Cheng Zihua | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
程子华 | |||||||
 Cheng Zihua | |||||||
| Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | |||||||
| In office 12 September 1980 – 10 April 1988 | |||||||
| Chairman | Deng Xiaoping Deng Yingchao | ||||||
| Minister of Civil Affairs | |||||||
| In office 5 March 1978 – 4 May 1982 | |||||||
| Premier | Hua Guofeng Zhao Ziyang | ||||||
| Preceded by | New title | ||||||
| Succeeded by | Cui Naifu | ||||||
| Minister of Commerce | |||||||
| In office 11 September 1958 – 18 February 1960 | |||||||
| Premier | Zhou Enlai | ||||||
| Preceded by | Chen Yun | ||||||
| Succeeded by | Yao Yilin | ||||||
| Party Secretary of Shanxi | |||||||
| In office August 1949 – February 1951 | |||||||
| Preceded by | New title | ||||||
| Succeeded by | Lai Ruoyu | ||||||
| Governor of Shanxi | |||||||
| In office August 1949 – February 1951 | |||||||
| Preceded by | Office established | ||||||
| Succeeded by | Pei Lisheng | ||||||
| Personal details | |||||||
| Born | (1905-06-20)20 June 1905 | ||||||
| Died | 30 March 1991(1991-03-30) (aged 85) | ||||||
| Political party | Chinese Communist Party | ||||||
| Spouse | Zhang Hui | ||||||
| Children | 2 | ||||||
| Alma mater | Republic of China Military Academy | ||||||
| Military service | |||||||
| Allegiance |  People's Republic of China | ||||||
| Branch/service |  People's Liberation Army Ground Force | ||||||
| Years of service | 1926–1950 | ||||||
| Rank | Army group commander (Equivalent toSenior general) | ||||||
| Battles/wars | Second Sino-Japanese War Chinese Civil War | ||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 程子华 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 程子華 | ||||||
| |||||||
Cheng Zihua (Chinese:程子华; June 20, 1905 – March 30, 1991) was aPeople's Republic of China politician and military general.[1] He was born inYuncheng,Shanxi Province. He was the 1stChinese Communist PartyCommittee Secretary and governor of his home province. He was a delegate to the3rd (1964-1975),4th (1975-1978) and5th (1978-1983)National People's Congress. Cheng was an important part of theThird Front campaign to develop basic and national defense industry in China's interior.
At 21 years old in 1927, Cheng joined the Communist Party.[2]: 98 He participated inJiangxi Soviet, was part of theLong March, and fought against Japan during theSecond-Sino Japanese War and against the Nationalists during the on-goingChinese Civil War.[2]: 98
In 1949, Cheng became the Party Secretary ofShanxi.[2]: 98 He later served as Minister of Commerce and Vice Director of the Planning Commission.[2]: 98
Cheng strongly supported the Third Front campaign to develop basic industry and national defense industry in China's interior.[2]: 97 Cheng wrote in his memoirs, "Preparing for war was absolutely necessary" because (1) the United States "had launched a war of aggression against Vietnam at our southern border" and (2) because of increasing Soviet hostility towards China, "the situation at our northern border was very tense.."[2]: 97 In Cheng's ultimate evaluation, the Third Front was a major success because it had rectified "the almost total lack of industry in the interior" which had existed before 1949 and persisted into the 1960s.[2]: 97
As part of his work on the Third Front, Cheng led an investigative team that conducted regional surveys to start preparations for theChengdu-Kunming railroad and industrial complexes nearPanzhihua,Liupanshui, andChongqing.[2]: 125 Cheng first visited Panzhihua in mid-1964 when only eight households lived there.[2]: 170 In his memoirs, Cheng highlights Panzhihua's suitability for a strategic industrial rear because its "lofty mountains and steep hills" would make it difficult for enemy infantry to access or for enemy airplanes to bomb.[2]: 170
Before beginning to conduct the surveys, Cheng led the team to study Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai's comments on the Third Front in order to emphasize the importance of the Third Front campaign;[2]: 125–126 Cheng also led the team in discussion sessions focused on Mao's textsOn Practice,On Contradiction, andOppose Book Worship in a further effort to build ideological cohesion among the team.[2]: 126
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| New title | Party Secretary of Shanxi 1949–1951 | Succeeded by |
| Government offices | ||
| New title | Governor of Shanxi 1949–1951 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Minister of Commerce 1958–1960 | Succeeded by |
| New title | Minister of Civil Affairs 1978–1982 | Succeeded by Cui Naifu |
| Military offices | ||
| New title | Commander ofShanxi Military District 1949–1950 | Succeeded by |
| Political Commissar ofShanxi Military District 1949–1950 | Succeeded by | |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
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