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| Chief Minister of Punjab | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| Government of Punjab | |
| Style | The Honourable (Formal) Mr. Chief Minister (Informal) |
| Status | Head of government |
| Abbreviation | CM |
| Member of | |
| Reports to | Governor of Punjab |
| Residence | House Number 7, Sector 2, Chandigarh, Punjab |
| Seat | Punjab Civil Secretariat, Capitol Complex,Chandigarh |
| Appointer | Governor of Punjab |
| Term length | At the confidence of the assembly Chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to noterm limits.[1] |
| Precursor | Premier of the Punjab Chief Minister of PEPSU |
| Inaugural holder | Gopi Chand Bhargava |
| Formation | 15 August 1947 (78 years ago) (1947-08-15) |
| Deputy | Deputy Chief Minister |
| Salary |
|
Thechief minister of Punjab is thehead of thegovernment of Punjab. As per theConstitution of India, theGovernor of Punjab is the state's head, butde facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to thePunjab Legislative Assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whosecouncil of ministers arecollectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to noterm limits.[1]
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The province ofPunjab was then headquartered inLahore.Under theGovernment of India Act 1935, a bicameral legislature was set up with a legislative assembly and a legislative council with a government headed by the Prime Minister. TheUnionist Party won thePunjab Provincial Assembly elections, 1937 andSir Sikandar Hayat Khan became thePremier of Punjab and hold the position up to his death in 1942. Khan was succeeded bySir Khizar Tiwana. In1946 elections were held theUnionist Party stood fourth place but with the support ofIndian National Congress andShiromani Akali Dal formed the government underSir Khizar Tiwana. Tiwana later resigned on 2 March 1947 against the decision ofPartition of India.
Patiala and East Punjab States Union orPEPSU was an Indian state formed by the union of the post-partition province of Punjab on the Indian side of the border with eightprincely states, which were allowed to maintain their native monarchs. The state was inaugurated on 15 July 1948 and formally became astate in 1950. Among these princely states, six weresalute states:-Patiala,Jind,Kapurthala,Nabha,Faridkot andMalerkotla. The other two states were Nalagarh and Kalsia. PEPSU was earlier headed by the Premier, from 1952 the chief minister become the head of the government. On 1 November 1956, PEPSU was merged mostly intoEast Punjab (Punjab from 1950) following theStates Reorganisation Act, 1956.
The state of East Punjab was formed in 1947 later it was renamed Punjab in 1950. It consisted of the parts of thePunjab Province ofBritish India that went to India following thepartition of India. Since 1947, Punjab has had fifteen chief ministers. The first wasGopi Chand Bhargava of theIndian National Congress party, who was sworn in on 15 August 1947, when Indiagained independence from theBritish. He was succeeded by fellow CongressmanBhim Sen Sachar, who was then subsequently replaced after 188 days by former Chief Minister Gopi Chand Bhargava. After a brief term,PresidentRajendra Prasad placed the Punjab Legislative Assembly under suspension for ninth months to help the state government gets its act together. In 1952, the firststate elections took place for the Legislative Assembly. The results of the election saw the return of the Congress government with former Chief Minister Bhim Sen Sachar as its leader. After he resigned in 1956,Partap Singh Kairon became chief minister. Serving until 1964, Kairon remains one of Punjab's longest-serving chief ministers. He was followed by the returning Chief Minister Gopi Chand Bhargava, who briefly held office as acting chief minister for only 15 days. In July 1964,Ram Kishan assumed the office and served for two years. His tenure was followed by the President's rule which lasted for 119 days. On 1 November 1966, the state ofHaryana was partitioned from Punjab and some other districts were given to the state of Himachal Pradesh.
The first chief minister of the newly re-configured state wasGiani Gurmukh Singh Musafir who led a Congress government from the Vidhan Parishad, one of only two to have done so. In the 1967 elections, he was voted out of power in favour of theAkali Das Sant Fateh Singh Group whose leaderGurnam Singh became the first non-Congress chief minister. Gurnam Singh's government was succeeded by three short-lived Akali Dal governments—Lachhman Singh Gill's government for less than a year and a little more than a year under the returning Gurnam Singh andParkash Singh Badal. After 272 days under President's rule, the Congress party returned to power under the future PresidentZail Singh. In 1977, Parkash Singh Badal became the chief minister for the second time.Darbara Singh became chief minister in 1980 and remained in office for three years before a long period under President's rule. A brief interlude underSurjit Singh Barnala followed, after which three Congress-led governments took office—led byBeant Singh from 1992 to 1995,Harcharan Singh Brar from 1995 to 1996 andRajinder Kaur Bhattal from 1996 to 1997. Upon taking office, Rajinder Kaur Bhattal became the first female chief minister of Punjab and overall the8th female chief minister in India.
