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Chess.com

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Internet chess server

Chess.com, LLC
Chess.com homepage
Type of businessInternet chess server,Social media website
Type of site
Internet chess server
Available in57 languages
List of languages
Afrikaans, Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Bengali, Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Chinese (Hong Kong), Chinese (Taiwan), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, Flemish, French, Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malay, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Portuguese (Brazil), Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Tagalog, Turkish, Turkmen, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Vietnamese
FoundedMay 2007; 17 years ago (2007-05)
Headquarters
Founder(s)
  • Erik Allebest
  • Jay Severson
Key people
  • Erik Allebest (CEO)
  • Jay Severson (chief technical advisor)
  • Daniel Rensch (chief chess officer)
  • Brenan Klain (chief marketing officer)
IndustryInternet
Employees650+[1]
URLwww.chess.comEdit this at Wikidata
RegistrationOptional
Users150 million+
Current statusActive
Written inJava,[2]JavaScript,PHP

Chess.com is aninternet chess server andsocial networking website.[3] One of the largest chess platforms in the world,[4] the site has afreemium model in which some features are available for free, some via subscription. Users can play liveonline chess together indaily,rapid,blitz, orbullettime controls, with a number ofchess variants available. Other offerings include play versus achess engine, computer analysis,chess puzzles, and teaching resources.

Chess.com said it reached 100 million users on December 16, 2022,[5] and had about 11 million daily active users as of April 2023.[6] Chess.com has hosted online tournaments, including Titled Tuesdays, thePRO Chess League, the Speed Chess Championships,PogChamps, Online Chess Olympiads, andcomputer vs. computer events.

History

[edit]

Founding

[edit]

The domain Chess.com was set up in 1995 by Aficionado, a company based inBerkeley, California, to sellChess Mentor, a chess-tutoring app.[7] In 2005, Internet entrepreneur Erik Allebest and partner Jarom "Jay" Severson, who met as undergraduate students atBrigham Young University, bought the domain name and assembled a team of software developers to redevelop the site as a chess portal.[8] The site was relaunched in 2007 with heavy campaigning and promotion onsocial media.[3]

Two years later, Chess.com acquired a similar chess social networking site, chesspark.com.[9] In October 2013, it acquired theAmsterdam-based chessvibes.com,[10] a chess news site founded and operated by Dutch chess journalist Peter Doggers. Chessvibes continued to cover chess tournaments in a digital setting.[11][12]

Growth in the 2010s

[edit]

In 2014, the site announced that over a billion live games had been played on the site, including 100 million correspondence games.[13] In January 2016, Chess.com announced a two-year overhaul of its "v3" interface.[14] The site introduced features including computer analysis of games, and thechess variants ofcrazyhouse,three-check chess,king of the hill,chess960, atomic andbughouse.[14] In June 2017, the2,147,483,647th (231-1) game was played. This caused the app to stop working on 32-bitApple iOS devices because the number wastoo large to be represented in device storage.[15][16]

In May 2018, Chess.com acquired the commercial chess engineKomodo, which held anElo rating of 3300+, third behindStockfish andHoudini.[17] The Komodo team also announced the addition of the probabilistic method ofMonte Carlo tree search machine learning, the same methods used by the recent chess projectsAlphaZero andLeela Chess Zero.[18]

In November 2020, Chess.com acquired the rights to broadcast theWorld Chess Championship 2021, which is broadcast on live-streaming platformTwitch.[19]

Response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine

[edit]

In response to the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Chess.com published two articles that were critical of the invasion and replaced Russian and Belarusian flags with grey flags that linked to these articles. In retaliation, Chess.com was blocked in Russia. The site blockedSergey Karjakin, Russian (formerly Ukrainian) grandmaster, over his support for the invasion, and Karjakin in turn supported Russia's block of the website.[20][21][22][23]

Chess cheating controversy

[edit]
Main article:Carlsen–Niemann controversy

In September 2022, Chess.com was caught in a controversy regardingcheating in professional chess games. Acontroversy erupted with accusations by grandmasterMagnus Carlsen againstHans Niemann.[24][25] Leaked emails revealed that some people cheated on the Chess.com platform in games involving prize money and that Chess.com removed some players' accounts, including grandmasterMaxim Dlugy, who had been found to be cheating.[26] In August 2023, aUS District Court judge dismissed the lawsuit filed by Niemann.[27]

