into the mill and completely destroyed it.[27] The crowd also burned down the company office, the boarding house, and the home of the mine manager. Like in the 1892 strike, martial law was declared by GovernorFrank Steunenberg and wholesale arrests and mass incarcerations were done to bring back order.[22]Harry Orchard, who owned a share of theHercules Mine at one point and played a significant role in theColorado Labor Wars, returned to Idaho toassassinate former governor Steunenberg in 1905.[28] The bombing assassination led to a nationally publicized trial inBoise.[22]
After a U.S. Geological Survey done in the 1890s, it became widely known that there were large quantities ofwhite pine, a highly prizedsoftwood, in the Coeur d'Alene Mountains.[29] Thelumber industry from the eastern US began to inventory the timberlands, acquire land, and invest in facilities across much of northern Idaho.[29] This was welcome relief to the town of Coeur d'Alene, which had been reeling from thePanic of 1893, a flood in 1894, and the closure of Fort Sherman.[29][b]
The city experienced significant growth from the timber boom and the development of the railroads, steamboats, and tourism that accompanied it; Coeur d'Alene incorporated as a city on September 4, 1906, and by 1908 it had become the county seat.[31] From 1900 to 1915, there were hundreds of homes constructed across 70 newly platted additions.[32] With the advent of the automobile and the internal combustion engine, trucks and chainsaws, the felling and transporting of trees became more productive and efficient and lumber production reached its height in the late 1910s and 1920s; in 1925 there were seven lumber mills operating in the area and they were producing 500 million board feet of lumber.[33]
After the1929 stock market crash and during theGreat Depression, the lumber industry demand began to wane and by the mid-1930s about half the woodworkers in North Idaho were laid off and the surviving mills were producing only 160 million board feet of lumber per year.[34] Although it was a tough time, accomplishments during the Depression years included the establishment of Coeur d'Alene Junior College (North Idaho College) in 1933, the construction of Northwest Boulevard through theWorks Progress Administration program in 1937, and the building of the popular Playfair Pier amusement park on the lake in the early 1940s.[35] The Playfair Pier opened on July 4, 1942 (and existed until 1974) in City Park and included a variety of rides and attractions such as a miniature roller coaster, a Ferris wheel, a carousel, and some of the usualcarnival games.[36] Coeur d'Alene benefited from its proximity to theFarragut Naval Training Station, established in 1942 on the south end ofLake Pend Oreille, which employed 22,000 people and needed 98 million board feet of lumber to build 650 buildings.[37]
Due to the scenic lake, tourism has always been a factor in the local economy. In the early 1900s, it had become popular in Spokane to travel and picnic in the park, shop in town, and take steamboat cruises on the lake and up theSaint Joe River.[29] Coeur d'Alene had also received national publicity in magazines, where it had been called a "wonderland" and "theLucerne of America".[38] However, tourism began to become a mainstay of the economy with the completion of highway infrastructure projects in the 1950s and 1960s, and the Coeur d'Alene Chamber of Commerce began to promote the city as a tourist destination as well.[39] As tourism increased, there was more demand for lodging facilities, convention space, restaurants, and cultural activities. By 1976, the city had over 30 motels with about 1,500 rooms.[40] On June 14, 1958, the city hosted the first Diamond Cup Hydroplane race, which was one of the largest events in its history and garnered national publicity and media coverage.[41] The event was attended by 30,000 people, and it was considered a success by the Diamond Cup organizers. The race was held at Lake Coeur d'Alene for the next eight years; it was discontinued due to persistent difficulties in raising funds for the event.[41]
After decades of heavy reliance on logging, in the 1980s, the city featured a more balanced economy with manufacturing, retail, and service sectors.[42] Tourism has taken on even more prominence and has become one of the main drivers of the local economy since the start of the 1980s, when there was new investment into recreational tourism in the area. In 1982, a $2 million Wild Waters aquatic theme park was built, and in the spring of 1986 there was the opening of the $60 million ($172 million in 2024 dollars), 18-story Coeur d'alene Resort.[43] The waterfront resort featured a well-manicured frontage and a publicly accessible floatingboardwalk that gave visitors the impression of a park-like environment and attracted the attention of publications nationwide.[43][44] The actions of theAryan Nations, awhite supremacist group founded byRichard Butler in 1974, also attracted media attention.[45] Butler's acolytes, many of whom were transplants like him, were linked to several robberies, murders, and three bombings, including the bombing of aSpokesman-Review office.[46][45] In 1986, Coeur d'Alene was presented theRaoul Wallenberg Award for its stand in peacefully countering the message of the white supremacists that moved into the area.[47][45] Coeur d'Alene also won theAll-America City Award in 1990.[48] The Aryan Nations went bankrupt and ceased operations in 2000 when theSouthern Poverty Law Center filed a lawsuit after the assault of a Native American woman. The lawsuit resulted in a $6.3 million judgment and the closure of their Hayden compound.[45] A successor group, Jerald O'Brien's Aryan Nations, is still based in the city.[49][50][51]
The Roosevelt School was built in 1905 and becameThe Roosevelt Inn in 1994.
