 | This articlerelies largely or entirely on asingle source. Relevant discussion may be found on thetalk page. Please helpimprove this article byintroducing citations to additional sources. Find sources: "Family tree of Chinese monarchs" 1279–1912 – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(March 2021) |
This is afamily tree of Chinese monarchs from theYuan dynasty to the end of theQing dynasty.
| Family trees of Chinese monarchs |
The following is theYuan dynasty family tree.Genghis Khan founded theMongol Empire in 1206. The empire became split beginning with the succession war of his grandsonsKublai Khan andAriq Boke. Kublai Khan, after defeating his younger brotherAriq Boke, founded theYuan dynasty of China in 1271. The dynasty was overthrown by theMing dynasty during the reign ofToghun Temür in 1368, but it survived in the Mongolian Plateau, known as theNorthern Yuan; years of reign over the Northern Yuan (up to 1388) are given in brackets.
Long beforeKublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271,Khagans (Great Khans) of the Mongol State (Yeke Mongγol Ulus) already started to use the Chinese title ofEmperor (Chinese:皇帝;pinyin:Huángdì) practically in theChinese language since Spring 1206 in the First Year of the reign ofGenghis Khan (as成吉思皇帝; 'Genghis Emperor'[1]). However, The Mongol Khagans-Emperors andregents beforeKublai Khan were only declared Yuan emperors after the creation of Yuan dynasty in 1271.
| Yesükhei Baghatur | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 (1) | 4 (2) | 5 (3) | 6 (4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Belgutei | Bekhter | Temujin Genghis Khan ~1162–1227  Taizu太祖 Khagan: r. 1206–1227 | Hasar | Hachiun | Temüge 1168–1246 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jochi c. 1181–1227 | Chagatai 1183–1242 | Ögedei Khan ~1186–1241  Taizong太宗 Khagan: r. 1229–1241 | Töregene Great Khatun1242–1246 | Tolui ~1190–1232  Ruizong睿宗 (Khagan: r. 1227–1229) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oghul Qaimish d. 1251 Khagan: r. 1248–1251 | Güyük Khan ~1206–1248 Dingzong定宗 Khagan: r. 1246–1248 | Möngke Khan ~1208–1259 Xianzong憲宗 Khagan: r. 1251–1259 | Kublai Khan 1215–1294  Khagan: r. 1260–1271 Shizu世祖 r. 1271–1294 | Hulagu ~1217–1265  Ilkhan 1256–1265 | Ariq Böke d. 1266  Khagan: r. 1259–1264 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhenjin真金 1243–1286 Yuzong裕宗 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gammala 1263–1302 Xianzong顯宗 | Darmabala 1264–1292 Shunzong順宗 | Temür Öljeytü Khan 1265–1307  Chengzong成宗 r. 1294–1307 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yesün Temür Khan 1293–1328 Taiding泰定 r. 1323–1328 | Kayishan Külüg Khan 1281–1311  Wuzong武宗 r. 1307–1311 | Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan 1285–1320  Renzong仁宗 r. 1311–1320 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ragibagh Khan ~1320–1328? Tianshun天順 r. 1328 | Kuśala Khutughtu Khan 1300–1329 Mingzong明宗 r. 1329 | Tugh Temür Jayaatu Khan 1304–1332  Wenzong文宗 r. 1328–1329; 1329–1332 | Shidibala Gegeen Khan 1303–1323 Yingzong英宗 r. 1321–1323 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Toghun Temür Ukhaantu Khan 1320–1370 Huizong惠宗 r. 1333–1368 (–1370) | Rinchinbal Khan 1326–1332  Ningzong寧宗 1332 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Yuan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ayushiridara Biligtü Khan Zhaozong昭宗 r. 1370–1378 | Tögüs Temür Uskhal Khan Yizong益宗 r. 1378–1388 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following is a simplifiedfamily tree for theMing dynasty, which ruled China between 1368 and 1644.
