The church was built in 1801 in theGeorgian style of architecture for theZion English Lutheran Church.,[4] a Lutheran congregation that subsequently converteden masse to theProtestant Episcopal Church. The church then became known asZion Protestant Episcopal Church. It was rebuilt after a major fire in 1815 which gutted the church and 35 dwellings in the surroundingFive Points neighborhood. The church was rebuilt thanks to the effort of congregation memberPeter Lorillard.[5][6]
The Episcopal congregation sold the building in 1853 to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, which transferred to this building the congregation of the "Church of the Transfiguration" which was then located on Chambers Street.
The Church of the Transfiguration had its origins in 1827, when the Rev.Felix Varela y Morales purchased the former Episcopalian "Christ Church" on Ann Street to serve as a home for the fourth Catholic parish established on Manhattan. When the building on Ann Street became unsafe to use, in 1836 Father Varela purchased a former Scottish Presbyterian church on Chambers Street, renaming it the "Church of the Transfiguration", and his congregation moved there. The congregation had outgrown its Chambers Street church by 1853, leading to the purchase by the (then)Roman Catholic Diocese of New York of the larger church building on Mott Street to serve as a new home for the parish.[9] The parish therefore has the unusual history not only of having been located in three different locations in the city, but each time having as its home a building originally built as a Protestant church.
Over the years it has continued to serve theIrish,Italian and more recentlyChinese immigrant communities.[10]
Today, this parish serves an almost entirely Chinese congregation. It offers Sunday masses in English, Cantonese and Mandarin, and has a Catholic School open to all religions. The Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers who staff the parish belong to an order that has historical roots in overseas missions to China in particular and the entire world in general. Because the Maryknoll Order is dedicated to overseas mission, this Chinese Roman Catholic Parish has the unique designation as the only parish that is entirely staffed by Maryknollers.[11] Among its pastors was BishopJohn W. Comber, M.M. (1967–1969), a Maryknoll Missionary who had served inFushun.[12]
Transfiguration School is the Catholic parochial school linked to the Church of the Transfiguration. It was founded in 1832 by Varela and became open to children of all faiths in 1969.[8]
The school has high academic standards and won theNational Blue Ribbon Schools Award in 2011. Focusing on expansion, the school has launched a five-year campaign that will end in 2016. By that time, there will be a student body of 700 across three campuses. The campuses are the Early Childhood Campus, Transfiguration Lower School, and Transfiguration Upper School. Transfiguration Lower School is the school connected to the Church of the Transfiguration. Transfiguration Upper School's current campus wasSt. James Elementary School's former campus, where New York State governorAl Smith received his only education.[13]
In 1967St. Joachim's Church onRoosevelt Street, which was founded in 1888 by theScalabrini Fathers, was demolished to make way for a city housing development onPark Row. The parish was merged with the nearbySt. Joseph's Church, founded around 1923, also by the Scalabrini Fathers.[14] In 2007,St. James Parish on James Street, established in 1835, merged with the nearby Parish of St. Joseph to create the combined Parish of St. Joseph/St. James. In 2015 St. Joseph/St. James was merged with the Church of the Transfiguration.
Media related toChurch of the Transfiguration, Roman Catholic (Manhattan) at Wikimedia Commons
