After years working as a stand-up comedian and appearing in minor film roles includingBeverly Hills Cop II (1987), Rock gained prominence as a cast member on theNBCsketch comedy seriesSaturday Night Live from 1990 to 1993. While atSNL, he appeared in the filmsNew Jack City (1991) andBoomerang (1992). In 1993, he appeared inCB4, which he also wrote and produced. He reached mainstream stardom withBring the Pain in 1996. Rock continued making specials which includeBigger & Blacker (1999),Never Scared (2004),Kill the Messenger (2008),Tamborine (2018), andSelective Outrage (2023). He developed, wrote, produced and narrated the sitcomEverybody Hates Chris (2005–2009), which was based on his early life. From 1997 to 2000 HBO aired his talk showThe Chris Rock Show.
Rock was born inAndrews, South Carolina, on February 7, 1965.[2] Shortly after his birth, his parents moved to theCrown Heights neighborhood ofBrooklyn, New York. A few years later, they relocated and settled in theworking class area ofBedford–Stuyvesant.[3] His mother, Rosalie (née Tingman), was a teacher and social worker for people withdevelopmental disabilities; his father, Julius Rock, was a truck driver and newspaper deliveryman.[4] Julius died in 1988 afterulcer surgery.[2]
Rock is the eldest of his parents' seven children (six boys and one girl),[5] and he had an older paternal half-brother, Charles Ledell Rock, who died in 2006 after suffering from alcoholism.[6][7] Rock's younger brothersTony,[8] Kenny,[9] and Jordan[10] are also in the entertainment business.
Rock wasbused to schools in predominantly white neighborhoods of Brooklyn, where he endured bullying and beatings from white students.[15][16][17] As he grew older, the bullying worsened and Rock's parents pulled him out ofJames Madison High School.[17] He dropped out of high school altogether, but he later earned aGeneral Educational Development (GED). Rock then worked various jobs at fast-food restaurants includingRed Lobster.[15][16][18]
Rock began working as a stand-up comic during 1984 in New York City'sCatch a Rising Star.[15] Upon seeing his act at a nightclub,Eddie Murphy befriended and mentored the aspiring comic. Murphy gave Rock his first film role and big break inBeverly Hills Cop II (1987).[19] Rock rose up the ranks of the comedy circuit in addition to earning bit roles in the filmI'm Gonna Git You SuckaWITH DAMON WAYANS (1988) and the TV seriesMiami Vice.
With plans to leaveSaturday Night Live after the1992–93 season, Rock was effectively "fired" from the show.[23][24] Beginning that fall, he appeared in six episodes of the predominantly African American sketch showIn Living Color as a special guest star.[25] The show was canceled a month after he arrived.[23] Rock then wrote and starred in the low-budget comedyCB4, which made $18 million against its budget of $6 million.[26] He signed on as client of3 Arts Entertainment.[27]
Rock headlined his firstHBO comedy special in 1994, titledBig Ass Jokes, as part ofHBO Comedy Half-Hour. His second special, 1996'sBring the Pain, made Rock one of the most acclaimed and commercially successful comedians in the industry.[28][29] Rock won twoEmmy Awards for the special and gained large critical acclaim.[30] A controversial part of the special was "Niggas vs. Black People".[30]For his much-publicized role as a commentator forComedy Central'sPolitically Incorrect during the1996 Presidential elections,[28] he earned another Emmy nomination.[31] Rock also was the voice for the "Lil Penny" puppet who was the alter ego to basketball starPenny Hardaway in a series ofNike shoe commercials from 1994 to 1998,[28] and hosted the '97 MTV Video Music Awards.Rock's first music video was for his song "Your Mother's Got a Big Head" from his albumBorn Suspect. Rock also made videos for his songs "Champagne" fromRoll With the New and "No Sex (In the Champagne Room)" fromBigger & Blacker.[32]
