| Clan Macfie | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Crest: A demi lion rampant Proper | |||
| Motto | Pro rege (For the King) | ||
| Profile | |||
| Region | Highlands | ||
| District | Colonsay | ||
| Plant badge | Scots fir, oak or crowberry | ||
| Clan Macfie no longer has a chief, and is anarmigerous clan | |||
| Historic seat | Dùn Eibhinn[1] | ||
| Last Chief | Malcolm Macfie of Colonsay | ||
| Died | 1623[2] | ||
| Commander | Ian McPhee of Halifax.[3] | ||
| |||
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Clan Macfie is aHighlandsScottish Clan.
Since 1981, the clan has been officially registered with theCourt of the Lord Lyon,[2] which is theheraldic authority ofScotland.
The clan is considered anarmigerous clan because even though the clan is recognised by the Court of the Lord Lyon, it is currently without achief recognised by theLord Lyon King of Arms, the judge of the Court of the Lord Lyon.[4]
The official clan nameMacfie is derived from theCommon GaelicMac Dhuibhshíthe (modernScottish GaelicScottish Gaelic:MacDhubhShìth.[dubious –discuss] This Gaelicpatronymic name has beenAnglicised into various forms, many of which are consideredassociated names of the clan. The clan has a long history with the islands ofColonsay andOronsay in the ScottishInner Hebrides,[5] and today many monuments to variouslairds and churchmen of the clan are found on these islands.
The 19th centuryhistorianW. F. Skene named the clan as one of the seven clans ofSiol Alpin—who according to Skene could all trace their ancestry back toAlpin, father ofCináed mac Ailpín.[5]
Little is known of the early history of the clan. However, is certain that the clan served under theLords of the Isles—descendants ofSomerled, who ruled theHebrides from the 14th century to the late 16th century.[5] Following the forfeiture of the Lordship of the Isles in the late 15th century, the clan still attached itself to powerful Macdonalds. In the early 17th century the last chief of the clan was executed as Colonsay was lost to the control of a Macdonald. Without a chief of their own to control their home lands the clan was considered a leaderless "broken clan". From this point on the Macfies followed the Macdonalds of Islay, though a branch of the clan was dispersed to lands controlled byClan Cameron.[6] In the early 19th century Ewen Macphee became a notorious outlaw, "revered and feared by locals and despised by the authorities".[7] Today the modern Clan Macfie is alive with nine associated clan societies located around the world.[2]
The 19th-century historian W. F. Skene, stated that members of Clan Macfie were the ancient inhabitants of Colonsay. He also wrote that the clan was one of the seven clans ofSiol Alpin, and that "their genealogy, which is preserved in the manuscript of 1450, evinces their connexion by descent with theMacgregors andMackinnons".[5] The seven clans of Siol Alpin could, according to Skene, trace their descent from Alpin, father of the traditional first King of Scots:Cináed mac Ailpín. However, even while stating all this, he wrote that there was nothing known about the early history of Clan Macfie.[5] Over a century after Skene,W. D. H. Sellar wrote that according to later Gaelic tradition, Dubside, ancestor of Clan Macfie,fosteredAonghas Mór,Lord of Islay (Sellar describes Aonghas Mór as the firstMacDonald).[8]