Parkash Singh Badal assumed office for the third time in 1997 and became the first chief minister, since Kairon's resignation in 1964, to serve a full term. Badal was succeeded by CongressmanAmarinder Singh, who also successfully served a full term. In 2017 he became CM for the second time but failed to complete his tenure due to internal political factionalism andCharanjit Singh Channi became the firstDalit chief minister of Punjab just 6 months before the expiry of the 15th assembly.
Since 1947, only 4 chief ministers had completed their five years term. Partap Singh Kairon, Zail Singh, Parkash Singh Badal and Amarinder Singh. No other chief minister had completed their single full term.
The office of the chief minister of Punjab is located at Punjab Civil Secretariat, Sector – 1, Chandigarh.[3]
The chief minister is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the governor of Punjab before entering office, the oath of office and secrecy, as per the Third Schedule of the Constitution of India.
Oath of office:
I, <name>, do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, [that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India,] that I will faithfully and conscientiously discharge my duties as a (Chief) Minister for the State (of Punjab) and that I will do right to all manner of people in accordance with the Constitution and the law without fear or favour, affection or ill-will
— Constitution of India, Third Schedule, Part V
Oath of secrecy:
I, <name>, do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person or persons any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as (Chief) Minister for the State (of Punjab) except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as such Minister.
— Constitution of India, Third Schedule, Part VI
Mostly the chief minister of Punjab takes oath in Punjabi language, which is also mentioned in the Punjabi version of Indian Constitution.
A Minister designated by the Government to supervise the management of government business in the Legislative Assembly is known as the Leader of the House. The Rules of Procedure of the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha define "Leader of the House". In both Houses, the leader of the house is a crucial official who directly affects how business is done. A House deputy leader may also be appointed by him. Government meeting scheduling and House business are under the purview of the Leader of the House. In addition, the Leader of the House serves as the legislative chair of the majority party. Rather than the Constitution, the Rules of the House specify the duties of the head of the house.
One important parliamentary official who has direct authority over the way the Legislative assembly operates is the Leader of the House. All of the government's policies are centered around him, particularly as they relate to the House's internal operations and measures pertaining to the conduct of its business. The Chief Whip resolves the specifics with the Leader of the House's agreement, although the Leader of the House is ultimately in charge of how government activity is organized. The Leader of the House suggests dates for the House's summons and prorogation with the Chair's approval. He is in charge of organizing the formal proceedings of the Parliamentary Session, including the introduction of legislation and motions.
Since the formation of the Punjab Legislative assembly, the leader of the house of assembly is served by the Chief minister of Punjab. However there were two certain occasions when the Chief minister was the not the member of the house of legislative assembly and thus during that period of time, the role of the leader of house is served by person other than the chief minister. WhenGopi Chand Bhargava became the acting chief minister of the Punjab in the year of 1964 after the resignation of the then chief ministerPartap Singh Kairon, the role of the leader of the house was fulfilled by the Kairon even after his resignation. Second time, whenGurmukh Singh Musafir become the chief minister after the reorganization of Punjab in 1966, the predecessor chief ministerRam Kishan served as the leader of the house during the chief minister-ship of the Musaffir. In all other cases, the chief minister of Punjab also serves as the Leader of the House.