Chess.com Global Championship

[edit]

In November 2022, The Chess.com Global Championship was inaugurated with a $1,000,000 prize pool.[28] 8 players that advanced from the CGC Knockout competed for a $500,000 total prize fund and Global Champion title in the finals taking place inToronto, Canada.Wesley So became the first Chess.com Global Champion, defeatingNihal Sarin in the finals with a match score of 4.5–1.5.[29]

Torch
Original author(s)Finn Eggers, Andrew Grant, Jay Honnold, Kim Kåhre, Dietrich Kappe, Michael Whiteley[30]
Developer(s)Chess.com
TypeChess engine
Websitewww.chess.com Edit this on Wikidata

Torch

[edit]

Torch is aclosed-source chess engine created by Chess.com.[30][31] Torch has finished second in severalChess.com Computer Chess Championship events, only behindStockfish in each case.[32] It initially participated in the tournament under the name "Mystery".[31][33] It is freely useable through Chess.com's analysis page.[34] It has also been tested by somechess engine rating lists.[35][36]

The team behind Torch is composed of Andrew Grant (author ofEthereal), Finn Eggers and Kim Kåhre (authors ofKoivisto), Jay Honnold (author ofBerserk), and Michael Whiteley and Dietrich Kappe (current authors ofDragon).[30] The former authors of Dragon, Mark Lefler andLarry Kaufman, are advisors on this project.[31] The development of Torch is supported by many open-source tools, including pytorch-nnue, Cutechess, and OpenBench.[30][31] Torch developers have stated that the entire source code of Torch is original, with no code being used from any other engine.[30][31]

Subsidiary companies

[edit]

ChessKid.com

[edit]
For the Australian company, seeChess Kids.

Chess.com runs the subsidiary site ChessKid.com for chess players that are under the minimum age requirement for Chess.com.[37]

ChessKid.com has run a yearly online championship called CONIC (the ChessKid Online National Invitational Championship), since 2012 which is recognized by theUnited States Chess Federation.[38][39] According to David Petty, the event organizer in 2013, ChessKid has made agreements and partnerships with chess associations in schools. In 2014, for a trial period.[37] They have a long-term partnership with the NTCA (North Texas Chess Academy) which gives children access to online instructors.[40]

Play Magnus Group

[edit]

In August 2022, thePlay Magnus Group accepted an offer to be acquired by Chess.com at a value of 800 millionkr (US$80 million). The Play Magnus Group owns brands and businesses including the chess serverchess24, the mobile appPlay Magnus, the Champions Chess Tour, and the chess improvement website Chessable. On December 16, 2022, the acquisition was officially closed.[41][42] According toDot Esports, the Play Magnus Group was unable to make a "sustainable profit" on anything but Chessable, and the merge left "no other realistic chess competitor" except the free, open-sourceLichess.[43]

Tournaments and events

[edit]

Speed Chess Championship

[edit]

Chess.com has held the Speed Chess Championship annually since 2016, involving a single-elimination tournament featuring some of the world's best players. Nakamura has won five championships, while Carlsen has won four.[44]

Tournament formula

[edit]

The most important elements of the tournament formula:[45]

  • 16-player single-elimination bracket
  • Matches consist of three segments: 90 minutes of 5+1, 60 minutes of 3+1, and 30 minutes of 1+1.
  • The player with the most cumulative points at the end of the match wins.
  • Games that start before the time for a segment runs out count toward the final score.
  • Players can resign from the match within the last 10 minutes of the 1+1 segment, with the player's win percentage being capped at 35%.
  • In case of equal number of points – tiebreaks:
    • A four-game 1+1 match.
    • A single bidding armageddon game with a base time of 5 minutes.