Martin, in hisA Description of the Western Isles of Scotland of 1703, wrote that on the south side of the church ofSt. Columba on Oronsay, were the tombstones ofMacDuffie (orMacfie, a former chief of the clan) and thecadets of his family.[11] The principal stone bore the engraving of abirlinn, two handedclaymore and the inscription "Hic jacit Malcolumbus MacDuffie de Collonsay" ("Here lies Malcolumbus MacDuffie of Colonsay").[11] The burial place of the Macfies was a small chapel, on the south side of the church on Oronsay.[12] Another stone is for Sir Donald MacDuffie, who was abbot of Oronsay whenDonald Munro, High Dean of the Isles, toured theWestern Isles in 1549.[12]
According to a manuscript, written in the 17th century, pertaining to the coronation of theLords of the Isles, and theCouncil of the Isles, "MacDuffie, or MacPhie of Colonsay, kept the records of the Isles".[2][13] In 1463 Macfie of Colonsay was a member of the Council of the Isles,[9] listed as Donald Macduffie, a witness to a charter byJohn of Islay, Earl of Ross, the last Lord of the Isles, dated 12 April at the Earl's castle ofDingwall.[14] After the fall of the Lordship of the Isles the Macfies followed the MacDonalds of Islay.[9] In 1531, the chief of the clan, "Morphe Makphe de Colwisnay", and many other west highland chiefs were cited for treason and summoned to Parliament as supporters of the rebellious Alexander MacDonald of Dunivaig and the Glens.[15] This Macfie chief died in 1539 and his impressive tombstone can still be seen (pictured left).[16]
Donald Munro, High Dean of the Isles, in hisA Description of the Western Isles of Scotland Called Hybrides, in 1549, described the island ofJura as partly controlled byMaclean of Duart,Maclaine of Lochbuie, and Macfie of Colonsay.[note 2] In describing the island of Colonsay, Monro wrote that it had once been held by Macdonald of Kintyre, but was then currently ruled by a "gentle capitane, callit M’Duffyhe" —gentle meaning 'well-born', andcaptain being the old styling of 'chief'.[9][note 3]
By 1587, atrocities committed between warring west highland clans had escalated to such an extent that Parliament devised what is known as theGeneral Band in an effort to quell hostilities. The band was signed by landowners throughout theScottish Highlands,borders and theislands, requiring them to be responsible for the men who lived within their lands. The signing chiefs were required to come up with sureties equal to their wealth and lands for the peaceful conduct of their followers.[18] In it the laird of Colonsay, "M'Fee of Collowsay" (Murdoch Macfie of Colonsay), is listed as one of the landlords in the Scottish highlands and islands wherebroken men (or lawless men) dwelt.[note 4] Despite the Governments actions to secure the peace, about this time Lachlan Mor MacLean of Duart ravaged the MacDonald islands ofIslay andGigha, slaughtering 500–600 men. Maclean of Duart then besieged Angus MacDonald of Dunivaig and the Glens at hisCastle Dunivaig. The siege was only lifted when Macdonald of Dunivaig and the Glens agreed with Maclean of Duart to surrender half of his lands on Islay. However, despite his agreement with the Macleans, Macdonald of Dunivaig and the Glens then invaded the Maclean islands ofMull,Tiree,Coll andLuing. Angus Macdonald of Dunivaig and the Glens was aided in the action by Donald Gorm Mor Macdonald of Sleat and many west highland clans such as theMacdonalds of Clanranald,MacIains of Ardnamurchan,Macleods of Lewis,MacNeills of Gigha,MacAlisters of Loup and also the Macfies of Colonsay. Supporting Maclean of Duart were theMacleods of Harris and Dunvegan,MacNeils of Barra,Mackinnons of Strathrodle and theMacquarries of Ulva.[19]
In 1609, "Donald Mcfie in Collonsaye"[20] was present at the assembly of island chiefs and gentlemen, who met with theBishop of the Isles atIona, when the nineStatutes of Icolmkill were enacted,[12] which were to bring the Western Isles under the control of the Scottish Parliament.
