| Coastal Kadazan | |
|---|---|
| Boos Kadazan (Bo'os Kadazan) | |
| Dusun Tangara | |
| Native to | North Borneo (East Malaysia) |
| Region | Sabah andFederal Territory of Labuan |
| Ethnicity | 220,000Kadazan people (2018) |
Native speakers | (undated figure of 200,000[citation needed]) |
Austronesian
| |
Standard forms | |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | Malaysia (asKadazandusun) |
| Regulated by | Multiple (?):[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | dtp |
| Glottolog | coas1294 |
Coastal Kadazan, also known asDusun Tangara, is a dialect of theCentral Dusun as well as a minority language primarily spoken inSabah,Malaysia. It is the primary dialect spoken by theKadazan people in the west coast of Sabah especially in the districts ofPenampang,Papar andMembakut (sub-district ofBeaufort).
The use of Coastal Kadazan has been declining due to the tenure ofMustapha Harun as Sabah Chief Minister whose governmentenforcedBahasa Malaysia while supressing other vernacular languages with the objective of assimilation and cementing allegiance toMalaysian federal government;[2] and by the use ofEnglish bymissionaries, which was done through the method oflanguage shift enforced by the work of both the colonial and federal governments. The state of Sabah has introduced policies to prevent this decline, which is also happening to other native Sabahan languages. This included the policy of using Kadazan and other indigenous languages in public schools. Efforts have also been done to allow the language to become official in the state.
Coastal Kadazan has adopted many loanwords, particularly from other northern Borneo indigenous languages and alsoMalay. Kadazan extensively employs the voiced alveolar sibilant fricative/z/ in their native lexicons, a feature found in only a few Austronesian languages. TheTsou andPaiwan languages also have these particular elements, spoken by theTaiwanese aborigines. Another language isMalagasy spoken in the island ofMadagascar thousands of miles away off the coast of Africa.
Coastal Kadazan is highlymutually intelligible withCentral Dusun and is considered by many to be the same language.
The language was suppressed with many other Sabahan vernacular languages underMustapha Harun's ministership in favour of anassimilationist policy enforcingBahasa Malaysia across the state.[3]
Under the efforts of theKadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah, in 1995, the central Bundu-Liwan dialect (Central Dusun) was selected to serve as the basis for a standardised "Kadazandusun" language.[4][5] This dialect was selected as it was deemed to be the most mutually intelligible when conversing with other "Dusun" or "Kadazan" dialects.
Miller (1993) lists the following phonemes:
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | h | ||
| voiced | v | z | |||
| Lateral | l | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ɤ~o | ||
| Open | a |
/o/ ranges from weakly rounded to unrounded. Four borrowed consonants from Malay and English include/dʒrwj/.[6]
Tama za doid surga, apantang daa o ngaan nu, koikot no daa kopomolintaan nu, kaandak nu, adadi doiti id tana miaga doid Surga. Pataako dagai do tadau diti, oh takanon za do tikid tadau, om pohiongo zikoi do douso za, miaga dagai do popohiong di pinapakaus doid dagai. Kada zikoi pohogoso doid koimbazatan, katapi pahapaso zikoi mantad kalaatan. Amen.
Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our sins, as we forgive those who sin against us. Do not lead us into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.
Ave Maria, noponu do graasia, miampai diau o Kinoingan, obitua ko do id saviavi tondu, om obitua o tuva' tinan nu Jesus. Sangti Maria, tina' do Kinoingan, pokiinsianai zikoi tu' tuhun do momimidouso, baino om ontok jaam do kapatazon za. Amen.
Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with you. Blessed are you amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us, sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
Below is a table of Kadazan and other Austronesian languagescomparing thirteen words.