Winners of Speed Chess Championships

[edit]
NoYearWinnerRunner-upFinal scorePrize fund
12016[46]Magnus CarlsenHikaru Nakamura14.5–10.5$40,000
22017[47]Magnus CarlsenHikaru Nakamura18–9$50,000
32018[48]Hikaru NakamuraWesley So15.5–12.5$55,000
42019[49]Hikaru NakamuraWesley So19.5–14.5$50,000
52020[50]Hikaru NakamuraMaxime Vachier-Lagrave18.5–12.5$100,000
62021[51]Hikaru NakamuraWesley So23–8$100,000
72022[52]Hikaru NakamuraMagnus Carlsen14.5–13.5$100,000
82023[53]Magnus CarlsenHikaru Nakamura13.5–12.5$150,000
92024[54]Magnus CarlsenAlireza Firouzja23.5-7.5$175,000

Daily Chess Championships

[edit]

Tournament formula

[edit]

The tournament starts on January 1 and, depending on the number of participants, consists of 4 or 5 rounds.[a] All players are divided into groups (up to 12 people[b]), and only the winners advance to the next round.[c] Players play in each round a maximum of 22 games simultaneously (with each opponent as White and Black), with a maximum of one day allocated for each move. So it can be considered a form ofcorrespondence chess. The winner of the Championship is the player who accumulates the most points in the final round.

Winners of Daily Chess Championships

[edit]
NoYearGoldSilverBronzeNumber of players
12018[55]Jbd735 USA Rob King RUS Alexey Zimin7344
22019[56] GER Sascha GrimmJbd735 NEDDaan Brandenburg11609
32020[57] DEN Uffe Vinther-Schou RUSAndrei Belozerov TUR Irmak Sipahioglu16831
42021[58] DEN Uffe Vinther-Schou RUSAndrei Belozerov UKR Leonid Starozhilov
 POLMarcin Szymański		16505
52022[59] USANefariousNebula RUSAndrei Belozerov USAvolunteers199833633
62023[60] POLMarcin Szymański RUSDanilinDP POLKacper Drozdowski35000
72024[61] INApatzers UKR Yury Galichin USASchadenfreude560466
82025[62]???24760
Italic font - only usernames available on the chess.com platform.

PRO Chess League

[edit]

Winners of PRO Chess League

[edit]
NoYearWinnerRunner-upFinal score
12017[63]St. Louis Arch BishopsNorway Gnomes9–7
22018[64]Armenia EaglesChengdu Pandas12–11
32019[65]St. Louis Arch BishopsBaden-Baden Snowballs10–6
42020[66]St. Louis Arch BishopsCanada Chessbrahs/Chengde Panda9.5-6.5
52021[67]Russia WizardsSt. Louis Arch Bishops9–7
62023[68]Gotham KnightsShanghai Tigers9.5-6.5

Titled Tuesdays

[edit]

Titled Tuesday is an 11-roundSwiss-system 3+1blitz chess tournament held twice every Tuesday where all entrants must have achess title and their full legal name displayed on their Chess.com account.[69] The event started as a monthly 9 round tournament. The first edition was held on October 28, 2014 with a total prize fund of $1000, including $500 for first place, and was won byBaadur Jobava.[70] It became a weekly event on April 7, 2020, permanently became 11 rounds on October 20, 2020, and on February 1, 2022, the prize fund went from $1600 to $2500, with $1000 for first place, and two events began to be held every week instead of one.[71] As of August 28, 2024, GMHikaru Nakamura has the most tournament wins since October 2020 with 77, followed by GMMagnus Carlsen with 20, and GMDmitry Andreikin with 17. Other super grandmaster winners includeMaxime Vachier-Lagrave,Alexander Grischuk,Alireza Firouzja,Wesley So,Ian Nepomniachtchi, andFabiano Caruana.[69]

In June 2018, Chess.com held a special version of the tournament for which the winner would go on to participate in the Isle of Man International which had a prize fund of £144,000.[72] Iranian GMPouria Darini won the event.[73]

Death Matches

[edit]

Death Matches were introduced in January 2012. They featuretitled players taking part in a series of blitz games over a non-stop 3-hour period (5-minute, 3-minute and 1-minute, all with a one-second increment).[74] There have been 38 deathmatches, participants including the grandmastersHikaru Nakamura,Dmitry Andreikin,Maxime Vachier-Lagrave,Lê Quang Liêm,Wesley So,Fabiano Caruana,Judit Polgár andNigel Short.[75]