In 1615 Malcolm Macfie of Colonsay supported Sir James Macdonald of Islay,[14] Chief of "Clan Donald South",[9] after Macdonald had escaped fromEdinburgh Castle. Macfie was one of the principal leaders in Macdonald's rebellion against the Government, who had promisedIslay to theCampbells.[14] The combined forces of Macfie and Donald Gigach MacIan, who was the leading man on the nearby isle ofJura, contributed a total of 64 men to the Macdonald rebellion.[21] When Sir James Macdonald's force of 400 men landed in at Kinloch (Campbelton) inKintyre, they were made up in part by the "special men" from Islay, Macfie of Colonsay, Donald Gigach of Jura, Allaster MacRanald of Keppoch, and North Islesmen.[21]
TheEarl of Argyll later secured the submission ofColla Ciotach MacDonald, who was another chief of Clan Donald South. Colla Ciotach then captured Malcolm Macfie of Colonsay, among eighteen others, and handed them over to the Earl of Argyll. Malcolm Macfie, along with another rebel leader, received assurance for their lives by serving on the Government's side against the rebels while in the company of the Earl of Argyll.[21] The Earl, in late 1615, presented the captured to thePrivy Council.[14]
For several years both Colla Ciotach and the Macfie chief lived on Colonsay, with Colla Ciotach residing at Kiloran and Macfie atDùn Eibhinn. During this time the two feuded. Judging by the many hiding places which bear his name, such asleab' fhalaich Mhic a Phì ("MacPhee's Hiding Place"),[22] Macfie was chased from one to another for quite sometime. Finally, in 1623, Malcolm Macfie was chased from Colonsay and pursued to Eilean nan Ròn (south-west of Oronsay). There, on the south-western corner of Eilean nan Ròn, calledan t Eilean Iarach, he was spotted and taken by the MacDonalds. Popular lore has it that the Macfie chief was finally discovered when his hiding place amongst the seaweed was given away by agull. As it hovered over Macfie's position, Colla Ciotach's men were alerted by its cry and spotted the clan chief on a ledge of rock at the edge of the sea.[12] After being apprehended, the chief was then tied to a stone and summarily shot.[2] Colla Ciotach, and several of his followers, appear in the Council Records in 1623 as being accused of killing the Macfie chief.[14] Because of the death of their chief the Macfies finally lost control of Colonsay. The island then passed to the Macdonalds, as Colla Ciotach took the island for himself,[9] and held it peacefully for many years.[12]
The island was later to be absorbed into theearldom of Argyll, until it was sold in 1701 to McNeill or Crear.[23] Without its own chief the clan became a "broken clan" and for the most part followed the Macdonalds of Islay,[24] with Macfies/Macphees making up only a small proportion of the total population of Colonsay.[6] A branch of the clan, after the collapse of the clan, settled inLochaber and followed Cameron of Lochiel, chief ofClan Cameron.[14] A Macfie (a Macphee of Clan Cameron)[25] was one of the twopipers atGlenfinnan, when on 19 August 1745Charles Edward Stuart raised his standard and claimed both the Scottish and English throne in the name of his fatherJames Francis Edward Stuart. The following year Macfies were among the Camerons, who were on the right flank at the Jacobite Army at theBattle of Culloden.[2]
A well-known character inInverness-shire, in the 19th century, was a Ewan Macphee who lived as an outlaw. Described as Scotland's last outlaw, he recognised no landowner, stole sheep, and raised a family upon a small island.[27][28][29][30] Ewan Macphee was a young man when he was enlisted by his landlord into a Highland Regiment of theBritish Army.[27] Macphee was said to have been an able soldier but he soon deserted the Army and fled to his native Glengarry, where he hid living in Feddan with his sister.[31][32] For the Fedden in Glengarry,www.clan-cameron.org states "'Crevice Through Which the Winds Blows'. Site of a croft which sat right on a disputed Cameron-Glengarry boundary line, just below Meall an Tagraidh. The elderly woman who lived here managed to divert a stream each time either the Cameron or Glengarry men came to collect the rent. She managed to avoid paying rent for years, claiming her home was on the other side of the boundary stream".[33] His Regiment then sent a troop of soldiers to arrest him fordesertion, though just as Macphee was about to be takenhandcuffed aboard asteamer at Corpach, he managed to escape and fled his captors.[27] Ewan Macphee lived for two years around the shores ofLoch Arkaig before building abothy on a small island inLoch Quoich, which has since born his name:Eilen Mhic Phee (translation fromScottish Gaelic: "MacPhee's island").[27][28] Macphee then took for his wife a fourteen-year-old girl, who lived across the hill in Glen Dulochan.[27] As time passed Macphee was feared and looked upon by the poor inhabitants of theglen as aseer. Macphee believed himself to have supernatural powers, he weaved charms and cattle were brought to him to be cured.[27] As the years past neighbouring shepherds finally decided to put an end to Macphee's sheep stealing, and the sheriff sent two officers to confront Macphee.[27] As the officers rowed to his island they were fired upon by Macphee's wife and the officers fled.[27] A week later an armed party was then sent and Ewan Macphee was finally arrested and taken to prison, where he eventually died.[27]
