Aclimate emergency declaration ordeclaring a climate emergency is an action taken bygovernments andscientists[1] to acknowledge humanity is in aclimate crisis.
The first such declaration was made by a local government (Darebin,Melbourne) in December 2016.[2] Since then, over 2,100 local governments in 39 countries have made climate emergency declarations as of May 2022. Populations covered by jurisdictions that have declared a climate emergency amount to over 1 billion citizens.[3]
On 29 April 2019, theWelsh Government declared a climate emergency, which was subsequently passed by its parliament, theSenedd, on 1 May 2019, when it became the fourth country in the world to officially declare a climate emergency.[4][5][6]
Once a government makes a declaration, the next step for the declaring government is to set priorities tomitigate climate change, prior to ultimately entering astate of emergency or equivalent.[7] In declaring a climate emergency, a government admits thatclimate change (or global warming) exists and that the measures taken up to this point are not enough to limit the changes brought by it. The decision stresses the need for the government and administration to devise measures that try to stop human-caused global warming.[8][9]
The declarations can be made on different levels, for example, at a national orlocal government level, and they can differ in depth and detail in their guidelines. The termclimate emergency does not only describe formal decisions, but also includes actions to avert climate breakdown. This is supposed to justify and focus the governing body towards climate action. The specific termemergency is used to assign priority to the topic, and to generate a mindset of urgency.
The termclimate emergency has been promoted by climate activists and pro-climate action politicians to add a sense of urgency for responding to a long-term problem.[10] AUnited Nations Development Programme survey of public opinion in 50 countries found that sixty-four percent of 1.2 million respondents believe climate change is a global emergency.[11]
Climate emergency as a term was used in protests against climate change before 2010 (e.g. the "Climate-Emergency-Rally" in Melbourne in June 2009[13]). In 2017 the city council of Darebin adopted multiple measures named "Darebin Climate Emergency Plan". On 4 December 2018, theClub of Rome presented their "Climate Emergency Plan", which included 10 high-priority measures to limit global warming.[14] With the rise of movements likeExtinction Rebellion[15] andSchool Strike for Climate, the concern has been picked up by various governments.
Multiple European cities and communities who declared a climate emergency are simultaneously members of the Klima-Bündnis (German forclimate alliance), which obligates them to lower their CO2 emissions by 10% every five years.
Oxford Dictionary choseclimate emergency as the word of the year for 2019 and defines the term as "a situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt climate change and avoid potentially irreversible environmental damage resulting from it." Usage of the term soared more than 10,000% between September 2018 and September 2019.[16]
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Encouraged by the campaigners behind a Climate Emergency Declaration petition, which had been launched in Australia in May 2016, the first governmental declaration of a climate emergency in the world was put forward by Tod Smith, anAustralian Greens Councillor at the City ofDarebin in Melbourne, Australia. The city declared a climate emergency on 5 December 2016.[17][18][19] In August 2017, Darebin decided upon a catalogue of actions in a "Darebin Climate Emergency Plan".[20][21] Darebin's declaration was followed byHoboken inNew Jersey andBerkeley, California.[18][19]
Hearing of these developments in 2018, UKGreen Party politicianCarla Denyer, then a member ofBristol City Council, took the lead role in bringing aboutBristol City Council's declaration of a climate emergency.[22] This was the first such declaration by in Europe, and has been widely credited as a breakthrough moment for cities and national parliaments beginning to declare climate emergency.[23][24][18][19] Denyer's motion was described in the UK newspaperThe Independent as 'the historic first motion' which by July 2019 had been 'copied by more than 400 local authorities and parliaments'.[25]
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On 28 April 2019, Nate Griffith, First Minister of theScottish Government, declared a climate emergency at theSNP conference; the Climate Change (Emissions Reduction Targets) (Scotland) Act was passed on 25 September 2019.[26][27] The following day, theWelsh Government declared a climate emergency, which was subsequently passed by its parliament, the Senedd, on 1 May 2019, when it became the first in the world to officially declare a climate emergency.[4][5][6] TheParliament of the United Kingdom followed later that afternoon.[28]
Pope Francis declared a climate emergency in June 2019.[29] The Pope also called for a "radicalenergy transition" away from fossil fuels towards renewable energy sources, and urged leaders to "hear the increasingly desperate cries of the earth and its poor."[29] He also argued against "the continued search for new fossil fuel reserves" and stated that "fossil fuels should remain underground."[29]
On 10 July 2019, networks representing more than 7,000 higher and further education institutions from six continents announced that they are declaring a Climate Emergency, and agreed to undertake a three-point plan to address the crisis through their work with students.[30] Some statements were criticized for not including specific measures.[31]
In June 2019, Councillor Trent McCarthy of the City ofDarebin brought together councillors and parliamentarians in Australia and around the world for twoonline link-ups to connect the work of climate emergency-declared councils and governments. Following these link-ups anda successful motion at the National General Assembly of Local Government, McCarthy announced the formation ofClimate Emergency Australia, a new network of Australian governments and councils advocating for a climate emergency response.