Color key
| No | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office[4] | Time in office | Party (Alliance/ Partner) | Assembly (Election) | Appointed by (Governor) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | ||||||||
| 1 |  | Sikandar Hayat Khan (1882-1942) (West-Punjab Landlord) | 5 April 1937 | 26 December 1942[d] | 5 years, 265 days | Unionist Party (Khalsa National Party) | 1st (1937) | Herbert William Emerson | |
| Vacant (26 - 30 December 1940) (4 days) | |||||||||
| 2 |  | Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana (1900-1975) (Khushab) | 30 December 1942 | 19 March 1945 | 2 years, 79 days | Unionist Party (Khalsa National Party) | 1st (1937) | Bertrand Glancy | |
| (i) | Governor Rule | 19 March 1945 | 21 March 1946 | 1 year, 2 days | - | Viscount Wavell | |||
| (2) | | Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana (1900-1975) (Khushab) | 21 March 1946 | 2 March 1947 | 346 days | Unionist Party (Indian National Congress-Shiromani Akali Dal) | 2nd (1946) | Bertrand Glancy | |
| (ii) | Governor Rule | 2 March 1947 | 15 August 1947[pd] | 166 days | - | Earl Mountbatten | |||
Color key
| No | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Time in office | Party (Alliance/ Partner) | Assembly (Election) | Appointed by (Rajpramukh) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | ||||||||
| Interim Government (1948–1949) | |||||||||
| - |  | Gian Singh Rarewala (1901-1979) ( – ) (Acting) | 15 July 1948 | 13 January 1949 | 182 days | IND | Interim Government | Yadavindra Singh | |
| Premier (1949-1952) | |||||||||
| 1 | | Gian Singh Rarewala (1901-1979) ( – ) | 13 January 1949 | 23 May 1951[R] | 2 years, 130 days | IND | Not Yet Created | Yadavindra Singh | |
| 2 |  | Raghbir Singh (1895-1955) ( – ) | 23 May 1951 | 21 April 1952 | 1 year, 333 days | Indian National Congress | |||
| Chief Minister (1952–1956) | |||||||||
| 1 | | Raghbir Singh (1895-1955) (Patiala Sadar) | 21 April 1952 | 22 April 1952[R] | 1 day | Indian National Congress | 1st (1952) | Yadavindra Singh | |
| 2 | | Gian Singh Rarewala (1901-1979) (Amloh) | 22 April 1952 | 5 March 1953 | 317 days | IND (UDF) | |||
| (i) |  | Vacant[a] (President's rule) | 5 March 1953 | 8 March 1954 | 1 year, 3 days | - | Rajendra Prasad | ||
| (1) | | Raghbir Singh (1895-1955) (Patiala Sadar) | 8 March 1954 | 12 January 1955[d] | 310 days | Indian National Congress | 2nd (1954) | Yadavindra Singh | |
| 3 |  | Brish Bhan (1908-1988) (Kalayat) | 12 January 1955 | 1 November 1956[pd] | 1 year, 294 days | ||||
Color keys for the party of the chief minister
| S.No. | Portrait | Name (birth-death) (Constituency) | Tenure | Party (Coalition) | Election | Assembly | Appointed by(Governor) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Term in office | ||||||||
| Before reorganisation of Punjab (1947–1966) | ||||||||||
| 1 | | Gopi Chand Bhargava (1889-1966) (University) | 15 August 1947 | 13 April 1949[R] | 1 year, 241 days | Indian National Congress | 1946 | Interim Assembly | C M Trivedi | |
| 2 |  | Bhim Sen Sachar (1894-1978) (Lahore City) | 13 April 1949[b] | 18 October 1949[R] | 188 days | |||||
| (1) | | Gopi Chand Bhargava (1889-1966) (University) | 18 October 1949 | 20 June 1951 | 1 year, 245 days | |||||
| (i) | | Vacant[a] (President's rule)[c] | 20 June 1951 | 17 April 1952 | 302 days | - | ||||
| (2) | | Bhim Sen Sachar (1894-1978) (Ludhiana City South) | 17 April 1952 | 22 July 1953[R] | 3 years, 281 days | Indian National Congress | 1952 | First | C M Trivedi | |
| 22 July 1953[d] | 23 January 1956[R] | C P N Singh | ||||||||
| 3 |  | Partap Singh Kairon (1901-1965) (Sujanpur) | 23 January 1956 | 9 April 1957 | 8 years, 150 days | |||||
