Clemence Dane | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Winifred Ashton 21 February 1888 Blackheath, England |
| Died | 28 March 1965(1965-03-28) (aged 77) London, England |
| Pen name | Clemence Dane |
| Occupation | Novelist, playwright |
| Notable works | Regiment of Women (1914) |
Winifred AshtonCBE, better known by thepseudonymClemence Dane (21 February 1888 – 28 March 1965), was an Englishnovelist andplaywright.
After completing her education, Dane went to Switzerland to work as a French tutor, but returned home after a year. She studied art in London and Germany. After theFirst World War, she taught at a girls' school and began writing. She took the pseudonym "Clemence Dane" from the church,St Clement Danes on theStrand, London.
Her first novel,Regiment of Women, written in 1914, was a study of life in a girls' school.[1] In 1919 she wroteLegend, the story of a group of acquaintances who debate the meaning of a dead friend's life and work. Dane's 1921 play,A Bill of Divorcement, tells the story of a daughter who cares for her deranged father and faces the fact that his mental illness may be hereditary. The smash hit play was adapted for the screen three times, using the same title as the play: asilent film in 1922, a1932 film starringKatharine Hepburn andJohn Barrymore, anda 1940 film starringMaureen O’Hara andAdolphe Menjou.
Dane began writing screenplays as well as novels. In 1933-1934 she travelled to Hollywood on a contract with RKO and returned again in 1937-8 and in 1947 after the war. In England she worked with Alexander Korda. She co-wrote the screenplay forAnna Karenina, starringGreta Garbo andFire Over England based on the novel byA.E.W. Mason, starring a youngLaurence Olivier andVivian Leigh. The pinnacle of Dane's success was winning anAcademy Award withAnthony Pelissier for the filmPerfect Strangers, released in the United States asVacation from Marriage, starringRobert Donat andDeborah Kerr as a married couple transformed by their experiences in the Second World War.[2]
Dane, at the age of 30, was one of the women eligible to vote for the first time under theRepresentation of the People Act 1918. Her opinions onThe Women's Side[3] were published in 1926 and she argued that women should do more with their freedom. She compared the modern girl's choices with the popular gambling card gameSpeculation inJane Austen'sMansfield Park.[4] She wrote forTime and Tide and was a member of theSix Point Group.[5]
Dane's 1931 novelBroome Stages followed the fortunes of an acting family from the time ofQueen Anne to the present.Broome Stages became a surprise bestseller.[1] Dane andHelen de Guerry Simpson, both members of theDetection Club, wrote three detective novels together featuring their creation Sir John Saumarez. The first,Enter Sir John, was filmed byAlfred Hitchcock in 1930 asMurder! and in a German-language version asMary.[6] Dane contributed to the Club's serialsThe Scoop andThe Floating Admiral. Dane's The Arrogant History of White Ben (1939) is adystopian novel set in a politically unstable near future.[7]
Dane's last play,Eighty in the Shade (1959) was written for and starred her friend,Dame Sybil Thorndike. Early in her career, Dane had been on stage under the pseudonym Diana Cortis. She made her a début in H. V. Esmond’s ‘Eliza Comes to Stay’ but gave up to write her first novel in 1914.[8] Years after Dane expressed an interest in returning to acting, and her friendNoël Coward wrote the part of Madame Arcati, the eccentric medium inBlithe Spirit for her.[9] TheNational Portrait Gallery contains two works by Dane, both of Coward. One is an oil painting and the other is a bronze bust. The gallery also contains a portrait of Dane byFrederic Yates.
According toArthur Marshall, she was famous for her indecent, though entirely innocent, remarks. "The physical side of life had passed her by, together with the words, slang and otherwise, that accompany it. Time and again she settled for an unfortunate word or phrase. Inviting Noël Coward to lunch during the war, when food was difficult, she boomed encouragement down the telephone; 'Do come! I've got such a lovely cock.' ('I do wish you'd call it a hen', Noel answered). To use correctly, in a literary sense, the words 'erection', 'tool' and 'spunk' was second nature to her. When wishing to describe herself as being full of life and creative energy, she chose, not really very wisely, the word 'randy'."[10]
In 1955, Dane edited theNovels of Tomorrow series for publisherMichael Joseph. This was a series of science fiction novels featuring such authors asJohn Wyndham,Robert Sheckley, andCyril M. Kornbluth.[11]
Dane also wrote a book on the history ofCovent Garden (where she lived for a number of years) titledLondon has a Garden and published in 1964.
She was awarded theCBE in 1953. By the time of her death in London, on 28 March 1965, Dane had written more than 30 plays and 16 novels.
