Thechloride potassiumsymporter is amembrane transport protein of thesolute carrier family 12 that is present in the S3-segment of the renalproximal tubule[1] and in theneuron.[2] It functions inrenal chloride reabsorption to transportchloride across thebasolateral membrane.[1] Chloride potassium symporter can lower intracellular chloride concentrations below theelectrochemical equilibrium potential.[2]
The concentrations of K+ and Cl− ions are high inside the cell due to the activities ofNa+/K+ ATPase andNKCC cotransporter, respectively. Hence, their net driving force acting on the K/Cl cotransporter favours the exit of both K+ and Cl− from the cell.
Chloride potassium symporter are classified into:
Each is encoded by a separate gene of the solute carrier family 12, hence accounting for the numbers succeeding its name. For example, chloride potassium symporter 5, or KCC2, is expressed through the SLC12A5 gene. Notably, symporters prior to 4 in the same family are other types of ion pumps. SLC12A3, for instance, is thesodium-chloride symporter.
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