In the 1990s, the Coeur d'Alene area starting experiencing substantial population growth; many of these initial transplants came from California, citing earthquakes, crime, and overcrowding as reasons for their move.[46] This northward migration coincided with watershed events such as the1992 Los Angeles riots and the1994 Northridge earthquake.[52] The surrounding area got increased tourist attention whenSilverwood Theme Park, which opened in 1988 on an airstrip with an authenticsteam train and carnival rides, installed theCorkscrewroller coaster in 1990 that it purchased fromKnott's Berry Farm.[53][54] Additional rides such as theTimber Terror andTremors roller coasters in the 1990s and the 20-acre (0.081 km2) Boulder Beachwater park in 2003 made Silverwood into a regional theme park, which attracts visitors primarily from the Spokane,Tri-Cities, and Seattle areas of Washington as well as some from the Canadian provinces ofBritish Columbia andAlberta.[53]
In 2014, McEuen Park on the downtown waterfront reopened to the public after undergoing a major $20 million renovation that transformed it from a park with baseball diamonds into a multi-use park with a variety of athletic facilities, a playground, and a dog park.[55] According to Census Bureau data in 2018, the city and county were among the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the nation.[56] The newest transplants are still mainly from other western states and are moving for economic as well as political reasons, seeking a lower cost of living, more affordable housing, an outdoor lifestyle, and a place that is more conservative.[56]
In June 2020, duringGeorge Floyd protests, armed civilians patrolled the streets of downtown Coeur d'Alene, citing a desire to protect businesses from potential looting. No violent incidents occurred.[57]
In June 2022, 31 members of the hate groupPatriot Front, including leaderThomas Rousseau, were arrested after appearing at the city'sPride parade. The group maintains an active presence in Coeur d'Alene.[58]
In 2023, the city was noted as a target ofAmerican Redoubt-related immigration.[59]
Firefighters responding to a brush fire near Coeur d'Alene on June 29, 2025were ambushed by a sniper gunfire. Two firefighters were killed. The sniper, 20-year-old Wess Roley, was found dead several hours later. The fire was thought to have been purposely set to enable the ambush.[60][61]
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 16.08 square miles (41.65 km2), of which 15.57 square miles (40.33 km2) is land and 0.51 square miles (1.32 km2) is water.[62]
The city is located on the north shore ofLake Coeur d'Alene, near the outlet of theSpokane River, and is in theNorthern Rockies ecoregion.[65][66] Lake Coeur d'Alene is a natural dam-controlled lake that is 25 miles (40 km) long and 1 mile (1.6 km) to 3 miles (4.8 km) wide and fed by theCoeur d'Alene andSaint Joe rivers.[67] Although the Post Falls Dam on the Spokane River nearPost Falls controls the lake levels, the lake is usually kept at natural levels from January to June.[68] To the immediate southeast is Fernan Lake and to the northeast of the city isHayden Lake and even further northeast in northern Kootenai County isLake Pend Oreille, which is among the largest and deepest natural lakes in the western United States with a surface area of 85,960 acres (347.9 km2) and maximum depth of 1,152 feet (351 m).[65][69] These lakes, like others in theSpokane Valley andRathdrum Prairie, were formed by theMissoula Floods, which ended 12,000 to 15,000 years ago.[70] TheCoeur d'Alene Mountains of theBitterroot Range rise to the east of the city to a maximum elevation of 7,352 feet (2,241 m) at Cherry Peak.[71]
