Theclassification of Indian cities is a ranking system used by theGovernment of India to allocate House Rent Allowance (HRA) to public servants employed in cities inIndia. HRA is also used by theIndian Revenue Service (IRS) to provideincome tax exemptions. Cities are classified on the basis of their population, as recommended by the Sixth Central Pay Finance.[1] Under the latest HRA city ranking scheme, most popular media and culture considers only Tier-X cities to be metropolitan in nature. These eight cities are considered India's "metros".
Under the recommendation of the Seventh Central Pay Commission, the CCA classification was abolished in 2008. The earlier HRA classification of cities was changed from A-1 to X; A, B-1, and B-2 to Y; and C and unclassified cities to Z.[2][3][4] X, Y, and Z are more commonly known as Tier-1,Tier-2, and Tier-3 cities, respectively. There are eight X cities and ninety-seven Y cities.
On the basis of the 2011 census, two cities —Pune andAhmedabad — were upgraded from Y to X and twenty one cities from Z to Y on 1 April 2014.[5][6][7]
The cities were classified as follows before the Sixth Central Pay Commission's recommendations were followed in 2008.[8] This classification was initially based on the recommendations of theFifth Central Pay Commission of India in 1997.[8] New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai were classified as A-1 cities.[9] City statuses were later revised based on the results of the 2001Census of India.[8] Hyderabad was upgraded from A to A-1 status on 31 August 2007, and the same with Bangalore on 21 September 2007.[9] The CCA classification was abolished in 2008.
Under the older HRA classification, most popular media and culture considered only A-1 cities to be metropolitan in nature, therefore India's "metros".
TheReserve Bank of India (RBI) classifies centres into six tiers based on population.[11] The tables below show the classification.
| Population classification | Population (2001 Census) |
|---|---|
| Tier-1 | 100,000 and above |
| Tier-2 | 50,000 to 99,999 |
| Tier-3 | 20,000 to 49,999 |
| Tier-4 | 10,000 to 19,999 |
| Tier-5 | 5,000 to 9,999 |
| Tier-6 | less than 5,000 |
| Population classification | Population (2001 Census) |
|---|---|
| Rural centre | up to 9,999 |
| Semi-urban centre | 10,000 to 99,999 |
| Urban centre | 100,000 to 999,999 |
| Metropolitan centre | 1,000,000 and above |
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