Rock later had two moreHBO comedy specials:Bigger & Blacker in 1999, andNever Scared in 2004. Articles relating to both specials called Rock "the funniest man in America" inTime[33] andEntertainment Weekly.[34] HBO also aired his talk show,The Chris Rock Show, which gained critical acclaim for Rock's interviews with celebrities and politicians. The show won an Emmy for writing. His television work has won him a total of threeEmmy Awards and 15 nominations.[35] By the end of the decade, Rock was established as one of the preeminent stand-up comedians and comic minds of his generation. During this time, Rock also translated his comedy into print form in the bookRock This! and released theGrammy Award-winning comedy albums,Roll with the New,Bigger & Blacker andNever Scared. Rock's fifth HBO special,Kill the Messenger, premiered on September 27, 2008, and won him another Emmy for outstanding writing for a variety or music program.[36]
In September 2005, theUPN television network premiered a comedy series calledEverybody Hates Chris, loosely based on Rock's school days, for which he was the executive producer and narrator. The show garnered both critical and ratings success.[37] The series was nominated for a 2006Golden Globe for Best TV Series (Musical or Comedy), a 2006People's Choice Award for Favorite New Television Comedy, and two 2006Primetime Emmy Awards for costuming and cinematography.[38][39][40]
In 2009, Rock released his first documentary, 2009'sGood Hair. The film focuses on the issue of how African-American women have perceived theirhair and historically styled it. The film explores the current styling industry for black women, images of what is considered acceptable and desirable for African American women's hair in the United States, and their relation toAfrican American culture. The film premiered at the 2009Sundance Film Festival where it earned critical acclaim and received a Special Jury Prize. TheNational Board of Review named it one of the five best documentaries of the year. Rock was also nominated for theGotham Award for Best Documentary and for theBest Documentary Screenplay from theWriters Guild of America.[41] Rock has since stated working on a documentary about debt calledCredit Is the Devil.[42]
In 2011, Rock appeared on Broadway inStephen Adly Guirgis' playThe Motherfucker with the Hat[44] withBobby Cannavale andAnnabella Sciorra.[44] Rock was nominated for a Drama League Award. In an interview withVibe magazine, Rock stated that he chose to do Broadway because he wanted more people to see him "really act. Sometimes when you do comedy, that can be a little formulaic, and it's hard for really good directors to see that you can act."[45]
In 2014, Rock scripted, directed and starred in the filmTop Five, which critics have drawn comparison toWoody Allen'sStardust Memories (1980). The film is a social commentary on fame and society.[48] The film premiered at the 2014Toronto International Film Festival. Scott Foundas, critic forVariety praised the film writing: "Rock has finally found a big-screen vehicle for himself that comes close to capturing the electric wit, shrewd social observations and deeply autobiographical vein of his standup comedy."[49] InRolling Stone magazine,Peter Travers wrote in his review: "Rock delivers the laughs, big ones, laced with razor-sharp observations on everything from pop culture to racial politics... His confident, prowling wit as a stand-up has finally found its way to the screen, enhanced by a bracing vulnerability.Top Five is Rock's best movie by a mile."[50]
On October 30, 2016,Netflix announced that they would be releasing two new stand-up comedy specials from Rock, with Rock being paid $40 million per special.[52][53][54] The first special,Chris Rock: Tamborine, was released on Netflix on February 14, 2018. It was filmed at theBrooklyn Academy of Music and was directed by comedianBo Burnham. The specials marked the comedian's first concert specials released in 10 years.[55] The special earned aGrammy Award for Best Comedy Album nomination.
