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Chromium(III) fluoride

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Chromium(III) fluoride
Names


IUPAC name Chromium(III) fluoride
Other names Chromium trifluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7788-97-8^Y 16671-27-5 (trihydrate) 123333-98-2 (tetrahydrate)
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	8329529^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.216
PubChem CID	10154021
RTECS number	GB6125000
UNII	YK57ASE6UA^Y
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)	DTXSID10880971
InChI InChI=1S/Cr.3FH/h;31H/q+3;;;/p-3^Y Key: FTBATIJJKIIOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-K^Y InChI=1/Cr.3FH/h;31H/q+3;;;/p-3 Key: FTBATIJJKIIOTP-DFZHHIFOAR
SMILES [Cr+3].[F-].[F-].[F-]
Properties
Chemical formula	CrF₃
Molar mass	108.9913 g/mol (anhydrous) 163.037 g/mol (trihydrate) 181.05 g/mol (tetrahydrate)
Appearance	green crystalline solid
Density	3.8 g/cm³ (anhydrous) 2.2 g/cm³ (trihydrate)
Melting point	1,100 °C (2,010 °F; 1,370 K) (sublimes)
Solubility in water	negligible (anhydrous) sparingly soluble (trihydrate)
Solubility	Insoluble inalcohols Soluble inHF,HCl
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	+4370.0·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	Rhombohedral,hR24
Space group	R-3c, No. 167
Hazards
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD₅₀ (median dose)	150 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)^[2]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 1 mg/m³^[1]
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 mg/m³^[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	250 mg/m³^[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Chromium(III) fluoride is aninorganic compound with thechemical formulaCr F₃. It forms severalhydrates. The compoundCrF₃ is a green crystalline solid that is insoluble in common solvents, but the hydrates[Cr(H₂O)₆]F₃ (violet) and[Cr(H₂O)₆]F₃·3H₂O (green) are soluble in water. The anhydrous formsublimes at 1100–1200 °C.^[3]

Structures

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Like almost all compounds of chromium(III), these compounds featureoctahedral Cr centres. In the anhydrous form, the six coordination sites are occupied by fluorideligands that bridge to adjacent Cr centres. In the hydrates, some or all of the fluoride ligands are replaced by water.^[4]

Production

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Chromium(III) fluoride is produced from the reaction ofchromium(III) oxide andhydrofluoric acid:^[5]

Cr₂O₃ + 6 HF + 9 H₂O → 2 [Cr(H₂O)₆]F₃

The anhydrous form is produced fromhydrogen fluoride andchromic chloride:^[6]

CrCl₃ + 3 HF → CrF₃ + 3 HCl

Another method of synthesis ofCrF₃ involvesthermal decomposition of[NH₄]₃[CrF₆] (ammonium hexafluorochromate(III)):

[NH₄]₃[CrF₆] → CrF₃ + 3 NH₃ + 3 HF

A mixed valence compoundCr₂F₅ (chromium(II,III) fluoride) is also known.^[7]

Uses

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Chromium(III) fluoride finds some applications as amordant intextiles and as acorrosion inhibitor. Chromium(III) fluoridecatalyzes thefluorination ofchlorocarbons byHF.^[8]^[9]

References

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^^a ^b ^cNIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards."#0141".National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^"Chromium(III) compounds [as Cr(III)]".Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations.National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
^Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997).Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.).Butterworth-Heinemann.doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6.ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^F.H. Herbstein, M. Kapon and G.M. Reisner, "Crystal structures of chromium(III) fluoride trihydrate. Structural chemistry of hydrated transition metal fluorides. Thermal decomposition of chromium(III) fluoride nonhydrate" Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 1985, volume 171, pp. 209
^Gerd Anger, Jost Halstenberg, Klaus Hochgeschwender, Christoph Scherhag, Ulrich Korallus, Herbert Knopf, Peter Schmidt, Manfred Ohlinger, "Chromium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005.doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_067
^Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann.ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
^Sturm. B.J. Phase Equilibria in the System Chromium(II)Fluoride-Chromium(III) Fluoride. Inorg. Chem., 1962, 1 (3), pp 665–672
^Mallikarjuna R. V. N.; Subramanian M. A. Fluoroolefin Manufacturing U.S. Patent 6,031,14, August 6, 1998; n.a.
^Ruh R. P.; Davis R. A. Proceess for Fluorinating Aliphatic Halohydrocarbons with a Chromium Fluoride catalyst and process for preparing the catalyst. U.S. Patent 2,745,886,May 15, 1956; n.a.