Chess.com Computer Chess Championship

[edit]

In November 2017, Chess.com held an open tournament, called theChess.com Computer Chess Championship (CCCC, later CCC), with the ten strongest chess engines, with $2,500 in prize money. The top-two engines competed in a "Superfinal" tournament between the two finalists –Stockfish andHoudini. In the 20-game Superfinal, Stockfish won over Houdini with a score 10.5–9.5. Five games were decisive, with 15 ending in a draw. Of the decisive games, three games were won by Stockfish, and two by Houdini.[76][77]

In August 2018, the site announced that the Chess.com Computer Chess Championship had returned, this time as a non-stop tournament for chess engines.[78][79]

Main events
EventYearTime controlsWinnerRunner-upRef
Computer Chess Championship201715+2Stockfish (1)Houdini[77][76]
CCC 1: Rapid Rumble201815+5Stockfish (2)Houdini[80]
CCC 2: Blitz Battle20185+2Stockfish (3)Komodo[81]
CCC 3: Rapid Redux201930+5Stockfish (4)Leela Chess Zero[82]
CCC 4: Bullet Brawl20191+2Stockfish (5)Leela Chess Zero[83]
CCC 5: Escalation201910+5Stockfish (6)Leela Chess Zero[84]
CCC 6: Winter Classic201910+10Stockfish (7)Leela Chess Zero[85]
CCC 7: Blitz Bonanza20195+2Leela Chess Zero (1)Stockfish[86]
CCC 8: Deep Dive201915+5Stockfish (8)Leela Chess Zero[87]
CCC 9: The Gauntlet20195+2, 10+5Stockfish (9)Leelenstein[88]
CCC 10: Double Digits201910+3Leelenstein (1)Stockfish[89]
CCC 11201930+5Leela Chess Zero (2)Stockfish[90]
CCC 12: Bullet Madness!20201+1Leela Chess Zero (3)Leelenstein[91]
CCC 13: Heptagonal20205+5Leela Chess Zero (4)Stockfish[92]
CCC 14202015+5, 5+2, 1+1Leela Chess Zero (5)Leelenstein[93]
CCC Blitz 202020205+5Stockfish (10)Leela Chess Zero[94]
CCC Rapid 2021202115+3Stockfish (11)Leela Chess Zero[95]
CCC Blitz 202120215+5Stockfish (12)Leela Chess Zero[96]
CCC Chess 960 Blitz20215+5Stockfish (13)Dragon[97]
CCC 16: Rapid202115+3Stockfish (14)Leela Chess Zero[98]
CCC 16: Bullet20212+1Stockfish (15)Dragon[99]
CCC 16: Blitz20225+5Stockfish (16)Dragon[100]
CCC 17: Rapid202215+3Stockfish (17)Dragon[101]
CCC 17: Bullet20222+1Stockfish (18)Dragon[102]
CCC 17: Blitz20225+5Stockfish (19)Leela Chess Zero[103]
CCC 18: Rapid202215+3Stockfish (20)Leela Chess Zero[104]
CCC 19: Blitz20225+5Stockfish (21)Dragon[105]
CCC 19: Rapid202215+3Stockfish (22)Leela Chess Zero[106]
CCC 19: Bullet20231+1Stockfish (23)Dragon[107]
CCC 20: Blitz20233+2Stockfish (24)Dragon[108]
CCC 20: Rapid202310+3Stockfish (25)Leela Chess Zero[109]
CCC 20: Bullet20231+1Stockfish (26)Torch[110]
CCC 21: Blitz20233+2Stockfish (27)Torch[111]
CCC 21: Rapid202310+3Stockfish (28)Leela Chess Zero[112]
CCC 21: Bullet20231+1Stockfish (29)Torch[113]
CCC 22: Blitz20243+2Stockfish (30)Torch[114]
CCC 22: Rapid202410+3Stockfish (31)Leela Chess Zero[115]
CCC 22: Bullet20241+1Stockfish (32)Torch[116]
CCC 23: Blitz20243+2Stockfish (33)Torch[117]
CCC 23: Rapid202410+3Stockfish (34)Leela Chess Zero[118]
Bonus
EventYearTime ControlsWinnerRunner-upRef
CPU Blitz Madness20203+2Stockfishan older version ofStockfish[119]
Trillion-Node Throwdown III2020150+5StockfishLeela Chess Zero on the CPU[120]
No-Castle II20205+2Stockfishan older version ofStockfish[121]
Bullet Chess is Fun20202+1StockfishLeela Chess Zero[122]
