Clay Drewry Blair Jr. (May 1, 1925 – December 16, 1998) was an American journalist and author, best known for his books on military history. Blair wrote some two dozen history books and hundreds of magazine articles that reached a popular audience.
Blair was born inLexington, Virginia.[1]
Blair enlisted in theUnited States Navy in 1943, during World War II.[2] Around 1944, he attendedBasic Enlisted Submarine School followed byQuartermaster Class A School, after which he was assigned toSperry (AS-12), a submarine tender.[2]
During 1945,[2] Blair was posted to thefleet submarineGuardfish (SS-217).[3] He was on that boat's last two war patrols off Japan.[3]
Blair served onGuardfish into 1946, after the war was over, then was discharged from the Navy.[2] His highest rank wasQuartermaster 2nd Class.[2]
Blair attended bothTulane University andColumbia University.[4] He attended the first as a prospective architecture student, but decided instead to go to New York and attend theColumbia School of Journalism.[5] In the end, he did not graduate from either institutions.[5]
Blair later wrote forTime andLife magazines. At Time-Life during the 1950s he coveredthe Pentagon,[4] focusing on issues of national security and nuclear weapons policy.[3][6]
Over the years, Blair worked for theCurtis Publishing Company as both a correspondent and an editor.[7] In particular, he became editor-in-chief ofThe Saturday Evening Post during the early 1960s.[3] During his stint there, he made an emphasis of publishing exclusive reports but also faced a series of libel suits, at least one of which was successful.[3] Beginning in 1962, Blair was also in editorial charge of all of Curtis Publishing's other magazines in addition to thePost, and held the titles of executive vice president and director.[4] He departed Curtis Publishing in 1964 during a struggle for control of the company.[3]
Following that, he became a full-time freelance writer.[8] He lived inWisconsin but often travelled to various locations to research materials for his books.[8]
He was for many years married to Joan Blair, who co-wrote some of his books.[3] Prior to that marriage he was married to Agnes Kemp Devereux Blair, with whom he had seven children. That marriage resulted in a divorce.[4]
One of Blair's first books,The Hydrogen Bomb: The Men, The Menace, The Mechanism (1954), was co-written withTime's Washington bureau chief,James R. Shepley, and provoked considerable controversy at the time with its charges that the U.S. development of thehydrogen bomb had been intentionally delayed by some scientists led byJ. Robert Oppenheimer and that theLos Alamos Laboratory had been infiltrated by Communists.[3][9] While the book was positively reviewed across a large number of newspapers and magazines at the time of publication,[10] several scientists who had worked at Los Alamos on the bomb's development soon issued statements refuting its narrative.[11] Interviews conducted during the mid-to-late-1950s (but not published until many decades later) showed almost no scientists speaking well of the book, even those portrayed favorably within it.[12] Subsequent scholarship has established that the Shepley and Blair account was largely inaccurate and was guided by stark H-bomb proponent, and Oppenheimer antagonist,Lewis Strauss.[13]
Blair later earned trust as a collaborator when he assisted GeneralOmar Bradley in the writing of his autobiography,A General's Life (1983),[6] published after the general's death.
Blair's history of theKorean War,The Forgotten War: America in Korea, 1950–1953 (1987) is considered one of the definitive historical works on the war.[citation needed] This work was notable for its criticism of senior American political and military leaders. Blair criticizes PresidentHarry S. Truman and hisSecretary of Defense,Louis A. Johnson, for failing to maintain the military's readiness in the years immediately following World War II. His history, while comprehensive, primarily employs a top-down perspective, with less emphasis on individual soldiers than on larger operational issues and the perspectives of general and field-grade officers. He has also been criticized by some historians for not making sufficient use of Communist sources.[14]
Blair also wrote extensively on the submarine war of World War II, notably in the bestsellingSilent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War Against Japan (1975), considered the definitive work on the Pacific submarine war.[15][16][17][18]
Silent Victory was also Blair's most popular book.[4] It, and several other of this works, were selected by various kinds of book of the month clubs, a target audience that was aimed at by Blair and his wife.[5]
Blair's last books wereHitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters, 1939–1942 (1996), followed byHitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted, 1942–1945 (1998). The first of these was criticized by Gary E. Weir of theU.S. Naval Historical Center.[19] Weir pointed out the lack of footnotes in the text, Blair's inability to read German and dependence on translations, his failure to consult theGerman Federal Military Archives or Michael Salawski's bookDie deutsche Seekriegsleitung, 1935–1945 as well as his "painfully obvious bias in favor of the U.S. Navy, and expressions of stereotypical sarcasm aimed at the French and Italians."[20] Weir said that Blair "missed the point" by failing to appreciate the "technically and strategically revolutionary" nature of theType XXI U-boat and preferring to focus on "solvable engineering problems".[21] Weir dismissed Blair's fundamental assumptions and theses on the German Navy as primitive and anachronistic and calledHitler's U-Boat War a "handicapped chronicle".[22]
Blair also published fiction, such asPentagon Country (1970).[4] His novels tended to have military settings and focus on themes of ambition and hypocrisy.[4]
Blair died of a heart attack in 1998 at age 73 onWashington Island, Wisconsin.[8]
Source:Virtual Exhibits: Clay Blair, Jr.
Clay Blair Jr.'s book is considered the definitive account of American submarine operations in the Pacific during World War II.
...Clay Blair, author of the definitive and exhaustive history,Silent Victory.
The definitive study of the submarine war is Clay Blair Jr.,Silent Victory: The US Submarine War Against Japan.
Clay Blair's definitive study of submarine operations.
