Theclose central rounded vowel, orhigh central rounded vowel,[1] is a type ofvowel sound used in some spokenlanguages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʉ⟩. The sound is also commonly referred to by the name ofits symbol, "barred u".
Theclose central protruded vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as ⟨ʉ⟩, and that is the convention used in this article. As there is no dedicateddiacritic for protrusion in the IPA, symbol for the close central rounded vowel with an old diacritic for labialization, ⟨ ̫⟩, can be used as anad hoc symbol ⟨ʉ̫⟩ for the close central protruded vowel. Another possible transcription is ⟨ʉʷ⟩ or ⟨ɨʷ⟩ (a close central vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong.
Itsvowel height isclose, also known as high, which means the tongue is positioned close to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as aconsonant.
Because central rounded vowels are assumed to have protrusion, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have compression.
Close[ʉ][22] or near-close[ʉ̞],[23] depending on the dialect. Close front[y] in other dialects.[24] Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨y⟩. The example word is from theMaastrichtian dialect, in which the vowel is close.
As there is no official diacritic for compression in the IPA, the centering diacritic may be used with the front rounded vowel[y], which is normally compressed, to create thead hoc symbol ⟨ÿ⟩. Other possible transcriptions are ⟨ʉ͍⟩ ([ʉ] with spread lips) and ⟨ɨᵝ⟩ ([ɨ] modified with labial compression[32]).
Itsvowel height isclose, also known as high, which means the tongue is positioned close to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as aconsonant.
Itsroundedness is compressed, which means that the margins of the lips are tense and drawn together in such a way that the inner surfaces are not exposed.
This vowel is typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʉ⟩. It occurs in some dialects ofSwedish, but see alsoclose front compressed vowel. The close back vowels of Norwegian and Swedish are also compressed. Seeclose back compressed vowel. It also occurs inJapanese as anallophone.Medumba has a compressed central vowel[ɨᵝ] where the corners of the mouth are not drawn together.[33]
Some languages feature thenear-close central rounded vowel, which is slightly lower. It is most often transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʉ̞⟩, ⟨ʊ̈⟩ and ⟨ʊ̟⟩, but ⟨ɵ̝⟩ is also a possible transcription. The symbol ⟨ᵿ⟩, a conflation of ⟨ʊ⟩ and ⟨ʉ⟩, is used as an unofficial extension of the IPA to represent this sound by a number of publications, such asAccents of English byJohn C. Wells. In the third edition of theOxford English Dictionary, ⟨ᵿ⟩ representsfree variation between/ʊ/ and/ə/.
As there is no official diacritic for compression in the IPA, the centering diacritic may be used with the front rounded vowel[ʏ], which is normally compressed, to create thead hoc symbol ⟨ʏ̈⟩. Other possible transcriptions are ⟨ʉ͍˕⟩ ([ʉ̞] with spread lips) and ⟨ɨ̞ᵝ⟩ ([ɨ̞] modified with labial compression).
Itsroundedness is compressed, which means that the margins of the lips are tense and drawn together in such a way that the inner surfaces are not exposed.
^Instead of "post-palatal", it can be called "retracted palatal", "backed palatal", "palato-velar", "pre-velar", "advanced velar", "fronted velar" or "front-velar".
^e.g. in Flemming (2002)Auditory representations in phonology, p. 83.
^Olson, Kenneth; Meynadier, Yohann (2015)."ON MEDUMBA BILABIAL TRILLS AND VOWELS".18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences: USBkey#0522. Retrieved20 November 2021.
^abCollins & Mees (2003:128, 131). The source describes the Standard Dutch vowel as front-central[ɵ̟], but more sources (e.g.van Heuven & Genet (2002) andVerhoeven (2005)) describe it as central[ɵ]. As far as the raised varieties of this vowel are concerned, Collins and Mees do not describe their exact backness.
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