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Chet (month)

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First month of the Punjabi calendar

Chet (Shahmukhi:چیت;Gurmukhi:ਚੇਤ,Punjabi pronunciation:[t͡ʃeːt̪ᵊ]) is the first month of thePunjabi calendar as well as theNanakshahi calendar, which is used withinSikhism.^[1]^[2] The Nanakshahi solar month begins on March 14th and ends on April 14th, being followed byVaisakh.^[3] It is the first month of the Nanakshahi calendar, however the Punjabi peasantry celebrate their new year on Vaisakh 1 on April 14th as it is when their harvest is due.^[4] The traditional Punjabi Bikrami lunisolar month begins on the day after the Phaggan full moon and ends on the Chet full moon.

This month coincides withChaitra in theHindu calendar and theIndian national calendar, and March and April in theGregorian andJulian calendars and is 31 days long.

Important events during this month

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March

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14 March (1 Chet) – Nanakshahi New Year
14 March (1 Chet) –Gur Gadi ofGuru Har Rai
19 March (6 Chet) –Joti Jot ofGuru Hargobind
Hola Mohalla

April

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9 April (27 Chet) – Birthday ofSahibzada Jujhar Singh Ji
14 April (1 Vaisakh) – The end of the month Chet and the start ofVaisakh

Hindu Festivals Based on Lunar Dates

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First Monday or Friday of Chet: Basadiya (ਬਸਾਡੀਆ) - A festival observed on the first Monday or Friday of Chet after Holi which is dedicated to GoddessShitala. Noo fire or stove is lit at home and no cooking is done on this day for protection against disease. Only cold and stale food cooked on the day before is eaten on this day. Sweets such asgulgule are offered at shrines of Shitala which range from large temples to small village mounds.
Chet 16-24:Chet Naurate/Basant Naurate (ਚੇਤ ਨੌਰਤੇ/ਬਸੰਤ ਨੌਰਤੇ) - A nine day period dedicated to Goddess Durga and her nine forms which marks the beginning of the Hindu lunar year. TheNaurate ofAssu is more significant.
Chet 24:Ram Naumi (ਰਾਮ ਨੌਮੀ) - The last day ofChet Naurate which commemorates the culmination of the springDevi worship period and the birth ofRama, the seventhavatar of LordVishnu.

Hindu Festivals Based on Solar Dates

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The following festival may fall in the month of Chet or Vaisakh:

April 13/14:Vaisakhi (ਵੈਸਾਖੀ) - A festival marking the sun's transit intoMesha (Aries), the approaching summer, and the beginning of the Hindu solar year. It is observed as a day of thanksgiving to celebrate the harvest of theRabi crops. Devotees take purifying dips into local waterbodies, rivers, andsarovars while offering prayers toSurya and donate fruits, water pitchers, and other summer items to the poor for the approaching summer heat. Vaisakhi is also a very important holy day for Sikhs as it commemorates the day whenGuru Gobind Singh Ji established theKhalsa Panth. The Sikh celebrations usually involvenagar kirtans. This festival is known asMesha Sankranti,Puthandu,Vishu,Bisu Parba,Buisu,Bohag Bihu,Maha Bishuba Sankranti,Pohela Boishakh,Jur Sital,Bizhu, andSangken in other regions of South Asia.

References

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^Melton, J. Gordon (13 September 2011).Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations. ABC-CLIO. p. 162.ISBN 978-1-59884-205-0.
^Mishra, Vinod K. (2020). "4.3 The Nanakshahi Calendar (Tropical-Solar) - Months of Nanakshahi Calendar".Calendars of India. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 34–35.ISBN 9788120842762.
^Melton, J. Gordon, ed. (13 September 2011). "The Nanakshahi Calendar of the Sikhs".Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 162–163.ISBN 9781598842067.
^Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W. H. (11 June 2014). "NANAKSHAHI CALENDAR".Historical Dictionary of Sikhism (3rd ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 223–224.ISBN 9781442236011.