In Russian, the city is calledЧерке́сск (Čerkessk)[9] and has similar names in the languages of the city's other major ethnic groups. InKarachay, it isЧеркесск (Çerkessk)[9] orЧеркесск шахар (Çerkessk şahar); inKabardian, it isШэрджэс къалэ (Şărdjăs qală) orЧерке́сск (Čerkessk);[9] inAbaza, it isЧеркес къала (Čerkes q̇ala) orЧеркесск (Čerkessk);[9] inNogai, it isШеркеш шахар (Şerkeş şahar) and inChechen, it isЧеркесск (Čerkessk).
For its first century of existence, Cherkessk was astanitsa, a village inside a Cossack host, which from 1825 to 1931 was namedBatalpashinskaya stanitsa (Russian:Баталпашинская станицаBatalpašinskaja stanica)[9] and nicknamedPashinka (ПашинкаPašinka) In 1931, it was renamedBatalpashinsk (БаталпашинскBatałpašinsk),[10][9] and then in quick successionSulimov (СулимовSulimov) in 1934[10][9] forDaniil Sulimov, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR, and following Sulimov's execution in theGreat Purge,Yezhovo-Cherkessk (Ежово-ЧеркесскJežovo-Čerkessk) in 1937[10][9] forNikolai Yezhov, head of the NKVD. With Yezhov's arrest, the initial "Yezhovo-" was dropped, and the city received its present name in 1939.[10][9]
Extract from the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee
What is now Cherkessk was established in 1804 as aRussian military fort on theKuban River, what was then the border withCircassia, on the spot where in 1790 Russian troops under the command of GeneralJohann Hermann von Fersen (Ivan Ivanovich Herman fon Fersen) defeated theOttoman Batal Pasha.[10] In honor of the victory over Batal Pasha, the fort was named Batalpashinskaya; it was aredoubt surrounded by an earthen rampart and ditch.[10] (That the fort was named for an enemy leader may have led villagers to prefer the nicknamePashinka.)
Friendship of the People's Monument
The settlement itself was founded as theCossackstanitsa of Batalpashinskaya near the Russian Army outpost. The officially recognized year of founding of Batalpashinskaya and modern Cherkessk is 1825. However, the Cossack settlers from the Khopyour and Kuban regiments began arriving in the newly organizedstanitsa not earlier than spring of 1826.[11] In 1860, the village was designated as the administrative center of theBatalpashinsky Otdel of theKuban Oblast.[10] A decree of 30 December 1869 byTsar Alexander II transformed the village into a city of Batalpashinsk but the decree was never implemented,[12] and Batalpashinskaya remained astanitsa until the Soviet times. In 1888, the village became a seat of one of Kuban's seven departments.
Cherkessk is home to the following education institutions:
North Caucasian State Academy: civil engineering, mechanical engineering, energy engineering, business management, accounting, finance, medical school. www.kchgta.ru[21]
The Cherkessk speedway team (under various nicknames) regularly participated in theSoviet Union Championship from 1972 through to 1992[24] and then during 1993, in theRussian Championship, winning the bronze medal in 1993.[25][26]
^В. А. Колесников. Былое Невинного Мыса. К 185-летию переселения Хопёрского казачьего полка на Кубань и основания станицы Невиномысской. Ставрополь. «ЮРКИТ» 2011.(in Russian)
^Филиппов Е. В. Город Баталпашинск: проекты и реалии.(in Russian)
Народное Собрание (Парламент) Карачаево-Черкесской Республики. Закон №84-РЗ от 24 февраля 2004 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Карачаево-Черкесской Республики», в ред. Закона №34-РЗ от 5 июля 2011 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Карачаево-Черкесской Республики в связи с изменением наименования должности высшего должностного лица Карачаево-Черкесской Республики». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "День Республики", №36-37 (16431), 28 февраля 2004 г. (People's Assembly (Parliament) of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic. Law #84-RZ of February 24, 2004On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic, as amended by the Law #34-RZ of July 5, 2011On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic Due to the Change of the Title of the Top Executive Position of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic. Effective as of the official publication date.).
Народное Собрание (Парламент) Карачаево-Черкесской Республики. Закон №41-РЗ от 7 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципального образования города Черкесска и наделении его статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №35-РЗ от 23 июня 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Карачаево-Черкесской Республики "Об установлении границ муниципального образования города Черкесска и наделении его статусом городского округа"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "День Республики", №207–208 (16602), 14 декабря 2004 г. (People's Assembly (Parliament) of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic. Law #41-RZ of December 7, 2004On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Cherkessk and on Granting It Urban Okrug Status, as amended by the Law #35-RZ of June 23, 2014On Amending the Law of the Karachay–Cherkess Republic "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Cherkessk and on Granting It Urban Okrug Status". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
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