In 2024, it was announced that Rock would direct an English language adaptation ofThomas Vinterberg'sAcademy Award-winning filmAnother Round (2020).[62] Rock also wrote and is set to direct the upcoming filmMisty Green, which debuts in November 2024 at theAmerican Film Market.Neon International is handling foreign rights, while CAA Media Finance is responsible for domestic rights.[63][64]
In February 2005, Rock hosted the77th Academy Awards ceremony. The decision to have Rock host the awards was seen by some as a chance to bring an "edge" to the ceremony, and to make it more relevant or appealing to younger audiences. Jokingly, Rock opened by saying"Welcome to the 77th and LAST Academy Awards!" During one segment Rock asked, "Who is this guy?" in reference to actorJude Law seemingly appearing in every movie Rock had seen that year and implied Law was a low-rentTom Cruise (he made a joke about filmmakers rushing production when unable to get the actors they want: "If you want Tom Cruise and all you can get is Jude Law, wait [to make the film]!"). Subsequently, an angrySean Penn took the stage to present and said, "In answer to our host's question, Jude Law is one of our finest young actors." (At the time, Penn and Law were shootingAll the King's Men.) Law was not the only actor that Rockroasted that evening, however—he turned the joke on himself at one point, saying, "If you wantDenzel [Washington] and all you can get is me, wait!" Older Academy officials were reportedly displeased with Rock's performance, which did not elevate ratings for the ceremony.[65] Rock was also criticized for referring to the Oscars as "idiotic", and asserting that heterosexual men do not watch them, in an interview prior to Oscar night.[66][67]
On October 21, 2015, theAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced Rock would host the88th Academy Awards the following February.[68] When the subsequent acting nominations turned out to include no racial minorities, Rock was called upon to join a boycott of the ceremony. Rock declined, stating at the ceremony that it would have accomplished little since the show would have proceeded anyway, with him simply replaced.[69] Instead, Rock spoke of his concerns about the lack of diversity in AMPAS at various times during the show, closing by saying "Black Lives Matter."[70]
Rock's performance was largely praised by critics.Los Angeles Times critic Mary McNamara wrote: "Rock's Oscars had some of the most powerful moments seen in the telecast's history. His decision to honestly answer the question 'Is Hollywood racist?' was brave and effective,"[71]The New York Times television criticJames Poniewozik, praised Rock's performance for being "evenhanded without being wishy-washy" and that he represented "an example of something the industry is still trying to learn: that you can achieve both inclusion and entertainment by giving the right person just the right opportunity."[72]
Rock presented the award forBest Documentary Feature at the94th Academy Awards in March 2022. During the ceremony, Rock joked aboutJada Pinkett Smith's shaved head, which he compared toDemi Moore's shaved head inG.I. Jane, saying, "Jada, I love ya.G.I. Jane 2, can't wait to see it!". Pinkett Smith had shaved her head due toalopecia areata. Her husband,Will Smith, responded to Rock's joke by walking onstage and slapping Rock, who remarked, "Will Smith just smacked the shit out of me." Smith then returned to his seat and yelled twice at Rock, "Keep my wife's name out your fucking mouth!" Rock went on to say that this "was the greatest night in the history of television".[73][74][75] Later in the night, Smith was namedBest Actor forKing Richard. In his acceptance speech, he apologized to the Academy and the other nominees, but not to Rock.[76] Rock declined to file a report with theLos Angeles Police Department regarding the incident.[77]
The next day, amid public backlash, Smith issued a formal apology to Rock via a publicInstagram post, adding that "a joke about Jada's medical condition was too much for me to bear and I reacted emotionally." He also stated that "I was out of line" and that his behavior was "unacceptable and inexcusable... I will always be here for you whenever you are ready to talk about it."[78] During a stand-up performance in Boston later that month, Rock stated that Smith had not reached out to him personally and they had not spoken since the ceremony.[79]
Rock's subject matter typically involves family, politics, romance, music, celebrities, and race relations in the United States. Though not strictly autobiographical, much of his comic standpoint seems rooted in his teenage experience; his strict parents, concerned about the inadequacies of the local school system, arranged to have the adolescent Rock bused to a nearly all-white high school inBensonhurst. In his memoirRock This, he recalls, "My parents assumed I'd get a better education in a better neighborhood. What I actually got was a worse education in a worse neighborhood. And a whole bunch of ass-whippings."[80]