Environmental concerns have come as a result of upstream hardrockmining and smelting operations in the Silver Valley. The Coeur d'Alene Basin, including Lake Coeur d'Alene, is polluted with heavy metals such as lead and was designated asuperfund site in 1983 that spans 1,500 square miles (3,884.98 km2) and 166 miles (267 km) of the Coeur d'Alene River.[77] The majority of the lake bed is covered in a layer of contaminated sediment and local health officials at the Panhandle Health District advise the lake's visitors to wash anything that has come into contact with potentially lead-laced soil or dust in the Coeur d'Alene River basin.[78]
Coeur d'Alene has, depending on the definition, adry-summer continental climate (KöppenDsb) or awarm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb), characterized by a cold, moist climate in winter, and very warm, dry conditions in summer.[79][80] The daily mean temperature ranges from 31.2 °F (−0.4 °C) in January and December to 70.1 °F (21.2 °C) in July.[81] Temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 18.3 days per year, only occasionally reaching 100 °F (38 °C), and there may be several nights below 10 °F (−12 °C).[81] The average first and last freezes of the season are October 17 and April 28, respectively. The city straddles the border betweenUSDA Plant Hardiness Zones 6B and 7A.[82] The Spokane–Coeur d'Alene area has manymicroclimates that can have different weather patterns and observations from the nearby official reporting stations used by the National Weather Service due to the diversity of the topography and other factors. For instance, northern Idaho experiences more precipitation in rain and snow than eastern Washington from weather systems originating from the Pacific Ocean because it is on thewindward side of theRocky Mountains.[83] Average annual rainfall is 25 inches (64 cm) and the average annual snowfall is 46 inches (120 cm).[84] Northern Idaho weather is influenced by both maritime and continental weather systems. Moist air masses from the coast are released as precipitation over theNorth Central Rockies forests, creating theNorth American inland temperate rainforest, and dry air masses from Canada and theGreat Plains contribute to dry summer months.[85] Coeur d'Alene can have noticeably milder nights and cooler days due to the moderating effect on the climate of large bodies of water such as Lake Coeur d'Alene.[83]
Climate data for Coeur d'Alene, Idaho (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1895–present)
As Coeur d'Alene has grown from a fort town, different neighborhoods and suburbs have grown around it.[87] The downtown city center of Coeur d'Alene is in the southeast of the urban area as the presence of Hayden Lake and Lake Fernan and the Coeur d'Alene mountains inhibit development to the east and Lake Coeur d'Alene and the Spokane River limit development to the south and southwest. Historic additions from the early 1900s were added close to the city center a few blocks from downtown, such as on East Sherman Avenue, East Lakeshore Drive near Sanders Beach, and near present-day City Park.[88] Today, the city has many neighborhoods, the largest being Coeur d'Alene city center,Post Falls andHayden. The Coeur d'Alene city center has several parks and attractions and as a community gathering place, it has heavy foot traffic on fair weather summer weekends.
The largest building in the city, the 216-foot (66 m) Coeur d'Alene Resort Lake Tower, is in the city center. The downtown area is of increasing interest to higher density multifamily apartment and condominium-type developments to cope with the growth in housing demand and due to a lack of space and concerns abouturban sprawl.[89][90]
Investment in residential and retail development has been intensive along the Interstate 90 corridor and has made Post Falls near the Washington state line become Kootenai County's second largest city. Due to its central location between Spokane and Coeur d'Alene, the city is host to a growing list of retail stores and is considered abedroom community of Spokane.
