After thebattle of Curalaba (1598) and theDestruction of the Seven Cities, Chiloé was further isolated from the rest ofChile and developed a culture with little influence from Spain or mainland Chile. During the 17th and 18th centuries, most of the archipelago's population wasbilingual and according toJohn Byron, many Spaniards preferred to use Mapudungun because they considered it more beautiful.[1] Around the same time,GovernorNarciso de Santa María complained that Spanish settlers in the islands could not speak Spanish properly, but could speak Veliche, and that this second language was more used.[2]
Transformation of the groups[bo,bu] and[ɡo,ɡu] into[wo,wu].
Preservation of the nasal consonant velar/ŋ/ (written "ng" or "gn") in words of Mapuche origin. This phoneme does not exist in standard Spanish. Eg:culenges[kuˈleŋeh] (In the rest of Chile, it is saidculengues[kuˈleŋɡeh]).
Difference in treatment for "y" and "ll" : FromCastro to the north, no difference is made between them, since both are pronounced as[ʝ] (yeísmo). In sectors of the center and the south they are pronounced differently, they can be[ʝ] and[dʒ],[ʝ] and[ʒ] or[dʒ] and[ʒ]. There are also other places in the southern and western parts where they are both pronounced[ʒ].
It is common for "ch" to be pronounced as a fricative[ʃ], similar to an English "sh". This fricative pronunciation has asocial stigma associated in Chile, but not so much in the northernmost regions where speakers may go back and forth between/tʃ/ and[ʃ].
In some places the group "tr" is pronounced differently according to the etymology of the word: if it comes from Spanish, both consonants are clearly pronounced, while if the word comes from Mapudungun, it is pronounced[tɹ], similar to a "chr". However, in the rest of the places, the words of Mapuche origin that had this consonant have replaced it by the "chr" and in the rest this group is pronounced[tɾ] as in most dialects of Spanish, unlike what occurs in Chilean Spanish, in which you tend to use[tɹ] regardless of the origin of the word.
Paragoge: A vowel is added to the end of words ending in "r" or "c". Eg:andar[anˈdarə],Quenac[keˈnakə].
The prosodic aspects of Chiloé Spanish have recently been studied and show an ascending intonation.
The Spanish of the Chiloé Archipelago shares a number of morphological characteristics with that of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado and with that of rural areas of the Mexican states ofChihuahua,Durango,Sonora,Tlaxcala,Jalisco, andGuanajuato:[3]
Second-person preterite forms ending in-ates, -ites instead of the standard-aste, -iste.
Latin-b- is retained in some imperfect conjugations of-er and-ir verbs, with the preceding-i- diphthongized into the previous vowel, as in:caiban vs.caían,traiba vs.traía,creiban vscreían.
Verbs ending in-er are, like those ending in-ir, conjugated in-imos for both the present and preterite tenses. The reverse occurs in New Mexico and rural Mexico, where-ir verbs can be conjugated-emos in the present tense.
Non-standard-g- in many verb roots, such ascreiga 'believe'.
In their present-tense subjunctive first person plural conjugations, verbs are pronounced with stress on the antepenultimate syllable, instead of on the penultimate one, thusváyamos andbáilemos instead ofvayamos andbailemos.
The clitic pronounnos 'we' is often replaced bylos. This is found in Traditional New Mexican Spanish but is not attested within Mexico.