Rock has not wavered from a position explored in his 1996Roll With The New show, and reiterated in his 1997 memoir: "Why does the public expect entertainers to behave better than everybody else? It'sridiculous[ . . . of] course, this is just for black entertainers. You don't see anyone tellingJerry Seinfeld he's a good role model. Because everyone expects whites to behavethemselves[ . . . nowadays,] you've got to be an entertainer and a leader. It's too much."[81] Often the subject of tabloids, when asked about paparazzi and the other negative aspects of fame, Rock says he accepts the bad with the good: "You can't be happy that fire cooks your food and be mad it burns your fingertips."[82]
At the LondonLive Earth concert on July 7, 2007, which was broadcast live on theBBC, before introducing the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Rock called the crowd "motherfuckers" and said "shit", and after a brief pause said he was joking. Due to the broadcast being at 5:45p.m., Rock was immediately cut off, and the BBC made several apologies for his use of the word "motherfucker".[83]
Chris Rock has been an avid fan of theNew York Mets baseball team since childhood. He complained that his team "had no money" during a 2011 interview withDavid Letterman.[84]
Rock has campaigned against theracial profiling of African-Americans, and often speaks of the everyday racism he experiences “despite being famous”.[86][87] In a2013 episode ofComedians in Cars Getting Coffee withJerry Seinfeld, Rock and Seinfeld are pulled over by the police for speeding while Seinfeld was driving. In the episode Rock admits to Seinfeld that "If you weren't here, I'd be scared. Yeah, I'm famous – still black."[88] In 2015, Rock was pulled over three times in the first three months of the year. Each time Rock posted a selfie of the incident, without further comment as to the reason for the stops or whether he was issued a citation.[89]
In May 2021, Rock voiced opposition tocancel culture.[90][91][92][93][94] He said that it has led to "boring" and "unfunny" material from comedians.[90][91][92] He also commented that there is an existing built-in mechanism for audiences informing comedians that their content does not work, like the audience not laughing at their jokes.[90][91][92] Rock went on to say "Everybody's scared to make a move. That's not a place to be. You know, we should have the right to fail becausefailure. . . failure is a part of art."[90]
Rock married Malaak Compton-Rock on November 23, 1996.[101] Compton-Rock is the founder andexecutive director of StyleWorks, a non-profit, full-service hair salon that provides free services for women leavingwelfare and entering the workforce.[101] The couple lived inAlpine, New Jersey[102][103] with their two daughters.[2] In December 2014, Rock filed for divorce from Compton-Rock.[104] Rock admitted to infidelity in the marriage, as well as struggling with apornography addiction.[105] The divorce was finalized on August 22, 2016.[106]
On July 7, 2022, it was reported that Rock had started dating actress, screenwriter, and directorLake Bell. Rock later self-identified as single in his 2023 Netflix special.[107]
According to Dylan Novak, a Protestant preacher known by the online aliasCelebrity Preacher, he had an interaction with Rock where he learned that Rock's faith "did not stick with him as he grew up". In a 1989 stand-up routine, Rock remarked, "When you're black there's like no religion to turn to... It's like, Christianity? I don't think so. White people justified slavery and segregation through Christianity so a black Christian is like a black person with no... memory."[14]
According toVibe, in 2017, Rock stated during his Total Blackout Tour that he was "trying to get a little bit of religion... Not a lot," and that he wanted to "find God before God finds me". He also said that he believed in God a little bit but that he practices the religion of comedy.[108]
On August 20, 2019, Rock, along with several other celebrities, invested in a funding round forLowell Herb Co, a Californiacannabis brand. He is known to be "a dedicated cannabis consumer".[110]
On September 18, 2020, Rock said that he was diagnosed with anon-verbal learning disorder, a neurological condition that makes it difficult for him to understand non-verbal social cues.[111][112][113] On September 19, 2021, Rock announced onTwitter that he had tested positive forCOVID-19. He strongly advocated getting vaccinated to his followers.[114]
^Rock, Chris.Rock This Hyperion, 1997, p. 46. "I got bused from Bed-Stuy to a white school in a poor white neighborhood: Gerretson Beach, Brooklyn... What I actually got was a worse education in a worse neighborhood..."