The historic Post Falls Dam and surrounding Falls Park on the Spokane River is a local landmark. Hayden is the third largest city in the Coeur d'Alene metropolitan area, and it is known for the eponymous Hayden Lake that was once the historic center of the community. The shores of the lake are filled with summer cabins and large mansions. The historic Hayden Lake Country Club, which lies at the center of theHayden Lake community, was built in 1907 along with a rail connection with theSpokane and Inland Empire Railroad that same year, which brought in many tourists to the resort and Honeysuckle Beach.[91]
With the rising use of the automobile, the center of town shifted away from the lake and railroad and reoriented toward Government Way.[92]
As of thecensus of 2020, there were 54,628 people and 22,699 households residing in the city. Coeur d'Alene and itsMetropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which consists of Kootenai County, have been combined by the Census Bureau into theSpokane–Coeur d'Alene Combined Statistical Area (CSA) where it is the third-largest polity after Spokane and its largest suburb,Spokane Valley.[94] The population of the CSA was 745,213 in 2020.[95] The principal cities in the CSA are separated by suburbs that largely follow the path of Spokane Valley and Rathdrum Prairie. The City of Coeur d'Alene has opted not to voluntarily merge with the Spokane MSA and to remain a distinct metropolitan area.[96] According toOffice of Management and Budget (OMB) guidelines, the two MSAs will automatically be combined by the OMB when the employment interchange exceeds 25 percent; in 2011, 18 percent of residents commuted between Spokane and Kootenai counties for work.[96]
As of thecensus of 2010, there were 44,137 people, 18,395 households, and 10,813 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,834.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,094.5/km2). There were 20,219 housing units at an average density of 1,298.6 per square mile (501.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.8%White, 0.4%African American, 1.2%Native American, 0.8%Asian, 0.1%Pacific Islander, 0.9% fromother races, and 2.8% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino people of any race were 4.3% of the population.
There were 18,395 households, of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.2% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.2% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.92. The median age in the city was 35.4 years. 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 24% were from 45 to 64; and 14.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.
According to the 2010 Metro Area Membership Report of theAssociation of Religion Data Archives, the denominational affiliations of the Coeur d'Alene MSA (Kootenai County) are 60,657Evangelical Protestant, 3,064Mainline Protestant, 7,597Catholic, 162Orthodox, 8,492 Other, and 58,522 Unclaimed.[97] Idaho is part of a region called theUnchurched Belt, a region in the Northwestern United States that has historically low rates of religious participation. The evangelical Christian community has been growing with the overall population and there have been instances of whole congregations moving to the area from out of state.[52] The evangelical ChristianReal Life Ministries church located in Post Falls was the 13th fastest growing church in the nation in 2007.[98]
Many new residents are retirees seeking lower cost of living and traffic; the number of residents aged 65 years and older doubled from 2001 to 2019 according to theIdaho Department of Labor.[99]
According to theNational Incident-Based Reporting System, the Coeur d'Alene metro area (Kootenai County) crime rate per 100,000 population was 4,864 in 2018, which was lower than the Idaho state average of 5,032.[100] The county has a property crime rate of 12.88 and a violent crime rate of 1.59 per 1,000 people in the 2018Uniform Crime Reports summary, which is lower than the Idaho state average of 14.61 and 2.27 respectively.[101][102] According toNeighborhoodScout's methodology, the city has a crime index of 24, meaning it is safer than 24 percent of US cities, and has a property and violent crime rate slightly above the Idaho state average but still below the national median in both categories.[103]
Historically, the economy of Coeur d'Alene was built and based on mining and logging and the Coeur d'Alene Mining District has been one of the world's most productive mining districts.[104] However, after mining and logging diminished in importance in the 1940s, tourism has come to be the main influence in the local economy ever since. The city has become a major tourist attraction, being at the heart of north Idaho's Lake Country where people partake in water sports and activities such aswake boarding,paddleboarding, sailing,parasailing,jet skiing,kayaking, fishing and other lake recreation.[105] In addition to the natural attractions and parks, the Coeur d'Alene area has two major resorts on the lake, theCoeur d'Alene Resort and theWorldMark Arrow Point resort directly across the lake inHarrison near the community of Eddyville as well as theCoeur d'Alene Casino inWorley, and the Northwestern United States' largest theme park in theSilverwood Theme Park inAthol.[106][107][108] There are three majorski resorts within a short driving distance,Silver Mountain Resort inKellogg,Lookout Pass Ski and Recreation Area atLookout Pass nearMullan, andSchweitzer Mountain Ski Resort inSandpoint.[109] Tourism and hospitality related jobs employed over 10,000 people in north Idaho in 2010.[110]
