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Chittoor | |
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City | |
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 Interactive map of Chittoor | |
.svg)  Chittoor  Chittoor | |
| Coordinates:13°12′58″N79°05′53″E / 13.216°N 79.098°E /13.216; 79.098[1] | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| Region | Rayalaseema |
| District | Chittoor |
| Municipality | 1917 |
| Municipal corporation | 2012 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Chittoor Municipal Corporation (CMC),Chittoor Urban Development Authority(CHUDA) |
| Area | |
• City | 95.97 km2 (37.05 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 46.02 km2 (17.77 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 7th (Andhra Pradesh) |
| Elevation | 333.75 m (1,095.0 ft) |
| Population (2011)[4] | |
• City | 189,332 |
| • Rank | 20th (Andhra Pradesh) 233 (India) |
| • Density | 1,973/km2 (5,110/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 175,647 |
| • Urban density | 3,817/km2 (9,885/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Chitoorian |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Telugu |
| • Regional | Telugu,Tamil[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 517001, Complete Post office List[6] |
| Area code | +91–08572 |
| Vehicle registration | AP–03, AP-39 |
| Nominal GDP(2023-24) | ₹6,191 crore (US$730 million)[7] |
| Contribution to State as a % of GDP | 0.43% |
| GDP(PPP)(2023-24) | US$3.1billion[8] |
| Website | Official website |
Chittoor is a city and district headquarters inChittoor district of theIndian state ofAndhra Pradesh. It is also the mandal and divisional headquarters ofChittoor mandal andChittoor revenue division respectively.[9] The city has a population of 189,332.[10]
The name Chittoor is believed to have originated from a combination of two words: Chitti and Ooru. InTelugu, Chitti means "small" and Ooru means "town" or "village." Thus, Chittoor translates to "small town" or "small village".[11]
Historical records show that Chittoor, due to its strategic location, developed as a trading hub betweenTelugu andTamil regions, leading to the use of both languages in the town.[12]
After Indian independence in 1947, Chittoor became a part of the erstwhileMadras State. The modernChittoor district was formerlyNorth Arcot district, which was established by the British in the 19th century and had Chittoor as its headquarters.[citation needed] On 1 April 1911, the district was split into two - Chittoor district and North Arcot district.
The district abounds in several pre-historic sites. The surface finds discovered are assigned to special stages in the progress of civilization. Paleolithic tools were discovered at Tirupathi, Sitarampeta, Ellampalle, Mekalavandlapalle and Piler. Mesolithic tools were discovered at Chinthaparthi, Moratavandlapalle, Aruvandlapalle and Tirupathi.Remains of Neolithic and ancient tools were unearthed near Bangarupalem. The existence of megalithic culture was revealed by the discovery of graves at Irulabanda, Bapanatham, Valimikipuram (Vayalpadu), Sodum, Velkuru, Nyakaneri and Basinikonda.
The political history of the district commences with the Mauryas in the 4th century BC. The district of Chittoor was not a homogeneous administrative unit up to 1911. Its component parts were under the control of various principal dynasties at different periods of times, namely,
besides dynasties such as
Thezamindars of
also ruled over this district.[13]
Chittoor city lies on the banks of Neeva River at the southernmost part ofAndhra Pradesh state. It is located on theNH 69 andNH 40 linking major metropolitan cities ofBangalore andChennai. This district headquarters is 150 km from Chennai, 165 km from Bangalore.[14]
It is located between the northern latitudes of 37" and 14°8" and between the eastern longitudes 78°33" and 79°55". It is bounded on the east byTirupati district of Andhra Pradesh, on the south byKrishnagiri District,Vellore,Tiruvallur,Thirupattur districts of Tamil Nadu, on the west byKolar district of Karnataka, and on the north byAnnamayya district of Andhra Pradesh. In respect of area it takes the eighth place with an area of 15,150 square kilometers which accounts for 5.51 percent of the total area of the state. The general elevation of the mountainous part of the district is 2500 feet above sea level. Chennai & Bangalore cities are located in 150 km. and 165 km. respectively from Chittoor Town.[15]Vellore is the nearest city and twin city located 30 kms across the border with Tamil Nadu.