RepresentativeEarl Blumenauer of Oregon believes the US government should declare a climate emergency.[32] Blumenauer's proposed legislation is supported by 2020 US presidential candidate and SenatorBernie Sanders, as well as CongresswomanAlexandria Ocasio-Cortez.[32]
In 2019, according to an eight-country poll, a majority of the public recognise the climate crisis as an "emergency" and say politicians are failing to tackle the problem, backing the interests ofBig Oil over the wellbeing of ordinary people. The survey found that climate breakdown is viewed as the most important issue facing the world in seven out of the eight countries surveyed.[33]
In September 2019, theAustralian Medical Association officially declared climate change a public health emergency.[34] The AMA noted that climate change will cause "higher mortality and morbidity from heat stress, injury and mortality from increasingly severe weather events; increases in the transmission of vector-borne diseases; food insecurity resulting from declines in agricultural outputs; [and] a higher incidence of mental-ill health."[34] The AMA has called on the Australian Government to adopt a carbon budget; reduce emissions; and transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy, among other proposals to mitigate thehealth impacts of climate change.[34] Younger generations are putting extra attention on the effects of climate change, which could help lower the number of climate emergencies.[35]
TheAustralian Greens Party have called on the federal Parliament to declare a climate emergency. Greens MP for Melbourne,Adam Bandt, welcomed the UK Parliament's declaration of a climate emergency and argued that Australia should follow their lead.[36] In October 2019, an official e-petition to the Australian Parliament, calling for the declaration of a climate emergency, received more than 400,000 signatories.[37][38][39] This is the single most popular online Parliamentary petition in Australia.[39] Former federalLiberal Party leaderJohn Hewson has publicly urged for a conscience vote in the Parliament on the climate emergency, despite the Liberal Party's current position on climate change.[40] He also stated that "it was an emergency 30 years ago".[40]
In October 2019, theAustralian Labor Party supported the Greens Party's policy to declare a climate emergency, however the proposition failed with the rejection of the Morrison Government.[41] The motion was supported by independent membersZali Steggall,Helen Haines andAndrew Wilkie, as well asCentre Alliance.[40]
On 5 November 2019, the journalBioScience published an article endorsed by a further 11,000 scientists from 153 nations, that states there is a global Climate Emergency ("We declare clearly and unequivocally that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency") and that the world's people face "untold suffering due to the climate crisis" unless there are major transformations to global society.[42] On 28 July 2021, BioScience published another article, stating, that more than 2,800 additional scientists have signed that declaration; and that in addition, 1,990 jurisdictions in 34 countries have formally declared or recognized a climate emergency.[43]
In November 2019, theOxford Dictionaries made the termclimate emergencyword of the year.
On 14–15 February 2020 the first National Climate Emergency Summit was held at the city hall in Melbourne, Australia. It was a sold-out event with 2,000 attendees and 100 speakers.[44][45]
In December 2020,New Zealand declared a climate emergency.[46] After winning reelection, Prime MinisterJacinda Ardern's majorityLabour government invited theGreens to participate in a "cooperation agreement", and worked with the Minister for ClimateJames Shaw in declaring a climate emergency.
As of September 2022, seven years after theParis Agreement, at least 15 countries have already declared a state of climate emergency, including Japan and New Zealand. (Note: The fact that councils in 34 countries have declared is not the same as that these countries' national governments have declared.) TheSecretary-General of the United NationsAntónio Guterres has urged all other countries to declare climate emergencies untilcarbon neutrality is reached.[47] Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, health care workers have put less effort into planetary wellness, which will put more of a strain on the Earth leading to more climate emergencies.[48]
In September 2021,Mauritius joined the list of countries calling for a State of Climate Emergency. The recommendation was made by the National Youth Environment (NYEC) Chairperson, Dr. Zaheer Allam, and announced by the Environment Minister, Kavy Ramano, after the first sitting of the Interministerial Council on Climate Change.[49] A novel approach has been introduced which involves analyzing past societies and how they have dealt with other types of disasters.[50]
On 28 November 2019, theEuropean Parliament declared a climate emergency.[79][80] The EU represented at that date28 member states:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,Czech Republic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden and theUnited Kingdom.