Coeur d'Alene is the healthcare, educational, media, manufacturing, retail and recreation center for north Idaho. Coeur d'Alene's retail has expanded greatly in recent years with the opening of new stores and entertainment venues; theSilver Lake Mall, which is the largest in North Idaho, was opened in 1989.[111] Coeur d'Alene's Village at Riverstone development along Northwest Boulevard houses a park, amphitheater, 14-theater Regal Cinemas, aHampton Inn, condominiums, restaurants, and local retailers.[112]
Companies that have their head offices in Coeur d'Alene include mining company and owner of theLucky Friday mine in Mullan,Hecla Mining and the U.S. operations of Canada-based restaurantPita Pit.[113][114] A knife manufacturer,Buck Knives, is the most recognizable brand name in the area, where they relocated the head office and factory fromSan Diego to the Coeur d'Alene suburb of Post Falls in 2005.[115] Construction company and roller coaster manufacturer,Rocky Mountain Construction is based in Hayden.[116] In 2017, the Coeur d'Alene metropolitan area had a gross metropolitan product of $5.93 billion.[117] The Coeur d'Alene metropolitan area has a workforce of 80,000 people and an unemployment rate of 6.8% (as of June 2020); the largest sectors for non-farm employment are trade, transportation, and utilities, government, and education and health services as well as leisure and hospitality.[118]
The average commute to work is 18.5 minutes.[119] Commuting across the state line into Washington is not uncommon. A concern for the city is that the risingminimum wage and salary differential between Washington and Idaho will cause local personnel shortages.[120] In 2011, the Idaho state median hourly wage was $14.51 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.[121]
The Coeur d'Alene area has a growing arts scene. The community has a symphony and theater productions from professional and community groups. The city has several art galleries, almost all displaying art located in the walkable downtown area along Sherman Avenue, Coeur d'Alene's main street.[122] Among the most prominent of these galleries is The Art Spirit Gallery.[123] Art can also be seen outside for free.[124] Since 1999, the City of Coeur d'Alene has had a funding mechanism for public art where 1.33 percent of the total cost of all eligible above-ground capital improvement projects is earmarked to fund art in public places.[125]
In the musical arts, the Coeur d'Alene Symphony traces its roots to the late 1970s as a class at North Idaho College.[126] The symphony performs an annual free concert for the community on Labor Day in Coeur d'Alene City Park and also performs during the summer. Street artists and musicians frequent Sherman Squareperforming for pedestrians. Theater arts are provided by the professional Coeur d'Alene Summer Theatre group and the community theater company, Lake City Playhouse.[127] The city's primary performing arts venues are the Schuler Performing Arts Center within Boswell Hall at North Idaho College and theKroc Center.[128][129]
The Museum of North Idaho located in downtown Coeur d'Alene chronicles the history of the region. The museum was established in July 1973[130] and permanent exhibits include "Schitsu'umsh, 'The People Who Were Discovered Here'", which explores the lives of the Coeur d'Alene people; "The Mullan Road", which commemorates Idaho's first road through theFourth of July Pass; "The Scandinavians Settled Here", which examines the Nordic influences on Coeur d'Alene; and "Steamboats", which displays artifacts and photographs of the steamboats that used to cruise the lake.[131] The museum does walking tours of the Fort Sherman grounds and also rents out the Fort Sherman chapel, the oldest building in the city as a wedding venue.[132][133]
Many of the community events and activities in Coeur d'Alene occur during the warm summer months and they often take place by the lake. Annual events include the Fourth of July Festival and the Holiday Light Show that begins at the end of November. Coeur d'Alene has been known for hosting big Fourth of July celebrations since its early days as a fort town. The Fourth of July Festival usually includes a parade down Sherman Avenue, food and craft vendors, carnival rides, and live music and entertainment.[134] Many watch the fireworks by the waterfront and beach; the Coeur d'Alene resort offers fireworks cruises that depart from Independence Point. In the winter, the Holiday Light Show festivities begin at the end of November and the lights are on display until January 1. The event also begins with a parade down Sherman Avenue and ends with a fireworks show; the resort's light show features over 1.5 million bulbs, and the resort offers "Journey to the North Pole" cruises.[135][136] Another event in the winter months that often gets media attention is thePolar Bear Plunge every year on January 1 at noon, where event participants run into the cold waters of Lake Coeur d'Alene at Sanders Beach.[137]