| Climate data for Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.9 (84.0) | 31.4 (88.5) | 34.4 (93.9) | 36.4 (97.5) | 40.0 (104.0) | 35.5 (95.9) | 33.5 (92.3) | 33.3 (91.9) | 32.8 (91.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 28.8 (83.8) | 27.6 (81.7) | 32.8 (91.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.7 (63.9) | 18.8 (65.8) | 21.2 (70.2) | 24.5 (76.1) | 26.2 (79.2) | 25.7 (78.3) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.4 (75.9) | 23.8 (74.8) | 22.5 (72.5) | 20.2 (68.4) | 18.1 (64.6) | 22.3 (72.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 6 (0.2) | 6 (0.2) | 8 (0.3) | 24 (0.9) | 58 (2.3) | 72 (2.8) | 102 (4.0) | 115 (4.5) | 145 (5.7) | 162 (6.4) | 110 (4.3) | 54 (2.1) | 862 (33.7) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[16] | |||||||||||||
Telugu is the official and most widely spoken language.[17] Chittoor has a population of 212,816[18] and has a sex ratio of 1,002 females per 1,000 males compared to the state average of 992 females, as of 2011 census.[19] The literacy rate of the city is 90.60%.[20] Chittoor was upgraded to municipal corporation in 2011. A large minority of Tamil people also live here.
Chittoor Municipal Corporation is the civic administrative body of the city. It was constituted as a Grade–III municipality in the year 1917. It was upgraded to Grade–II in 1950, Grade–I in 1965, Special Grade in 1980 and Selection Grade in 2000. On 7 July 2012, it was upgraded tomunicipal corporation by merging 14gram panchayats into the corporation and is spread over an area of 69.75 km2 (26.93 sq mi).[21]
Chittoor is the district headquarters and houses many district level government institutions.
TheSwayambu Varasidhi Vinayakaswamy temple[22] atKanipakam is a famous Hindu temple near the city. Ardhagiri Anjaneyaswamy temple atAragonda is another notable landmark near the city.
Chittoor district is known for several local cultural festivals celebrated on a grand scale.
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools of theSchool Education Department of the state.[25][26] The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu.
PCR High school is the oldest school in the city. It was established in 1854 by British.
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Engineering colleges:
Medical colleges:
The city is well connected to major cities throughnational andstate highways. The National Highways through Chittoor City are,National Highway 40 (India) connecting Chittoor withKadapa andKurnool on North and connectingVellore andChennai on SouthNational Highway 69 (India) connecting Chittoor withKolar andBangalore on WestNational Highway 140 (India) connecting Chittoor withTirupati andNellore on East. The city has total road length of 382.30 km.[32]
TheAndhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation operates bus services from Chittoor bus station.[33] Bus services are operated toKuppam,Kanipakam,Tirupati,Madanapalle,Punganur,Palamaner,Piler,Puttur,Srikalahasti,Nellore,Vellore,Tiruvannamalai,Salem,Kanchipuram,Chennai,Puducherry,Kolar,Bangalore,Mysore,Kurnool,Kadapa,Anantapur,Hyderabad,Hanumakonda,Warangal,Visakhapatnam,Rajamahendravaram,Kakinada,Vijayawada,Guntur,Tenali,OngoleAmaravati and also to all other major towns and cities in theChittoor district,Andhra Pradesh,Tamilnadu,Karnataka,Puducherry andTelangana states.
Chittoor railway station is a National railway station in Chittoor city of Andhra Pradesh. It lies onGudur–Katpadi branch line section and is administered underGuntakal railway division of South Central Railway zone. Nearest major railway junction isKatpadi Junction railway station in Vellore CityTamil Nadu. Just 30 km South from Chittoor city. There are direct trains daily from Chittoor to Vijayawada, Kakinada, Rajamahendravaram, Guntur, Tenali, Visakhapatnam, Kacheguda (Hyderabad),Bengaluru,Mysuru,Thiruvananthapuram,New Delhi to Kanyakumari HimSagar Express and weekly/biweekly/triweekly trains connect Chittoor withMannargudi,Jammu,Katra,Tirunelveli,Mangalore,Ernakulam,Visakhapatnam, Rajamahendravaram,Hatia Ranchi,Santragachi (Kolkata) andJayanthi Janata Express, etc. which run through Chittoor.
The nearest airports are:
The Infrastructure Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Limited (INCAP) will build Kuppam Airport at Shantipuram Mandal at an estimated cost of Rs 100 crore .[34][35]
Chittoor city spreads over Chittoor assembly (Majority),Puthalapattu assembly (partially) andGangadhara Nellore assembly (partially) constituencies in Andhra Pradesh. Chittoor is part ofChittoor (Lok Sabha constituency).
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