For the close-mid front rounded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol ⟨ʏ⟩, seenear-close front rounded vowel. If the usual symbol is ⟨ø⟩, the vowel is listed here.
Theclose-mid front compressed vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as ⟨ø⟩, which is the convention used in this article. There is no dedicateddiacritic for compression in the IPA. However, the compression of the lips can be shown with the letter ⟨β̞⟩ as ⟨e͡β̞⟩ (simultaneous[e] and labial compression) or ⟨eᵝ⟩ ([e] modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic ⟨ ͍⟩ may also be used with a rounded vowel letter ⟨ø͍⟩ as anad hoc symbol, but 'spread' technically means unrounded.
For theclose-mid front compressed vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol ⟨ʏ⟩, seenear-close front compressed vowel. If the usual symbol is ⟨ø⟩, the vowel is listed here.
Itsvowel backness isfront, which means the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as aconsonant. Rounded front vowels are oftencentralized, which means that often they are in factnear-front.
Itsroundedness is compressed, which means that the margins of the lips are tense and drawn together in such a way that the inner surfaces are not exposed.
Because front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.
Contrasts close[y], near-close[ø̝], close-mid[ø] and open-mid[œ] front rounded vowels in addition to the open central unrounded[ä].[3] Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨œ⟩.
Used in General and Broad accents; may be mid[ø̞ː] instead. In the Cultivated variety, it is realized as mid central unrounded[ɜ̝ː].[24] SeeSouth African English phonology
Realization of unstressed/i/ and/u/.[26] The stressed vowel typically transcribed with ⟨øː⟩ in IPA transcriptions of Faroese is open-mid[œː].[27] SeeFaroese phonology
One of the phonetic pronunciations of the classic lombard orthography trigraph 'oeu', along with [ø], modern orthography uses 'ö' to distinguish it from the[œ] phoneme that is rendered by letter 'œ'.
Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨œː⟩. Phonetically, it is nearly identical to/ʏ/ ([ʏ̞]). The vowel typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨øː⟩ is actually near-close[ø̝ː].[47]
Catford notes[full citation needed] that most languages with rounded front and back vowels use distinct types of labialization, protruded back vowels and compressed front vowels. However, a few, such as theScandinavian languages, have protruded front vowels. One of them, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels (seenear-close near-front rounded vowel, with Swedish examples of both types of rounding).
As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, an old diacritic for labialization, ⟨ ̫⟩, will be used here as anad hoc symbol for protruded front vowels. Another possible transcription is ⟨øʷ⟩ or ⟨eʷ⟩ (a close-mid front vowel modified by endolabialization), but that could be misread as a diphthong.
For theclose-mid front protruded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol ⟨ʏ⟩, seenear-close front protruded vowel. If the usual symbol is ⟨ø⟩, the vowel is listed here.
Acoustically, the sound is in between the more typical compressed close-mid front vowel[ø] and the unrounded close-mid front vowel[e].
Itsvowel backness isfront, which means the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as aconsonant. Rounded front vowels are oftencentralized, which means that often they are in factnear-front.
Itsroundedness is protruded, which means that the corners of the lips are drawn together, and the inner surfaces exposed.
^WhileVanvik (1979) does not describe the exact type of rounding of this vowel, some other sources (e.g.Haugen (1974:40)) state explicitly that it is protruded.
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