One of the most well-attended events in the region combines Art on the Green, the Street Fair, and Taste of Coeur d'Alene, which are all held on the first weekend in August on the North Idaho College campus, downtown Coeur d'Alene, and City Park.[138] Art on the Green is an outdoorarts and crafts festival, Street Fair is a shopping festival, and the Taste of Coeur d'Alene is afood festival; the combined annual attendance is about 60,000 people.[139] Other notable events include Brewfest and the North Idaho State Fair.[139]
Coeur d'Alene has become a destination for golf enthusiasts.[140][141] The city is home to five golf courses and there are another eight more within 20 miles (32 km).[142]Coeur d'Alene Resort Golf Course features the world's only movable floating green.[143][144] There is also theCircling Raven Golf Club at the Coeur d'Alene Casino resort,[145] as well as several other private courses nearby, such theTom Fazio-designed Gozzer Ranch.[146][147]
Coeur d'Alene hosts some sporting events, and the event that receives the most attention is most likely the Ironman Coeur d'Alene. TheIronman Triathlon alternates between full- and half-distance Ironman events on a rotating basis from year to year.[148] The course takes athletes through a 2.4-mile (3.9 km) double-loop swim in Lake Coeur d'Alene before transitioning to a 112-mile (180 km) double-loop bike course that is routed along the lake and then through the countryside, ending in a 26.2-mile (42.2 km) multiple-loop run through McEuen Park to a finish in downtown on Sherman Ave.[149] Other less intense and rigorous athletic events in town include the 15–108 mi (24–174 km) Coeur d'Fondo bike race[150] and the Coeur d'Alene Crossing, a 2.4-mile (3.9 km) swimming challenge in which participants attempt to cross the lake.[151] The Coeur d'Alene marathon is held annually at the end of May on the North Idaho Centennial Trail.[152]
In amateur baseball, Coeur d'Alene fields a team in theAmerican Legion Baseball league, the CDA Lumbermen.[153] In high school team sports, there is an annual rivalry game between the Coeur d'Alene High School Vikings and Lake City High School Timberwolves called the "Fight for the Fish".[154] The schools are the only two public high schools in the city and both compete in Idaho'sInland Empire League. The city is also home toKyle Manzardo, professional baseball player for theCleveland Guardians
The community operates on amayor–council government, where the mayor and the six councilors are each elected to four-year terms and the mayor leads the city council meetings on the first and third Tuesday of each month at Coeur d'Alene City Hall.[155][156] The city is also thecounty seat ofKootenai County, Idaho.[157]
Coeur d'Alene, like the state of Idaho as a whole, is known for its conservative politics.[160] The city andKootenai County vote reliably conservative, and races at the federal and state level are often noncompetitive; local county and city partisan races are sometimes even uncontested.[161] The changing demographics of the county and region have altered the political landscape of the community and can be viewed as part of a nationwide ideologicalpolarization trend.[52] North Idaho had once been made up of largelyprogressive districts populated by a significant proportion of union laborers who worked the mines in theSilver Valley; these districts moderated, particularly in the 1980s, after mine and mill closures andunion busting, and they had more competitive elections until the late 20th century.[52][161][162][163] Coeur d'Alene is among a small group of cities in the United States that has elected asocialist mayor; they elected John T. Wood, aSocialist Party of America member, to office in 1911 on acampaign platform of clean water, better health and sanitation standards, and anti-corruption.[164] Since the high-growth period beginning in the 1990s, continuing outmigration of conservatives from thewest coast states has made elections in thetwo-party system less competitive over time as the newer residents see the city as a place that represents their social and political values, which are sometimes more conservative than the city as a whole.[161][163] Many of the new migrants to the state of Idaho came from California, which accounted for over half the net in-migration between 1992 and 2000 and three of the top four counties that had out-migration to Kootenai County were from the birthplace of modern Americanconservatism insouthern California–San Diego,Los Angeles, andOrange.[52]