Checkmate in 420203+2StockfishLeela Chess Zero[123]
Odds Ladder20203+2StockfishLeela Chess Zero[124]
Merry Queen Sac20202+1StockfishStoofvlees[125]
Budapest Bullet20202+1Leela Chess ZeroStockfish[126]
King Gambit Madness20215+5StockfishLeela Chess Zero[127]
Drawkiller Update Party20212+1StockfishLeela Chess Zero[128]
To Castle Or Not To Castle II20213+2StockfishLeela Chess Zero[129]
Eco Mega-Match 2 (part 1)20211+1StockfishLeela Chess Zero[130]
Eco Mega-Match 2 (part 2)20211+1StockfishLeela Chess Zero[131]
Caro-Kann Special20215+2StockfishLeela Chess Zero[132]
King's Indian Defense Special202110+2Leela Chess ZeroStockfish[133]
Dutch Defense Special202110+2StockfishLeela Chess Zero[134]
Evans Gambit Madness202110+2Leela Chess ZeroStockfish[135]
Sicilian Najdorf Special202110+2StockfishDragon[136]
Belgian Stew20212+1StockfishLeela Chess Zero[137]
Saragossa20212+1Leela Chess ZeroStockfish[138]
Double Bongcloud, Rapid202110+2Leela Chess ZeroStockfish[139]
The Hillbilly Attack202110+2Leela Chess ZeroDragon[140]
Romantic Openings: Danish Gambit Accepted20213+2StockfishDragon[141]
Romantic Openings: Evans Gambit Accepted20213+2StockfishLeela Chess Zero[142]
Romantic Openings: Urusov Gambit Accepted20215+2StockfishDragon[143]
Romantic Openings: Blackmar-Diemer Gambit20215+2StockfishDragon[144]
Romantic Openings: Stafford Gambit20211+2Leela Chess ZeroStockfish[145]
Romantic Openings: Calabrese Countergambit20215+2StockfishLeela Chess Zero[146]
Romantic Openings: Traxler Counterattack20215+2Leela Chess ZeroStockfish[147]
No Black Castling20225+5StockfishDragon[148]
Draw Killer202215+5StockfishLeela Chess Zero[149]
Romantic Openings: Wing Gambit20225+2StockfishLeela Chess Zero[150]
Chess 324 Bonus20225+2StockfishDragon[151]
Classical Cup #1202330+5StockfishLeela Chess Zero[152]
Rating Brawl: Fall 202320231+1StockfishTorch[153]

PogChamps

[edit]
Main article:PogChamps

Chess.com has hosted PogChamps, an amateur online tournament featuringTwitch streamers, since 2020. The first PogChamps featured streamers includingxQcOW,MoistCr1TiKaL,Ludwig Ahgren, andforsen. New participants from PogChamps 2 includeditsHafu andHafþór Júlíus Björnsson.[154] PogChamps 3, beginning in February 2021, debuted with a wider range of Internet personalities and celebrities, with new competitors includingMrBeast,Neekolul,Myth,Pokimane, actorRainn Wilson, and rapperLogic.[155]

Coaches

[edit]

Chess.com provides an extensive feature for connecting withprofessional chess coaches.[156] Users can search for coaches atChess.com Coaches Club[157] based on rating, language, and availability, and view detailed profiles that include teaching styles, experience, and rates. Coaches include top players like:José Eduardo Martínez Alcántara,[158]Raunak Sadhwani,[159] andBenjamin Bok.[160]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Since 2020, due to the steadily growing number of players, a 5-round format is necessary.
  2. ^If the number of all players in a given round is not divisible by 12, smaller groups are created. In case all groups cannot be of the same size, players with the highest rankings go to smaller groups.
  3. ^In case of equal points, all winners in the group advance.

References

[edit]
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