| Close-mid central rounded vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɵ | |||
| IPA number | 323 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity(decimal) | ɵ | ||
| Unicode(hex) | U+0275 | ||
| X-SAMPA | 8 | ||
| Braille |   | ||
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Legend:unrounded • rounded |
Theclose-mid central rounded vowel, orhigh-mid central rounded vowel,[1] is a type ofvowel sound. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɵ⟩, a lowercasebarred letter o. The value was specified only in 1993; until then, ⟨ɵ⟩ represented themid central rounded vowel[ə̹].
The character ɵ has been used in several Latin-derived alphabets such as the one forYañalif but then denotes a sound that is different from that of the IPA. The character is homographic withCyrillicӨ. TheUnicode code point isU+019F ƟLATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MIDDLE TILDE.
This vowel occurs inCantonese,Dutch,French,Russian andSwedish as well as in a number of English dialects as a realization of/ʊ/ (as infoot),/ɜː/ (as innurse) or/oʊ/ (as ingoat).
This sound rarely contrasts with thenear-close front rounded vowel and so is sometimes transcribed with the symbol ⟨ʏ⟩ (the symbol for thenear-close front rounded vowel).
Theclose-mid central protruded vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as ⟨ɵ⟩, and that is the convention used in this article. As there is no dedicateddiacritic for protrusion in the IPA, symbol for the close central rounded vowel with an old diacritic for labialization, ⟨ ̫⟩, can be used as anad hoc symbol ⟨ɵ̫⟩ for the close central protruded vowel. Another possible transcription is ⟨ɵʷ⟩ or ⟨ɘʷ⟩ (a close central vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong.
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Because central rounded vowels are assumed to have protrusion, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have compression.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asturian | SomeWestern dialects[2] | fuöra | [ˈfwɵɾɐ] | 'outside' | Realization of⟨o⟩ in the diphthong⟨uo⟩. May also be realized as[ø] or[œ]. |
| Azeri | Tabriz[3] | gözگؤز | [gɵz] | 'eye' | Typically transcribed as/œ/. |
| Chinese | Cantonese | 出/ceot7 | [tsʰɵt˥] | 'to go out' | SeeCantonese phonology |
| Dutch | Standard[4][5] | hut | [ɦɵt] | 'hut' | SeeDutch phonology |
| English | Cardiff[6] | foot | [fɵt] | 'foot' | More often unrounded[ɘ];[7] corresponds to[ʊ] in other dialects. SeeEnglish phonology |
| GeneralSouth African[8] | Younger, especially female speakers.[8] Other speakers have a less front vowel[ʊ]. May be transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʊ̟⟩ or ⟨ʉ̞⟩. SeeSouth African English phonology | ||||
| ModernReceived Pronunciation[9] | [fɵʔt] | [ʊ] in more conservative varieties. SeeEnglish phonology | |||
| Hull[10] | goat | [ɡɵːt] | 'goat' | Corresponds to/oʊ/ in other dialects. | |
| New Zealand[11] | bird | [bɵːd] | 'bird' | Corresponds to/ɜː(r)/ in other dialects. SeeNew Zealand English phonology | |
| French[12] | je | [ʒɵ] | 'I' | May be transcribed in IPA with ⟨ə⟩ or ⟨ɵ⟩. Also described as mid[ɵ̞].[13][14] May be more front for a number of speakers. SeeFrench phonology | |
| German | Swabian[15] | wird | [ʋɵʕ̞d̥] | 'becomes' | Allophone of/i/ before/ʁ/.[15] |
| Upper Saxon[16] | Wunder | [ˈv̞ɵn(d̥)oˤ] | 'wonder' | The example word is from theChemnitz dialect. | |
| Hiw[17] | yöykön̄ | [jɵjkɵŋ] | 'forget' | ||
| Irish | Munster[18] | dúnadh | [ˈd̪ˠuːn̪ˠө] | 'closing' | Allophone of/ə/ adjacent to broad consonants, when the vowel in the preceding syllable is either/uː/ or/ʊ/.[18] SeeIrish phonology |
| Kazakh | көз | [kɵz] | 'eye' | Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨œ⟩. | |
| Limburgish | Most dialects[19][20][21] | bluts | [blɵts] | 'bump' | Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʏ⟩. The example word is from the Weert dialect.[19][20][21] |
| Maastrichtian[20] | beuk | [bɵːk] | 'books' | Sometimes realized as a narrow diphthong[ɵʉ̞];[20] typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨øː⟩. Front[øː] in other dialects.[19][22] | |
| Mongolian[23] | өгөх/ögökh | [ɵɡɵx] | 'to give' | ||
| Norwegian | Stavangersk[24] | gull | [ɡɵl] | 'gold' | Near-close[ʉ̞] in other dialects that have this vowel.[24] Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʉ⟩. SeeNorwegian phonology |
| Urban East[25] | søt | [sɵːt] | 'sweet' | Also described as front[ø̫ː];[26] typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨øː⟩. SeeNorwegian phonology | |
| Ripuarian | Kerkrade dialect[27] | sjuts | [ʃɵts] | 'marksman' | SeeKerkrade dialect phonology |
| Russian[28] | тётя/tyotya | [ˈtʲɵtʲə]ⓘ | 'aunt' | Allophone of/o/ following apalatalized consonant. SeeRussian phonology | |
| Tajik | Northern dialects[29] | кӯҳ/kūh | [kɵh] | 'mountain' | May be realized as mid[ɵ̞], merged with /u/ in the central and southern dialects. SeeTajik phonology |
| Toda | பர்/pȫr | [pɵːr̘] | 'name' | ||
| Uzbek | koʻz/кўз | [kɵz] | 'eye' | Allophone of/o/, especially nearvelar consonants/k/ and/g/. May be realized as mid[ɵ̞]. SeeUzbek phonology | |
| West Frisian | Standard[30][31] | put | [pɵt] | 'well' | Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ø⟩. SeeWest Frisian phonology |
| Southwestern dialects[32] | fuotten | [ˈfɵtn̩] | 'feet' | Corresponds to[wo] in other dialects.[32] SeeWest Frisian phonology | |
| Xumi | Lower[33] | ľatsö | [ʎ̟ɐtsɵ˦] | 'to filter tea' | Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʉ⟩.[33] |
| Upper[34] | htö | [htɵ] | 'way to do things' | Allophone of/o/ after alveolar consonants; may be realized as[o] or[ɤ] instead.[34] | |
| Close-mid central compressed vowel | |
|---|---|
| ɵ͍ | |
| ɘᵝ | |
| ø̈ |
As there is no official diacritic for compression in the IPA, it is sometimes approximated with the centralizing diacritic used on the front rounded vowel[ø], which is normally compressed. Other possible transcriptions are ⟨ɘᵝ⟩ ([ɘ] modified with labial compression) and ⟨ɵ͍⟩.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swedish | Central Standard[35] | full | [fø̈lː] | 'full' | More often described as mid[ɵ̞ᵝ].[36][37] SeeSwedish phonology |
| Siberian Tatar | Baraba | [example needed] | |||