TheCoeur d'Alene School District serves around 11,000 students in 18 schools, including two traditional high schools, an alternative high school, three middle schools, eleven elementary schools, and a dropout retrieval school.[165] The first high school in the city,Coeur d'Alene High School, had its first building to house the students completed in 1904[166] and a second public high school,Lake City High School, was opened in 1994. District students who qualify are also eligible for dual enrollment withNorth Idaho College and theUniversity of Idaho. The district also has magnet schools that focus on specific curricula, such as the Sorensen Magnet School of the Arts and Humanities and Ramsey Magnet School of Science elementary schools and the Fernan STEM Academy, offering aSTEM focus.[167][165]The district is the sixth-largest in the state and second-largest employer in Kootenai County.[168] Coeur d'Alene also has a charter school, theCoeur d'Alene Charter Academy.[169] Private andparochial schools augment the public school system, such as the PK-8 gradeRoman Catholic Holy Family Catholic School and the PK-8 gradeSeventh-day Adventist Lake City Academy.[170] Private schools that offer a full high school curriculum include the PK-12 grade Classical Christian Academy and the 1–12 grade North Idaho Christian School which are bothnon-denominationalASCI-accredited Christian schools located in Hayden.[171][172]
Postsecondary education is fulfilled byNorth Idaho College, a publiccommunity college founded in 1933 as the Coeur d'Alene Junior College in downtown Coeur d'Alene on the former site of Fort Sherman.[173] The college has an enrollment of over 5,000 students and has outreach branches in Kellogg, Sandpoint, andBonners Ferry.[174] The University of Idaho has a Coeur d'Alene presence and has a research park in the area.[175]
Coeur d'Alene is part of the Spokane television and radiomedia market and receives broadcasts in thePacific Time Zone. Coeur d'Alene is thecity of license for some television and radio stations in the broadcast area, such asIdaho Public Television station, KCDT.[176] In print media, Coeur d'Alene is also covered by Spokane's major daily newspaper,The Spokesman-Review, but the city has its own daily newspaper, theCoeur d'Alene Press, which covers issues in North Idaho and has an estimated circulation of about 17,300.[177] The publication was founded in 1892 by Joseph T. Scott and printed its first issue on February 20 of that year.[178] The newspaper is among the properties of theHagadone Corporation.[177]
City roads are oriented in the fourcardinal directions, with roads going north–south being designated as "streets" and roads going east–west as "avenues".
The greater Coeur d'Alene area is almost entirely dependent upon private automobiles for transportation, the city has aWalk Score of 36, indicating most errands require a car.[183] Combined with the city's rapid growth since 1990, relative congestion now occurs on a significant portion of the area highways, notably U.S. 95 between Northwest Blvd. north toHayden.[184] The average commute to work is 18.5 minutes.[119]
Public transportation played a significant role in Coeur d'Alene's early growth as a tourist destination. When an interurban electric railroad line was completed in 1903 from Spokane to the city, Inland Northwest residents often flocked to Lake Coeur d'Alene to enjoy being on the lake and going on steamboat cruises and other activities.[185] The interurban electric line would later become theSpokane and Inland Empire Railroad. Thesteamboats on Lake Coeur d'Alene were not only used to transport goods such as ore and timber, but also people. More steamboats operated on Lake Coeur d'Alene than on any other lake west of theGreat Lakes, and there were intense rivalries between the steamboat lines.[186] The electric railroad and steam navigation onLake Coeur d'Alene lasted until the late 1930s.[187][c]
Free public bus service is available to riders, provided byCitylink.[189] Intercity bus service to the city is provided byJefferson Lines.[190]
Coeur d'Alene does not have a passenger railroad station. The closestAmtrak stations areSpokane andSandpoint, both of which are served by Amtrak'sEmpire Builder.[191]
Near themarina on Lake Coeur d'Alene is theBrooks Seaplane Base (S76), which is a city-owned, public-use seaplane base for general aviation. It is used mostly forair taxi purposes to conduct tours of Lake Coeur d'Alene and Lake Pend Oreille.[193]
The city of Coeur d'Alene provides billing services for municipalwater, sewer and stormwater management, street lighting, garbage collection, and recycling; Kootenai Electric Cooperative provides power andAvista Utilities provides both power and natural gas services in the area.[194][195] The city draws its water supply from theSpokane Valley–Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer. Telecom services such as television, internet, and telephone service are provided by vendors includingFrontier Communications,Spectrum,Time Warner, andTDS Telecom.[194]
The Post Fallshydroelectric dam on the Spokane River was built in 1906 and has a generation capacity of 14.75megawatts.[196]
Kootenai Health is the primary medical center serving the Coeur d'Alene and North Idaho communities. The 329-bedcommunity hospital is a Level IIItrauma center[197][198] and is the largest employer in Kootenai County.[199] Coeur d'Alene also has aVeterans Affairs Community Based Outpatient Clinic (CBOC), the North Idaho CBOC, which has the Mann-Grandstaff VA Medical Center in Spokane as a parent facility.[200] Coeur d'Alene also has a fewurgent care clinics operated by regional healthcare providers.