In 1864, the first Macfies to havecoats of arms registered in thePublic Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland were Robert Macfie of Langhouse and Airds and Robert Andrew Macfie of Dreghorn—two highly successful businessmen in thesugar industry.[2][note 5] Theheraldic crest within the clan'screst badge is actually derived from the heraldic crest on the coat of arms of Robert Andrew Macfie of Dreghorn.[2] In 1968, Earle Douglas MacPhee ofVancouver,British Columbia,Canada started a movement to have the Clan Macfie officially registered with the Lord Lyon King of Arms.[2] On 10 May 1977, the Macfie Standing Stone on Balaruminmore on Colonsay was dedicated as a memorial to the last chief of the clan, who was executed against it in 1623.[2] In May 1981, Clan Macfie was formally recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms and later in November of that year, Earle MacPhee was appointed asCommander of Clan Macfie by the Lord Lyon King of Arms.[2] Following Earle MacPhee's death in 1982,Alexander (Sandy) Carpendale McPhie ofAustralia was appointed by the Lord Lyon King of Arms as Commander of Clan Macfie on 7 September 1989.[2][35] In March 2008, the Lord Lyon gave permission for Clan Macfie to convene anad hocderbhfine to choose a successor to McPhie,[36] who had by then decided to step down.[37] Iain Morris McFie was chosen to petition the Lord Lyon, and on doing so was later appointed as Commander of Clan Macfie.[36]
![Arms of the Macfie Clan Commander Iain Morris McFie of Coulintyre.[38]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aMcFie_of_Coulintyre_arms.svg)
![Arms of the previous Macfie Clan Commander A. C. (Sandy) McPhie of Townsville.[39]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aMcPhie_of_Townsville_arms.svg)
![Arms of Macfie of Dreghorn, Edinburgh.[40]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aMacfie_of_Dreghorn_arms.svg)
![Arms of Macfie of Langhouse, Renfrewshire, and of Airds, Argyll.[40]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aMacfie_of_Langhouse_arms.svg)
Today there are nine clan societies associated with Clan Macfie. The societies are located around the world inAustralia,Canada,New Zealand, Scotland,Sweden, and theUnited States of America.[2]
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The origin of nameMacfie(and its variations) is from theGaelicMac Dhuibhshíthe, which means "son ofDuibhshíth".[41] This Gaelicpersonal name is composed of two elements:dubh ("black") +síth ("peace").[41] An early bearer of this personal name is recorded in theAnnals of Ulster. ThisDub Sidhe (Dubshidhe) was listed being thelector of themonastic community atIona in the year 1164.[42][note 6] The nameMacfie(and its variations) is rendered asMac a' Phì in modern Scottish Gaelic.[34]
According to a passage in theCarmina Gadelica, which was a collection of Gaelic folkloric poems from 1855 to 1910, there was a family onNorth Uist which was known asDubh-sith (translation from Gaelic: "black fairy"), "from a tradition that the family have been familiar with the fairies in their fairy flights and secret migrations".[44] This family were the North Uist MacCuishes, who also for a time, commonly boreDubhsith as agiven name.[45] There were never many MacCuishes on theUists, and after a timeDubhsith ceased to be used as a given name there, though it carried on inCape Breton,Nova Scotia, Canada, taking the forms ofDushie,Duffus and evenDavid.[45] These MacCuishes (of North Uist andSkye) are consideredsepts ofClan Donald.[note 7]
In the early 19th century, Skene found and transcribed a 15th-century Gaelic manuscript which gave the genealogies of many Highland clans. He first published his transcriptions and translations of it in the early 19th centuryCollectanea de Rebus Albanicis, and later with revisions in the late 19th century—in his chief workCeltic Scotland. Today the manuscript, which Skene namedMS 1450 and laterMS 1467, is stored in theNational Library of Scotland. The manuscript was written by Dubhghall Albanach mac mhic Cathail, in 1467 at Ballybothy,County Tipperary.[47] The following is Skene's versions of the genealogy attributed to the chiefs of Clan Macfie in the manuscript; first as inCollectanea de Rebus Albanicis secondly as inCeltic Scotland.