Those who became emperor are listed in bold, with their years of reign. In China, Ming emperors are best known by theirtemple names, which are given second below, after the personal name. (TheJianwen Emperor was not awarded a temple name: his posthumous name, Huidi (惠帝), is used instead.) The names given in bold areera names, the form by which Ming emperors are most commonly known in English, but which technically refer to the timespan of an emperor's reign rather than to the emperor himself. (Xingzong and Ruizong are temple names: they never actually ruled, but Xingzong was posthumously granted an emperor's title and Ruizong was raised posthumously to the status of emperor by his son, theJiajing Emperor, in theGreat Rites Controversy.) The imperial family's original family name wasZhu (朱), but theHongwu Emperor adopted the dynastic name Ming (明) (as were all but one imperial Chinese dynasties), meaning "brilliant". The numbers here indicate the seniority in birth of an emperor's sons as the Ming Dynasty was the only Chinese dynasty to have the eldest surviving son succeed the throne in continuous fashion (though not for theYongle, from whom all subsequent Ming emperors descend andJingtai Emperors – both of whom usurped the throne; while the Jiajing –see above, and Chongzhen Emperors succeeded sonless brother), not unlike the Salic Law practised in some contemporary European monarchies (except that the eldest son by a non-principal consort was duly considered). After the fall of the dynasty in 1644 and theChongzhen Emperor's suicide, a series of Ming princes based in the south of China claimed the imperial title, their court being known as theSouthern Ming. These claimants are given with their era names, and the timespans of their purported reigns in brackets. Their purported periods of rule are given in brackets. In 1662,Koxinga regained control ofTaiwan from the Dutch colonial regime, and established a state for those who wished restore the Ming dynasty to power. This state lasted until 1683, when it submitted to the Qing dynasty.
Legend:
| Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 1328–1398  Taizu太祖 Hongwu洪武 r. 1368–1398 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 4 | 10 | 17 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Biao 朱標 1355–1392 Xingzong興宗 | Zhu Di朱棣 1360–1424  Chengzu成祖 Yongle永樂 r. 1402–1424 | Zhu Tan 朱檀 1370–1389 Prince Huang of Lu魯荒王 | Zhu Quan 朱權 1378–1448 Prince of Ning寧王 | Zhu Jing 朱桱 1388–1415 Prince Ding of Tang唐定王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Yunwen朱允炆 1377–1402? Huidi惠帝 Jianwen建文 r. 1398–1402 | Zhu Gaochi朱高熾 1378–1425  Renzong仁宗 Hongxi洪熙 r. 1424–1425 | Zhu Zhaohui 朱肇煇 1388–1466 Prince Jing of Lu | Zhu Qiongda 朱瓊炟 d. 1475 Prince Xian of Tang唐憲王 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 7 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Wenkui 朱文奎 1396-? | Zhu Zhanji朱瞻基 1399–1435  Xuanzong宣宗 Xuande宣德 r. 1425–1435 | Zhu Zhanyu 朱瞻墺 1409–1446 Prince Jing of Huai淮靖王 | Zhu Taikan 朱泰堪 1412–1473 Prince Hui of Lu魯惠王 | Zhu Zhizhi 朱芝址 d. 1485 Prince Zhuang of Tang唐莊王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Qizhen朱祁鎮 1427–1464  Yingzong英宗 Zhengtong正统 r. 1435–1449 Tianshun天順 r. 1457–1464 | Zhu Qiyu朱祁鈺 1428–1457 Daizong代宗 Jingtai景泰 r. 1449–1457 | Zhu Qiquan 朱祁銓 1435–1502 Prince Kang of Huai淮康王 | Zhu Yangzhu 朱陽鑄 1448–1523 Prince Zhuāng of Lu魯莊王 | Zhu Miqian 朱彌鉗 Prince Gong of Tang唐恭王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Jianshen朱見深 1447–1487  Xianzong憲宗 Chenghua成化 r. 1464–1487 | Zhu Jiandian 朱見澱 ?