| 9 April 1957 | 11 March 1962 | 1957 | Second | |||||||
| 12 March 1962 | 21 June 1964[R] | 1962 | Third | N V Gadgil | ||||||
| - | | Gopi Chand Bhargava (1889-1966) (MLC) (Interim) | 21 June 1964[e] | 6 July 1964 | 15 days | P T A Pillai | ||||
| 4 | .jpg) | Ram Kishan (1913-1971) (Jalandhar North East) | 7 July 1964 | 5 July 1966 | 1 year, 363 days | |||||
| (ii) | | Vacant[a] (President's rule)[f] | 5 July 1966 | 1 November 1966 | 119 days | - | ||||
| After reorganisation of Punjab (Since 1966) | ||||||||||
| 5 | | Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir (1899-1976) (MLC) | 1 November 1966 | 8 March 1967 | 127 days | Indian National Congress | 1962 | Third | Dharma Vira | |
| 6 | | Gurnam Singh (1899-1973) (Qila Raipur) | 8 March 1967 | 25 November 1967[R] | 262 days | Akali Dal Sant Fateh Singh Group (PUF) | 1967 | Fourth | ||
| 7 |  | Lachhman Singh Gill (1917-1969) (Dharamkot) | 25 November 1967 | 23 August 1968[R] | 272 days | Punjab Janata Party (INC) | D C Pavate | |||
| (iii) | | Vacant[a] (President's rule)[c] | 23 August 1968 | 17 February 1969 | 178 days | - | ||||
| (6) | | Gurnam Singh (1899-1973) (Qila Raipur) | 17 February 1969 | 27 March 1970[R] | 1 year, 38 days | Shiromani Akali Dal (UFP till 1970) (BJS 1970-71) | 1969 | Fifth | D C Pavate | |
| 8 |  | Parkash Singh Badal (1927-2023) (Gidderbaha) | 27 March 1970 | 14 June 1971 | 1 year, 79 days | |||||
| (iv) | | Vacant[a] (President's rule)[c] | 14 June 1971 | 17 March 1972 | 277 days | - | ||||
| 9 | .png) | Zail Singh (1916-1994) (Anandpur Sahib) | 17 March 1972 | 30 April 1977 | 5 years, 44 days | Indian National Congress (CPI) | 1972 | Sixth | M M Chaudhary | |
| (v) | | Vacant[a] (President's rule)[c] | 30 April 1977 | 20 June 1977 | 51 days | - | ||||
| (8) | | Parkash Singh Badal (1927-2023) (Gidderbaha) | 20 June 1977 | 17 February 1980 | 2 years, 242 days | Shiromani Akali Dal (JP &CPI) | 1977 | Seventh | M M Chaudhary | |
| (vi) | | Vacant[a] (President's rule)[c] | 17 February 1980 | 6 June 1980 | 110 days | - | ||||
| 10 |  | Darbara Singh (1916-1990) (Nakodar) | 6 June 1980 | 6 October 1983 | 3 years, 122 days | Indian National Congress | 1980 | Eighth | J L Hathi | |
| (vii) | | Vacant[a] (President's rule)[g] | 6 October 1983 | 29 September 1985 | 1 year, 358 days | - | ||||
| 11 |  | Surjit Singh Barnala (1925-2017) (Barnala) | 29 September 1985 | 11 June 1987 | 1 year, 255 days | Shiromani Akali Dal | 1985 | Ninth | Arjun Singh | |
| (viii) | | Vacant[a] (President's rule)[h] | 11 June 1987 | 25 February 1992 | 4 years, 259 days | - | ||||
| 12 | .png) | Beant Singh (1922-1995) (Jalandhar Cantonment) | 25 February 1992 | 31 August 1995 [†] | 3 years, 187 days | Indian National Congress | 1992 | Tenth | Surendra Nath | |
| 13 |  | Harcharan Singh Brar (1922-2009) (Muktsar) | 31 August 1995 | 21 November 1996[R] | 1 year, 82 days | B K N Chhibber | ||||
| 14 | | Rajinder Kaur Bhattal (b. 1945) (Lehra) | 21 November 1996 | 11 February 1997 | 82 days | |||||
| (8) | | Parkash Singh Badal (1927-2023) (Lambi) | 12 February 1997 | 26 February 2002 | 5 years, 14 days | Shiromani Akali Dal (BJP) | 1997 | Eleventh | ||
| 15 |  | Amarinder Singh (b. 1942) (Patiala Urban) | 26 February 2002 | 1 March 2007 | 5 years, 3 days | Indian National Congress | 2002 | Twelfth | J F R Jacob | |
| (8) | | Parkash Singh Badal (1927-2023) (Lambi) | 1 March 2007 | 14 March 2012 | 10 years, 15 days | Shiromani Akali Dal (BJP) | 2007 | Thirteen | S F Rodrigues | |
| 14 March 2012 | 16 March 2017 | 2012 | Fourteenth | Shivraj Patil | ||||||
| (15) |  | Amarinder Singh (b. 1942) (Patiala Urban) | 16 March 2017 | 20 September 2021[R] | 4 years, 188 days | Indian National Congress | 2017 | Fifteenth | V P S Badnore | |
