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Cleopatra IV

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Queen consort of Egypt from 116-115 BC
Cleopatra IV
Queen consort of Egypt
Tenure116–115 BC
Coronation116 BC
PredecessorNominal co-rulersCleopatra II andCleopatra III as ruling King's wives
SuccessorCleopatra Selene I
Seleucid Queen
Tenure114–112 BC (in opposition to queen consortTryphaena)
Coronation114 BC
Bornc. 138 – 135 BC
Died112 BC (aged 22–26)
Spouse
  • Ptolemy IX(c. 119/118 BC–c. 115 BC)
  • Antiochus IX(married c. 115–12 BC)
Issue
DynastyPtolemaic
FatherPtolemy VIII Physcon
MotherCleopatra III of Egypt

Cleopatra IV (Ancient Greek:Κλεοπάτρα) was Queen ofEgypt briefly from 116 to 115 BC, as first wife ofPtolemy IX Lathyros. She later becamequeen consort of theSeleucid king ofSyria as the wife ofAntiochus IX Cyzicenus.[1][2]

Biography

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Queen of Egypt

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Cleopatra IV was the daughter ofPtolemy VIII Physcon andCleopatra III of Egypt. She was born between 138 and 135 BC. She was the sister ofPtolemy IX,Ptolemy X,Cleopatra Selene I andTryphaena.

Cleopatra IV married her brother Ptolemy IX when he was still a prince in c. 119/118 BC. Cleopatra IV may be the mother ofPtolemy XII Auletes andPtolemy of Cyprus, although an unnamed concubine could be the mother of these two men as well.[1]

In c. 115 BC Cleopatra III forced Cleopatra IV and Ptolemy IX to divorce. She replaced Cleopatra IV with her sister Cleopatra Selene.[3]

According to Tara Sewell-Lasater, becauseCleopatra III held on to power so actively, it does seem she did not allow her daughters, Cleopatra IV andCleopatra Selene I, to be formal co-rulers like herself, and restricted them to the position of consorts.[4]

Cleopatra IV was posthumously added to the list ofdeified Ptolemies as the Thea Philadelphos (= "brother-loving goddess").[5]

Queen of Syria and death

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After her forced divorce, Cleopatra IV fled Egypt and went toCyprus, where she marriedAntiochus IX Cyzicenus and brought him the army of his half brotherSeleucid KingAntiochus VIII Grypus of Syria, which she had convinced to follow her. Grypus fought Cyzicenus and eventually chased him to Antioch. Grypus was married to Cleopatra IV's sister Tryphaena. Tryphaena decided that Cleopatra IV should die and over the protests of her husband summoned some soldiers and had Cleopatra IV murdered in the sanctuary of Daphne in Antioch.[2][6]

In his comprehensive website about Ptolemaic genealogy, Christopher Bennett also notes the possibility that Cleopatra IV, from her brief marriage to Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, may have been the mother of the later Seleucid monarch,Antiochus X Eusebes ("the Pious").[7] Antiochus X would go on to marry Cleopatra IV's younger sister, Cleopatra Selene, thus making him the spouse of a woman who was his stepmother (Selene married both of her sisters' widowers, Grypus and Cyzicenus, before marrying Eusebes) and perhaps his maternal aunt.

Ancestry

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Ancestors of Cleopatra IV
16.Ptolemy III Euergetes
8.Ptolemy IV Philopator
17.Berenice II of Egypt
4.Ptolemy V Epiphanes[2]
18. =16. Ptolemy III Euergetes
9.Arsinoe III of Egypt
19. =17. Berenice II of Egypt
2.Ptolemy VIII Physcon[2]
20.Seleucus II Callinicus
10.Antiochus III the Great
21.Laodice II
5.Cleopatra I of Egypt[2]
22.Mithridates II of Pontus
11.Laodice III
23.Laodice (wife of Mithridates II of Pontus) (Sister of No. 20)
1.Cleopatra IV
24. =8. Ptolemy IV Philopator
12. =4. Ptolemy V Epiphanes[2]
25. =9. Arsinoe III of Egypt
6.Ptolemy VI Philometor[2]
26. =10. Antiochus III the Great
13. =5. Cleopatra I of Egypt[2]
27. =11. Laodice III
3.Cleopatra III of Egypt[2]
28. =8/24. Ptolemy IV Philopator
14. =4/12. Ptolemy V Epiphanes[2]
29. =9/25. Arsinoe III of Egypt
7.Cleopatra II of Egypt[2]
30. =10/26. Antiochus III the Great
15. =5/13. Cleopatra I of Egypt[2]
31. =11/27. Laodice III

See also

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References

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  1. ^abCleopatra IV by Chris Bennett.
  2. ^abcdefghijklAidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004
  3. ^Justin39, 3, 2.
  4. ^Sewell-Lasater, Tara (2020)."Becoming Kleopatra: Ptolemaic Royal Marriage, Incest, and the Path to Female Rule".University of Houston: 416.
  5. ^Bennett, Chris."Cleopatra IV".Egyptian Royal Genealogy.
  6. ^Justin 39, 3, 3-11.
  7. ^Chris Bennett:Arsinoe IV

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toCleopatra IV.
Cleopatra IV
Born: c. 138 – 135 BC Died: 112 BC
Royal titles
Preceded by
Cleopatra II andCleopatra III (as co-ruling royal wives)
Queen consort of Egypt
116–115 BC		Succeeded by
Preceded bySeleucid Queen(Queen Consort of Syria)
114–112 BC
with Tryphaena		Succeeded by
Tryphaena
Period
Dynasty
  • Pharaoh
  • uncertain
Early Dynastic
(3150–2686 BC)
I
II
Old Kingdom
(2686–2181 BC)
III
IV
V
VI
Period
Dynasty
  • Pharaoh
  • uncertain
Middle Kingdom
(2040–1802 BC)
XI
XII
2nd Intermediate
(1802–1550 BC)
XIII
XIV
XVI
XVII
Period
Dynasty
  • Pharaoh
  • uncertain
New Kingdom
(1550–1070 BC)
XVIII
XIX
XX
3rd Intermediate
(1069–664 BC)
XXI
XXII
XXIII
XXV
Period
Dynasty
  • Pharaoh
  • uncertain
Late
(664–332 BC)
XXVI
XXVII
XXXI
Hellenistic
(332–30 BC)
Argead
Ptolemaic
Dynastic genealogies
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