Library services for the city of Coeur d'Alene are provided by two public libraries, the Coeur d'alene Public Library in downtown and the Lake City Public Library near Lake City High School.[201][202] The Community Library Network maintains seven libraries in the wider communities in Kootenai and Shoshone counties, including branches in Post Falls, Hayden,Rathdrum,Spirit Lake, Athol, and Harrison.[203] Public library services in the area trace their roots to the Coeur d'Alene Women's Club in October 1904 and its operations and funding responsibilities were taken over by the city in May 1909.[204]
The Coeur d'Alene Police Department was established in 1887, shortly after Coeur d'Alene was incorporated as a town; one of the first official acts the Board of Trustees took was to appoint aTown Marshal.[20] The police department has 103 police officers as of September 2020.[205] In addition to the officers on staff, the department has a program called Officers Without Legal Standing (OWLS), which consists of retired law enforcement officers of various backgrounds from California who render assistance and aid as unpaid volunteers.[206][207] Coeur d'Alene and North Idaho have been favored retirement destinations for former California law enforcement for decades, the trend being reported on as early as 1986 by theLos Angeles Times.[208][209][206] By the end of the 1990s, the number of retired California police officers in North Idaho numbered over 500; formerLAPD detectiveMark Fuhrman is among its residents.[52]
The natural environment is among the chief attractions in the Coeur d'Alene area. The biggest natural attractions and parks includeTubbs Hill, City Park and Beach, and McEuen Park, all near downtown. Tubbs Hill is a 120-acre (49 ha) park that is bordered by downtown Coeur d'Alene and McEuen Park to the north and the by Lake Coeur d'Alene on the south, east, and west sides.[210] The park features a somewhat rugged 2.2-mile (3.5 km)interpretive trail that offers views of the lake and the city.[211] People oftencliff jump into the lake from outcroppings in the park. City Park occupies 17 acres (6.9 ha) in total along the lake shore near downtown and features 16 acres (6.5 ha) of beach with a tree linedpromenade, beach volleyball courts, basketball courts, public drinking, restroom, and shower facilities, picnic tables, and a large picnic shelter for events, and a Fort Sherman themed playground for children.[211][212] McEuen Park, which reopened in 2014 after a remodel, is a 22.5-acre (9.1 ha) park just north of Tubbs Hill that has a large playground, children's climbing rock,splash pad, two tennis/pickleball courts, four basketball courts, and an off leash dog park.[211] It also features a large pavilion and grassyamphitheater with concessions and restrooms for hosting large events as well as a boat launch and mooring facilities.[55][213] Other recreation facilities include theKroc Center, located near Ramsey Park just north of the Village at Riverstone, a multi-use venue with pool facilities and a fitness and recreation center.[214]
^Lewis and Clark noted the likely first contact between the Coeur d'Alene people and European Americans in a trade encounter at aNez Perce camp on theirexpedition in 1805; along with trade goods, the trappers unwittingly brought diseases that decimated the native population by about 80 percent.[9]
^The U.S. government decided to close Fort Sherman and buildFort George Wright in Spokane in part due to the persistent flooding of the banks on Lake Coeur d'Alene.[30]
^The popularity and convenience of the automobile and better road infrastructure led to the decline in other modes of transportation.[188] Some steamboats were deliberately set ablaze for Fourth of July celebrations in the late 1930s.[187]
Carlson, Peter (1983).Roughneck: The Life and Times of Big Bill Haywood. New York, NY; London: W.W. Norton.ISBN978-0393016215.OCLC494048851.
Dahlgren, Dorothy; Carbonneau Kincaid, Simone (2009).In All the West No Place Like This: A Pictorial History of the Coeur d'Alene Region. Coeur d'Alene, ID: Museum of North Idaho.ISBN978-0972335645.OCLC466927090.
Schwantes, Carlos A. (1996).The Pacific Northwest: An Interpretive History (Revised ed.). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.ISBN978-0803292284.
Singletary, Robert (2019).Coeur d'Alene Beautiful & Progressive: An Illustrated History of Coeur d'Alene Idaho 1878-1990. Coeur d'Alene, ID: Museum of North Idaho.ISBN9780982522097.OCLC1191834896.
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