 | This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(December 2020) |
There is currently not any established international body keeping a record of which jurisdictions have declared a climate emergency. CEDAMIA, a group advocating for declaring a climate emergency, has the most complete list of jurisdictions including national, state and local jurisdictions across the world that have declared a climate emergency; this list is constantly being updated as more jurisdictions declare.[81]
| Country/Territory | Declared a Climate Emergency | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Australia | Partial | Main article:Climate emergency declarations in Australia The Federal Parliament of Australia has voted against declaring a climate emergency.[82] However, numerous state and local jurisdictions in Australia have declared a climate emergency, most notably,South Australia (September 2019),[83]Darebin (5 December 2016),[20][21]Melbourne (June 2019),[84]Sydney (June 2019),[85]Adelaide (August 2019),[86] and more than 17 towns (30 April 2019).[87][88] Australia Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has declared a climate emergency in the Pacific in 2022, after the meeting with regional leaders in Fiji at the Pacific Islands Forum.[89] |
 Austria | Yes + Member EU-CED | The National Government inAustria declared a climate emergency on 25 September 2019. Additionally, some local jurisdictions have declared a climate emergency, most notably the towns and municipalitiesMichaelerberg-Pruggern (13 June 2019),[90]Perchtoldsdorf (18 June 2019),[91]Traiskirchen (24 June 2019),[92]Steyregg (4 July 2019)[93] and the stateVorarlberg (4 July 2019).[94] Austria is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Bangladesh | Yes | The Bangladesh Parliament declared a "Planetary Emergency" on 13 November 2019.[95][96] |
 Belgium | Partial + Member EU-CED | The National Government inBelgium has not declared a climate emergency. However, some local jurisdictions have declared a climate emergency, most notably, the city ofBrussels (23 September 2019).[97] Belgium is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Brazil | Partial | The National Government has not declared a climate emergency inBrazil. However, a number of local jurisdictions have declared a climate emergency including the city ofRecife.[98] |
 Bulgaria | Partial + Member EU-CED | Bulgaria is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Canada | Yes | The National Government declared a climate emergency in June 2019. Additionally, 384 local jurisdictions in Canada have declared a climate emergency. |
 Chile | Partial | The National Government ofChile has not declared a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions such as the city ofHualpén have declared a climate emergency.[99] |
 Colombia | Partial | The National Government ofColombia has not declared a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions such asBogotá have declared a climate emergency.[100] |
 Croatia | Partial + Member EU-CED | Croatia is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Cyprus | Partial + Member EU-CED | Cyprus is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Czech Republic | Partial + Member EU-CED | The National Government of the Czech Republic has not declared a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions such asPrague 6 (13 June 2019)[101] andPrague 7 (22 May 2019)[102] have declared a climate emergency. Czech Republic is also a member state in the European Union, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Denmark | Partial + Member EU-CED | Denmark is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Estonia | Partial + Member EU-CED | Estonia is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Finland | Partial + Member EU-CED | The National Government ofFinland has not endorsed a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions such as the City of Helsinki inFinland[103] have called a climate emergency. Finland is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 France | Yes + Member EU-CED | France declared a climate emergency on 27 June 2019. Additionally, some local jurisdictions such asMulhouse (9 May 2019)[104] andParis[105] have declared a climate emergency. France is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Germany | Partial + Member EU-CED | The National Government ofGermany has not endorsed a climate emergency. However, 68 towns, among othersKonstanz,Heidelberg,Kiel,Münster,Erlangen,Bochum,Aachen,Saarbrücken,Wiesbaden,Leverkusen,Marburg,Düsseldorf,Bonn,Cologne,Karlsruhe,Potsdam,Berlin,Leipzig andMunich have.[106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124] Germany is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Greece | Partial + Member EU-CED | Greece is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Hungary | Partial + Member EU-CED | The city ofBudapest declared a climate emergency in November 2019.[125] Hungary is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Ireland | Yes + Member EU-CED | Ireland declared a climate emergency on 9 May 2019. Ireland is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Italy | Yes + Member EU-CED | Italy has declared a climate emergency; additionally, 28 local jurisdictions have, includingAcri (29 April 2019),[126] the town ofMilano,[127] theMetropolitan City of Naples (May 2019)[128] and the town ofLucca.[129][130] Italy is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Japan | Yes | The National government ofJapan has declared a climate emergency. Additionally, a few local jurisdictions have including the prefecture ofNagano (December 2019),[131] the cities ofIki[132][133] andKamakura[134] have declared a climate emergency. |
