Acleaning station is a location where aquatic life congregate to be cleaned by smaller beings. Such stations exist in both freshwater and marine environments, and are used by animals includingfish,sea turtles andhippos.[1]
The cleaning process includes, but is not limited to, the removal ofparasites (both externally and internally) and dead skin from the client's body, and is performed by various smaller animals, includingcleaner shrimp and numerous species ofcleaner fish, especiallywrasses andgobies (Elacatinus spp.).
When a client approaches a cleaning station, they usually open their mouth wide or position their body in such a way as to signal that they wish to be cleaned. The cleaners then remove and eat parasites, dead skin etc. from their skin, even swimming into the mouth andgills of any fish being cleaned. This is a form ofcleaning symbiosis.
It has been hypothesized that predator clients recognize cleaners by specific physical traits, such as the pattern of their skin colors;[2] for example, cleaninggobies tend to exhibit full-body lateral stripes, unlike their non-cleaning counterparts, who tend to exhibit shorter lateral stripes;[2] in the case of fish, cleaners also tend to be smaller due to them usually being juveniles.[2]
Cleaning stations may be associated withcoral reefs, located either on top of a coral head or in a slot between two outcroppings. Other cleaning stations may be located under large clumps of floating seaweed or at an accepted point in a river or lagoon. Cleaning stations are an exhibition ofmutualism.
Cleaner fish also, obviously, affect cultural diversity around coral reefs, since clients with larger home ranges can access and, thus, choose between, a variety of cleaning stations,[3] visitor clients sometimes traveling long distances to a particular cleaning station.[4] On the other hand, cleaning businesses have been damaged by predators disguising as cleaners in order to tear away scales or flesh of a victim.[3]
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