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Aclose vowel, also known as ahigh vowel (in U.S. terminology[1]), is any in a class ofvowel sounds used in many spokenlanguages. The defining characteristic of a close vowel is that the tongue is positioned approximately as close as possible to the roof of the mouth as it can be without creating a constriction. A constriction would produce a sound that would be classified as aconsonant.
The term "close"/ˈkloʊs/ is recommended by theInternational Phonetic Association. Close vowels are often referred to as "high" vowels, as in the Americanist phonetic tradition, because the tongue is positioned high in the mouth during articulation.[2]
In the context of thephonology of any particular language, ahigh vowel can be any vowel that is more close than amid vowel. That is,close-mid vowels,near-close vowels, and close vowels can all be considered high vowels.
The six close vowels that have dedicated symbols in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet are:
(IPA letters forrounded vowels are ambiguous as to whether the rounding is protrusion or compression. However, transcription of the world's languages tends to pattern as above.)
There also are close vowels that do not have dedicated symbols in the IPA:
Other close vowels can be indicated with diacritics ofrelative articulation applied to letters for neighboring vowels, such as ⟨i̠⟩ or ⟨ɪ̝⟩ for a close near-front unrounded vowel.