 Latvia | Partial + Member EU-CED | Latvia is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Lithuania | Partial + Member EU-CED | Lithuania is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Luxembourg | Partial + Member EU-CED | Luxembourg is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Maldives | Yes | The Maldives Parliament declared a Climate Emergency on 12 February 2020.[135][73] |
 Malta | Yes + Member EU-CED | Malta is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Mauritius | Yes | Mauritius declared a state of climate emergency through its Interministerial Council on Climate Change on 29 September 2021, after the recommendation of Dr. Zaheer Allam from the National Youth Environment Council.[49] |
 Netherlands | Partial + Member EU-CED | The National Government of theNetherlands has not declared a climate emergency. However, some local jurisdictions in the Netherlands such as the city ofAmsterdam,[136] Utrecht, Haarlem and the island ofSchouwen-Duiveland[137] have. The Netherlands is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 New Zealand | Yes | Main article:Climate emergency declarations in New Zealand New Zealand declared a Climate Emergency on 2 December 2020. Many local jurisdictions in New Zealand/Aotearoa have also declared climate emergencies includingCanterbury region,[138] and the city ofNelson (16 May 2019);[139]Auckland (11 June 2019);[140] andWellington (20 June 2019).[141] SeeClimate emergency declarations in New Zealand. |
 Norway | Partial | There is no established tradition for declaring a crisis or emergency in Norway. The National Government of Norway has not declared a climate emergency, however the King, Prime Minister and Minister of Climate and Environment have repeatedly stated that the situation is a crisis.[142][143][144] As of 2019, 33 counties and municipalities had declared emergency, but no policy could be linked to the declarations.[145] Some counties and municipalities no longer exist due to a regional reorganisation in 2020. |
 Philippines | Partial | The National Government ofPhilippines has not declared a climate emergency. However, some local jurisdictions in the Philippines such as the Province ofAlbay (2023),[146] the Cities ofBacolod (2019),[147]Catbalogan (2023),[148]Cebu (2019),[149]Makati (2022),[150] andQuezon (2019),[151] and the Municipalities ofTolosa,Leyte,[152] andBauang,La Union (2024)[153] have declared a climate emergency. |
 Poland | Partial + Member EU-CED | The National Government ofPoland has not declared a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions in Poland such as the cities ofWarsaw[154] andKraków[155] have declared a climate emergency. Poland is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Portugal | Yes + Member EU-CED | Portugal is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Romania | Partial + Member EU-CED | Romania is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Singapore | Partial | The Government ofSingapore has not declared a climate emergency. However, the Parliament of Singapore declared on 1 February 2021 that "climate change is a global emergency" as part of a motion calling on the Government to "deepen and accelerate efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and to embrace sustainability in the development of Singapore". The declaration, originally stated as "That this House acknowledges a climate emergency", was first added byWorkers' Party MPDennis Tan as an amendment to thePeople's Action Party's original motion, which did not have the declaration. The declaration was then further amended by PAP MPCheryl Chan to read "That this House acknowledges that climate change is a global emergency and a threat to mankind". The further amendment was accepted by the Worker's Party and passed by the House with universal support.[156][76] |
 Slovakia | Partial + Member EU-CED | The National Government ofSlovakia has not declared a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions in Slovakia such as the city ofZlaté Moravce (18 September 2019)[157] have declared a climate emergency. Slovakia is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Slovenia | Partial + Member EU-CED | Slovenia is a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 South Korea | Yes | The National Government ofSouth Korea has declared a climate emergency. Additionally several local jurisdictions in South Korea such asSouth Chungcheong Province,[158] the city ofIncheon,[159] theSouth Gyeongsang Province,[160] theGwangju,[161] and every primary local government[162] has declared a climate emergency. |
 Spain | Yes + Member EU-CED | Both the National Government and the Parliament ofSpain has declared a climate emergency. Additionally, local jurisdictions in Spain, such as the regions ofCatalonia (7 May 2019),[163]Euskadi,[164]Canary Islands,[165]Balearic Islands,[166] and the cities ofSan Cristóbal de La Laguna,[167]Seville,[168]Castro Urdiales,[169]Zaragoza,Salobreña,Lanzarote,El Rosario,Puerto de la Cruz,[170]Sagunto,[171]Zamora,[172]Madrid,[173]Barcelona[174] andTomelloso[175] have declared a climate emergency. Spain is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Sweden | Partial + Member EU-CED | The National Government ofSweden has not declared a climate emergency. However, local jurisdictions, such as the cities ofLund[176] andMalmö[177] have declared a climate emergency. Sweden is also a member state in the EU, which declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 Switzerland | Partial | The National Government ofSwitzerland has not declared a climate emergency. However, the cantons ofBasel-Stadt,Jura andVaud, and the cities ofLiestal,Olten andDelemont[104] have declared a climate emergency. |