| 16 |  | Charanjit Singh Channi (b. 1963) (Chamkaur Sahib) | 20 September 2021 | 16 March 2022 | 177 days | Banwarilal Purohit | ||||
| 17 | | Bhagwant Mann (b. 1973) (Dhuri) | 16 March 2022 | Incumbent | 3 years, 337 days | Aam Aadmi Party | 2022 | Sixteenth | ||
| Rank | Chief Minister | Party | Start | End | Tenure length (term) | Tenure length (total) | Reason for exit | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prakash Singh Badal | Shiromani Akali Dal | 27 March 1970 | 14 June 1971 | 1 year, 79 days | 18 years, 350 days | Loss of majority | |
| 20 June 1977 | 17 February 1980 | 2 years, 242 days | Government dismissed | |||||
| 12 February 1997 | 26 February 2002 | 5 years, 14 days | Loss of election | |||||
| 1 March 2007 | 16 March 2017 | 10 years, 15 days | Loss of election | |||||
| 2 | Amarinder Singh | Indian National Congress | 26 February 2002 | 1 March 2007 | 5 years, 3 days | 9 years, 191 days | Loss of election | |
| 16 March 2017 | 20 September 2021 | 4 years, 188 days | Resigned | |||||
| 3 | Partap Singh Kairon | Indian National Congress | 23 January 1956 | 21 June 1964 | 8 years, 150 days | Resigned | ||
| 4 | Zail Singh | Indian National Congress | 17 March 1972 | 30 April 1977 | 5 years, 44 days | Government dismissed | ||
| 5 | Bhim Sen Sachar | Indian National Congress | 13 April 1949 | 18 October 1949 | 188 days | 4 years, 104 days | Resigned | |
| 17 April 1952 | 23 January 1956 | 3 years, 281 days | Resigned | |||||
| 6 | Bhagwant Mann | Aam Aadmi Party | 16 March 2022 | Incumbent | 3 years, 337 days | Incumbent | ||
| 7 | Beant Singh | Indian National Congress | 25 February 1992 | 31 August 1995 | 3 years, 187 days | Assassinated | ||
| 8 | Gopi Chand Bhargava | Indian National Congress | 15 August 1947 | 13 April 1949 | 1 Year, 241 days | 3 years. 136 days | Resigned | |
| 18 October 1949 | 20 June 1951 | 1 year, 245 days | Government dismissed | |||||
| 21 June 1964 | 6 July 1964 | 15 days | Resigned | |||||
| 9 | Darbara Singh | Indian National Congress | 6 June 1980 | 6 October 1983 | 3 years, 122 days | Government dismissed | ||
| 10 | Ram Kishan | Indian National Congress | 7 July 1964 | 5 July 1966 | 1 year, 262 days | Government dismissed | ||
| 11 | Gurnam Singh | Akali Dal Sant Fateh Singh Group | 8 March 1967 | 25 November 1967 | 262 days | 1 year, 300 days | Loss of majority | |
| Shiromani Akali Dal | 17 February 1969 | 27 March 1970 | 1 year, 38 days | Resigned | ||||
| 12 | Surjit Singh Barnala | Shiromani Akali Dal | 29 September 1985 | 11 June 1987 | 1 year, 255 days | Government dismissed | ||
| 13 | Harcharan Singh Brar | Indian National Congress | 31 August 1995 | 21 November 1996 | 1 year, 82 days | Resigned | ||
| 14 | Lachhman Singh Gill | Punjab Janata Party | 25 November 1967 | 23 August 1968 | 272 days | Loss of majority | ||
| 15 | Charanjit Singh Channi | Indian National Congress | 20 September 2021 | 16 March 2022 | 177 days | Loss of election | ||
| 16 | Gurmukh Singh Musafir | Indian National Congress | 1 November 1866 | 8 March 1967 | 127 days | Loss of election | ||
| 17 | Rajinder Kaur Bhattal | Indian National Congress | 21 November 1996 | 11 February 1997 | 82 days | Loss of election | ||
| - | President rule | N/A | 20 June 1951 | 17 April 1952 | 302 days | 9 years, 223 days | N/A | |
| 5 July 1966 | 1 November 1966 | 199 days | ||||||
| 23 August 1968 | 17 February 1969 | 178 days | ||||||
| 14 June 1971 | 17 March 1972 | 277 days | ||||||
| 30 April 1977 | 20 June 1977 | 51 days | ||||||
| 17 February 1980 | 6 June 1980 | 110 days | ||||||
| 6 October 1983 | 29 September 1985 | 1 year, 358 days | ||||||
| 11 June 1987 | 25 February 1992 | 4 years, 259 days | ||||||
