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| China Railways TH1[1] Mantetsu Tehoi class (テホイ) | |||||||||||||
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 Mantetsu F1-612 as built. | |||||||||||||
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TheChina Railways TH1 classsteam locomotive was a class of4-6-0 passenger steam locomotives operated by theChina Railway. Originally built for theSouth Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), some were also operated by theManchukuo National Railway. The "Teho" name came from theAmerican naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 4-6-0 wheel arrangement were called "Ten-Wheeler".
The Tehoi class can be subdivided into two distinct subclasses, the Tehoi class and the Mantetsu Tehoni class, which should not be confused with theManchukuo National Tehoni class.
In 1908, Mantetsu ordered seventeen locomotives fromALCo in theUnited States for express and ordinary passenger train duties on the mainline. Built at ALCo'sSchenectady works and designated class F1, from 1911 they were used also on express trains on theDalian–Lüshun line, and on theAnfeng Line betweenFengtian andAndong. With the introduction of a newclassification system in 1920 they became class Tehoi (テホイ), and between then and 1926 they were rebuilt withsuperheaters. In 1927, one engine was leased to theSitao Railway, which in 1933 was nationalised along with several other private railways to create theManchukuo National Railway, and in the same year, four were transferred to theFushun Coal Mine, which was under Mantetsu's control. In 1931 three of the locomotives sent to Fushun were returned in exchange for aSorii class engine, and in that year some were loaned to theJinfu Railway. With the establishment of the Manchukuo National Railway in 1933, two were transferred to the MNR, where they were designated Tehosa (テホサ) class.
| Owner | Class & numbers (1907–1920) | Class & numbers (1920–1938) | Class & numbers (1938–1945) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mantetsu | F1 602–F1 619 | テホイ602–テホイ619 | テホイ1–テホイ15 | |
| Manchukuo National | - | テホサ5650, テホサ5651 | テホイ501, テホイ502 | Transferred from Mantetsu in 1933 |
After the reconstruction of the Anfeng Line in 1911, a thrice-weekly international express train between Fengtian andGyeongseong,Korea was introduced. As the existing locomotives insufficient in quantity, Mantetsu ordered five new engines from ALCo in 1912 to augment the fleet. Built at ALCO'sRichmond, Virginia plant, they were designated class F1 like the 1908 units, though they were not identical to those, and in the 1920 reclassification they became Tehoni (テホニ) class. Between 1920 and 1926 they were rebuilt with superheaters. Used on both express and ordinary passenger trains, some were loaned to the Jinfu Railway in 1931.
| Owner | Class & numbers (1912–1920) | Class & numbers (1920–1938) | Class & numbers (1938–1945) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mantetsu | F1 620–F1 624 | テホニ620–テホニ624 | テホイ16–テホイ20 |
Under the new unified classification system introduced in 1938, the Mantetsu Tehoi class, the Mantetsu Tehoni class, and the Manchukuo National Tehosa class locomotives were collectively designated Tehoi class.
All 22 engines of both subclasses survived theSecond Sino-Japanese War, and at the end of the war were assigned to the Dalian (9), Fengtian (5),Jinzhou (5) andQiqihar (3) depots, and were taken over by the Republic of China Railway. Following the establishment of thePeople's Republic and the currentChina Railway, they were designated class ㄊㄏ一 (TH1) in 1951, becoming class TH1 (written inPinyin instead ofZhuyin) in 1959.
| Tehoi (as built) | Tehoi (rebuilt) | Tehoni (as built) | Tehoni (rebuilt) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Builder | ALCo (Schenectady) | ALCo (Richmond) | ||
| Build date | 1908 | 1920–1926 | 1912 | 1920–1926 |
| Driver diameter | 1,753 mm (69.0 in) | 1,750 mm (69 in) | 1,753 mm (69.0 in) | 1,750 mm (69 in) |
| Loco Weight | 72.00 t (70.86 long tons) | 72.84 t (71.69 long tons) | 72.00 t (70.86 long tons) | 71.53 t (70.40 long tons) |
| Adhesive weight | 55.10 t (54.23 long tons) | 56.23 t (55.34 long tons) | 55.10 t (54.23 long tons) | 54.87 t (54.00 long tons) |
| Cylinder size | 483 mm × 610 mm (19.0 in × 24.0 in) | 483 mm × 610 mm (19.0 in × 24.0 in) | 483 mm × 610 mm (19.0 in × 24.0 in) | 483 mm × 610 mm (19.0 in × 24.0 in) |
| Boiler pressure | 14.0 kgf/cm2 (199 psi) | 14.1 kgf/cm2 (201 psi) | 14.0 kgf/cm2 (199 psi) | 14.1 kgf/cm2 (201 psi) |
| Firegrate area | 3.01 m2 (32.4 sq ft) | 2.94 m2 (31.6 sq ft) | 3.01 m2 (32.4 sq ft) | 2.95 m2 (31.8 sq ft) |
| Operator | South Manchuria Railway Manchukuo National Railway China Railway | South Manchuria Railway China Railway | ||
| Numbers in class | 17 | 5 | ||
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