–1502 Prince Duan of Huai淮端王 | Zhu Dangcong 朱當漎 1473–1505 Prince Huai of Lu魯懷王 | Zhu Yuwen 朱宇溫 d. 1560 Prince Jing of Tang唐敬王 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 4 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Youcheng朱祐樘 1470–1505  Xiaozong孝宗 Hongzhi弘治 r. 1487–1505 | Zhu Youyuan朱祐杬 1476–1519  Ruizong睿宗 | Zhu Youkui 朱祐楑 1500–1537 Prince Zhuang of Huai淮莊王 | Zhu Jianyi 朱健杙 1494–1520 Prince Dao of Lu魯悼王 | Zhu Zhouyong 朱宙栐 d.1564 Prince Shun of Tang唐順王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Houzhao朱厚照 1491–1521  Wuzong武宗 Zhengde正德 r. 1505–1521 | Zhu Houcong朱厚熜 1507–1567  Shizong世宗 Jiajing嘉靖 r. 1521–1567 | Zhu Houchou 朱厚燽 1519–1563 Prince Xian of Huai淮宪王 | 朱觀𤊟 1520–1549 Prince Duan of Lu魯端王 | Zhu Shuohuang 朱碩熿 d. 1632 Prince Duan of Tang唐端王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Zaiji朱載坖 1537–1572  Muzong穆宗 Longqing隆慶 r. 1567–1572 | Zhu Zaijian 朱载坚 ?–1595 Prince Shun of Huai淮顺王 | Zhu Yitan 朱頤坦 ?–1594 Prince Gong of Lu魯恭王 | Zhu Qisheng 朱器墭 Prince Yu of Tang唐裕王 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 4 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Yijun朱翊鈞 1563–1620  Shenzong神宗 Wanli萬曆 r. 1572–1620 | Zhu Yiliu 朱翊镠 1568–1614 Prince of Lu | Zhū Yiju 朱翊鉅 ?–1616 Prince of Huai 淮王 | Zhu Shouyong 朱壽鏞 ?–1639 Prince Su of Lu魯肅王 | Zhu Yujian朱聿鍵 1602–1646  Prince of Tang 唐王 Longwu隆武 1645–1646 | Zhu Yuyue 朱聿𨮁 1605–1646 Prince of Tang唐王 Shaowu紹武 r. 1646 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Changluo朱常洛 1582–1620  Guangzong光宗 Taichang泰昌 r. 1620 | Zhu Changxun 朱常洵 1586–1641 Prince Zhong of Fu福忠王 | Zhu Changying 朱常瀛 1601–1645 Prince Duan of Gui 桂端王 | Zhu Changfang 朱常淓 1608–1646 Prince of Lu潞王 | Zhu Changqing 朱常清 d.1649 Prince of Huai Dongwu東武 r. 1648–1649 | Zhu Yihai 朱以海 1618–1662 Gengyin r. 1645–1655 | Zheng Chenggong 鄭成功 1624–1662 Koxinga國姓爺 Ruler of theTungning r. 1661–1662 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 5 | 8 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Youjiao朱由校 1605–1627  Xizong熹宗 Tianqi天啟 r. 1620–1627 | Zhu Youjian朱由檢 1611–1644 Sizong思宗 Chongzhen 崇禎 r. 1627–1644 | Zhu Yousong 朱由崧 1607–1646 Prince of Fu福王 Hongguang 弘光 r. 1644–1645 | Zhu Youlang 朱由榔 1623–1662 Prince of Gui桂王 Yongli永曆 r. 1646–1662 | Zhu Honghuan 朱弘桓 | Zhèng Shì 鄭氏 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following is a simplifiedfamily tree for theQing dynasty, which was established in 1636, ruled China proper from 1644 to 1912.
Those who became emperor of China are listed in bold, with their years of reign.Nurhaci wasKhan ofLater Jin from 1616 to 1626.Hong Taiji wasKhan ofLater Jin from 1626 to 1636, andEmperor of the Qing dynasty from 1636 to 1643. During these periods, the two monarchs only dominatedManchuria, but were not emperors of China as a whole; their years of reign over the dynasty are therefore given in brackets. The names given for emperors areera names, the form by which Qing emperors were most commonly known (with the exception ofPuyi, who ruled as the Xuantong Emperor, but was generally known by his given name after his deposition). Puyi abdicated as head of state on February 12, 1912, but was permitted to retain his imperial titles until 1924. The imperial family's original Manchu clan name wasAisin Gioro (lit. "golden clan"). The dynasty was originally titled the Later Jin, in reference to its origins in theJurchen-ledJin dynasty (1115–1234), by Nurhaci in 1616, but in 1636 Hong Taiji opted to replace this title with the Chinese dynastic title Qing (清), meaning "clear" or "pure".
.jpg)
.jpg)