Donald, Niell, and Malcolm the three sons of Gillespic son of ...... son of Gilchrist son of Malcolm son of Dugald mor son of Duffie son of Murdoch son of Finlay the rash, son of Murdoch son of Ferchar son of Cormac son ofOirbertaigh son ofFerchar fada son of Feredach.[48]
— Collectanea de rebus albanicis
Donald and Niall and Malcolm the three sons of, Gillespic son of, Gillchrist son of, Malcolm son of, Dougall mor son of, Dubshithe son of, Murdoch son of, Finlaech cas son of, Murdoch son of, Ferchard son of, Cormac son of,Airbertach son of,Feradach.[49]
— Celtic Scotland
According to Skene inCollectanea de Rebus Albanicis, the Donald first mentioned may be the Donald MacDuffie who is recorded as witnessing a charter by John, Earl of Ross and Lord of the Isles in 1463.[48] InCeltic Scotland, Skene thought it was possible the mentioned Duffie/Dubshithe was identical to the lector of Iona recorded in 1164 within the Irish annals.[50]
Scottish crest badges are used by clan members to show their allegiance to their clan and chief. Much like clantartans, crest badges owe their popularity toVictorianromanticism. Crest badges areheraldic badges which usually contain theheraldic crest of the clan chief, encircled with a buckle containing the chief'sheraldic motto. However, in the case of Clan Macfie, which does not have a chief, the crest badge is derived from the coat of arms of Macfie of Dreghorn, who was one of the first Macfies to register a coat of arms in thePublic Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland.[2] The crest badge of Clan Macfie contains as a crest:ademi lion rampant, proper.[34] The motto which encircles the crest is:pro rege, which translated fromLatin means "for the king".[34]
Although today crest badges are more commonly used by clan members, the original badges worn by clansmen were plant badges or clan badges. Clan badges consisted of plants which were worn on abonnet or attached to a pole or spear. There have been several clan badges attributed to Clan Macfie, and the clans shares the use of them with several associated clans. Clan badges attributed to Clan Macfie include:scots pine (Scottish Gaelic:giuthas), attributed to all seven of the clans of Siol Alpin;oak (Scottish Gaelic:darag), also attributed to Clan Cameron;[51]crowberry (Scottish Gaelic:dearca fithich), also attributed toClan Maclean and Clan Cameron.[2][51][52]
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The clan's official "Clan Macfie Tartan" was registered in the Books of the Court of the Lord Lyon King of Arms on 29 August 1991. It is possible the tartan may date back to about the time of the first Macfie coats of arms were registered in the mid 19th century.[2] However, it was first recorded in 1906, in Johnston'sThe Tartans of the Clans and Septs of Scotland.[53] The tartan is very similar to theMacIver tartan – swapping the colourgreen for the MacIverblack. However, it has been said that the colours (red,green andyellow) and the general appearance of the Macfie tartan are similar to the Cameron tartan, and that it may allude to the dependence on Clan Cameron of several Macfies after the collapse of their clan.[24] The Clan Cameron Association considers the surnamesMacPhee,MacFie andMacVee as asept (members, or followers) of Clan Cameron.[54]
Today there are many variations of the clan nameMacfie, meaning "son ofDuibhshíth". People who bear such surnames are considered members of the clan.[2] Clan Macfie also has historical links with other clans, such as Clan Cameron. As already stated, several members of Clan Macfie emigrated to lands controlled by Clan Cameron in the 17th century, and that Clan Cameron considers certain variations ofMacfie as septs of theirs.[54] There may be also a link between Clan Macfie and the MacNichols of Glenorchy. These MacNichols are considered a sept ofClan Campbell. The origin of the MacNichols of Glenorchy and Glenshira is unknown.Niall Campbell, 10th Duke of Argyll maintained they were originally MacNaughtons of Dunderave. However, local tradition had it that they were originally MacPhees, descended from Nicol MacPhee who left the Cameron controlled Lochaber region in the 16th century. According to Somerled MacMillan, there were recently (1971) many MacNichols in Lochaber who were supposed to descend from the members of Clan Macfie. Though they were to have held lands in the Lochaber area since before 1493.[55]
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