| English | one | two | three | four | person | house | dog | coconut | day | new | we (inclusive) | what | fire |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kadazan | iso | duvo | tohu | apat | tuhun | hamin | tasu | piasau | tadau | vagu | tokou | onu | tapui |
| Dusun | iso | duo | tolu | apat | tulun | walai | tasu | piasau | tadau | wagu | tokou | onu/nu | tapui |
| Tombulu (Minahasa) | esa | zua (rua) | telu | epat | tou | walé | asu | po'po' | endo | weru | kai,kita | apa | api |
| Tagalog | isa | dalawa | tatlo | apat | tao | bahay | aso | niyog | araw | bago | tayo | ano | apoy |
| Central Bikol | saro | duwa | tulo | apat | tawo | harong | ayam | niyog | aldaw | ba-go | kita | ano | kalayo |
| Rinconada Bikol | əsad | darwā | tolō | əpat | tawō | baləy | ayam | noyog | aldəw | bāgo | kitā | onō | kalayō |
| Waray | usa | duha | tulo | upat | tawo | balay | ayam/ido | lubi | adlaw | bag-o | kita | anu | kalayo |
| Cebuano | usa/isa | duha | tulo | upat | tawo | balay | iro | lubi | adlaw | bag-o | kita | unsa | kalayo |
| Hiligaynon | isa | duha | tatlo | apat | tawo | balay | ido | lubi | adlaw | bag-o | kita | ano | kalayo |
| Aklanon | isaea,sambilog,uno | daywa,dos | tatlo,tres | ap-at,kwatro | tawo | baeay | ayam | niyog | adlaw | bag-o | kita | ano | kaeayo |
| Kinaray-a | sara | darwa | tatlo | apat | tawo | balay | ayam | niyog | adlaw | bag-o | kita | ano | kalayo |
| Tausug | hambuuk | duwa | tu | upat | tau | bay | iru' | niyug | adlaw | ba-gu | kitaniyu | unu | kayu |
| Maranao | isa | dowa | t'lo | phat | taw | walay | aso | neyog | gawi'e | bago | tano | tonaa | apoy |
| Kapampangan | metung | adwa | atlu | apat | tau | bale | asu | ngungut | aldo | bayu | ikatamu | nanu | api |
| Pangasinan | sakey | dua | duara | talo | talora | apat | apatira | too | abong | aso | niyog | ageo | balo |
| Ilocano | maysa | dua | tallo | uppat | tao | balay | aso | niog | aldaw | baro | datayo | ania | apoy |
| Ivatan | asa | dadowa | tatdo | apat | tao | vahay | chito | niyoy | araw | va-yo | yaten | ango | apoy |
| Ibanag | tadday | dua | tallu | appa' | tolay | balay | kitu | niuk | aggaw | bagu | sittam | anni | afi |
| Yogad | tata | addu | tallu | appat | tolay | binalay | atu | iyyog | agaw | bagu | sikitam | gani | afuy |
| Gaddang | antet | addwa | tallo | appat | tolay | balay | atu | ayog | aw | bawu | ikkanetam | sanenay | afuy |
| Tboli | sotu | lewu | tlu | fat | tau | gunu | ohu | lefo | kdaw | lomi | tekuy | tedu | ofih |
| Malay (incl.Malaysian andIndonesian) | satu | dua | tiga | empat | orang | rumah | anjing | kelapa,nyiur | hari | baru, baharu | kita | apa | api |
| Javanese | siji | loro | telu | papat | uwong | omah | asu | klapa/kambil | hari | anyar/enggal | kita | apa/anu | geni |
| Acehnese | sa | duwa | lhèë | peuët | ureuëng | rumoh/balèë | asèë | u | uroë | barô | (geu)tanyoë | peuë | apuy |
| Lampung | sai | khua | telu | pak | jelema | lamban | asu | nyiwi | khani | baru | kham | api | apui |
| Buginese | sedi | dua | tellu | eppa | tau | bola | asu | kaluku | esso | baru | idi' | aga | api |
| Toba Batak | sada | dua | tolu | opat | halak | jabu | biang | harambiri | ari | baru | hita | aha | api |
| Tetum | ida | rua | tolu | haat | ema | uma | asu | nuu | loron | foun | ita | saida | ahi |
| Samoan | tasi | lua | tolu | fa | tagata | fale | taifau | niu | aso | fou | matou | ā | afi |
| Māori | tahi | rua | toru | wha | tangata | whare | kuri | kokonati | ra | hou | taua | aha | ahi |
| Tuvaluan | tasi | lua | tolu | fā | toko | fale | kuri | moku | aso | fou | tāua | ā | afi |
| Hawaiian | kahi | lua | kolu | hā | kanaka | hale | 'īlio | niu | ao | hou | kākou | aha | ahi |
| Banjarese | asa | duwa | talu | ampat | urang | rūmah | hadupan | kalapa | hari | hanyar | kita | apa | api |
| Malagasy | isa | roa | telo | efatra | olona | trano | alika | voanio | andro | vaovao | isika | inona | afo |
| Iban | satu | dua | tiga | empat | orang | rumah | asu | nyur | ari | baru | kitai | nama | api |
| Melanau | satu | dua | telou | empat | apah | lebok | asou | nyior | lau | baew | teleu | nama | apui |