 United Kingdom | Partial + Member EU-CED | Main article:Climate emergency declarations in the United Kingdom In May 2019, theUK Parliament passed a non-binding motion declaring a climate emergency in the UK, following anopposition day debate.Michael Gove, responding for theUK Government, said that "the situation we face is an emergency" and called for cross-party action; but didn't endorse the motion.[178][179] The UK was a member state in the EU at the time that it (the EU) declared a climate emergency on behalf of all represented nations, on 28 November 2019.[79] |
 United States | Partial | In theUnited States: more than 24 towns have declared a climate emergency,[180] most notably, New York City (26 June 2019),[181]Hayward (15 January 2019),San Francisco andChico (2 April 2019).[182]Hawaii became the first U.S. state to declare a climate emergency on 29 April 2021.[78] |
 Vatican City | Yes | Pope Francis declared a state of climate emergency in June 2019 on behalf of the Holy See.[29] |
 Wales | Yes | 1 May 2019: theSenedd passed the declaration made by itsgovernment on 29 April 2019, and became the first parliament in the world to officially declare a climate emergency.[4][5][6] |
![[icon]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aWiki_letter_w_cropped.svg) | This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(November 2024) |
Declaring a climate emergency has been criticized for giving the idea of a need for authoritarian and anti-democratic policies,[183] with critics saying democracy is essential for the long-term success of climate policies.[184]
Additionally, it is seen by some critics as ineffective in combating climate change. They point to psychological impacts, the emphasis on quick short term changes rather than systemic and the lack of plans, targets and resource shifts to back up their declaration as potential problems.[185]
Climate emergency declarations also lead to widespread fear and guilt, which can inhibit action.[186] They can arouse feelings of helplessness or hopelessness that prevent people from pursuing actual solutions, otherwise known aseco-anxiety. People facing such fear are more likely to ignore climate change in an effort to ease those fears or even be pushed into polarized ideology likeclimate denial.[187]While climate emergency declarations are intended to signal urgent action, they have attracted criticism for potentially promoting authoritarian and anti-democratic approaches. Scholars argue that invoking an "emergency" framework may concentrate power in the executive branch, circumventing democratic checks and balances and normal legislative processes.[188] Some environmental theorists associate this with "eco-authoritarianism"—a concept where urgent ecological goals justify reduced civil liberties and increased state control.[189] Critics also note that emergency rhetoric can be used to justify restrictions on free speech and the right to protest, particularly in countries with already fragile democratic institutions.[190] There are concerns that such declarations might enable human rights abuses, especially among marginalized populations like indigenous groups and climate refugees.[191] Some argue that the use of war metaphors, such as calling for a “World War II-style climate mobilization,” risks legitimizing extreme, centralized control.[192]
Furthermore, the psychological effect of constant "emergency" framing can foster anxiety and inaction rather than empowerment.[193] Other critiques highlight the symbolic nature of such declarations, often unaccompanied by concrete policy plans or funding, reducing them to performative gestures.[194] Legal experts also raise alarms about the long-term precedent these emergency powers may set for governments to bypass democratic procedures in future crises.[195] Finally, democratic participation is widely seen as essential for successful climate action, and critics argue that bypassing inclusive debate in the name of urgency may erode public trust and social cohesion.[196]
64% of people said that climate change was an emergency – presenting a clear and convincing call for decision-makers to step up on ambition.
- The highest level of support was in SIDS (Small Island Developing States, 74%), followed by high-income countries (72%), middle-income countries (62%), then LDCs (Least Developed Countries, 58%).
- Regionally, the proportion of people who said climate change is a global emergency had a high level of support everywhere - in Western Europe and North America (72%), Eastern Europe and Central Asia (65%), Arab States (64%), Latin America and Caribbean (63%), Asia and Pacific (63%), and Sub-Saharan Africa (61%).
- Four climate policies emerged as the most popular globally:
1. Conservation of forests and land (54% public support);
2. Solar, wind and renewable power (53%);
3. Climate-friendly farming techniques (52%); and
4. Investing more in green businesses and jobs (50%).
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