Cheetham Hill Cheetham
Cheetham Hill Road
Cheetham Hill Location withinGreater Manchester
Population	22,562 (2011 Census)
OS grid reference	SD846009
• London	164 mi (264 km)SE
Metropolitan borough	Manchester
Metropolitan county	Greater Manchester
Region	North West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	MANCHESTER
Postcode district	M8
Dialling code	0161
Police	Greater Manchester
Fire	Greater Manchester
Ambulance	North West
UK Parliament	Manchester Central
Councillors	Shazia Butt (Labour) Shaukat Ali (Labour) Naeem Hassam (Labour)
List of places UK England Greater Manchester 53°30′14″N2°13′52″W / 53.504°N 2.231°W /53.504; -2.231

Cheetham is aninner-city area andelectoral ward ofManchester, England, which in 2011 had a population of 22,562.^[1] It lies on the west bank of theRiver Irk, 1.4 miles (2.3 km) north ofManchester city centre, close to the boundary withSalford, bounded byCrumpsall to the north,Broughton to the west,Harpurhey to the east, andPiccadilly andDeansgate to the south.

Historically part ofLancashire, Cheetham was atownship in the parish ofManchester and hundred ofSalford. It was amalgamated into the Borough of Manchester in 1838, and in 1896 became part of theNorth Manchester.^[2][3]

Cheetham is home to a multi-ethnic community, a result of several waves ofimmigration to Britain.^[4] In the mid-19th century, it attractedIrish people fleeing theGreat Famine. It is now home to the Irish World Heritage Centre.^[5]Jews settled in the late-19th and early-20th centuries, fleeing persecution incontinental Europe. Migrants fromPakistan and theCaribbean settled in the 1950s and 1960s, and more recently people fromAfrica,Eastern Europe and theFar East.^[4]

Heavilyurbanised following theIndustrial Revolution, Cheetham is bisected byCheetham Hill Road, which is lined with churches, mosques, synagogues and temples, as well asterraced houses dating from its history as atextile processing district. Markets along the road trade in wares and foodstuffs from all over the world.^[4] TheMuseum of Transport in Manchester in Boyle Street, Cheetham, is part of Queen's Road bus depot.

The nameCheetham is first attested in the late twelfth century, asCheteham, followed by thirteenth-century attestations includingChetam andChetham. The first element of the name comes from theCommon Brittonic word that survives in modern Welsh ascoed ("woodland"). The second element is theOld English wordhām ("settlement"). Thus there was once a place named, in Brittonic, for a nearby wood; Old English-speakers then coined a further name meaning "settlement at [the place called]Cheet".^{[6][7]: 318}

In the district also lies Cheetwood, whose name is first attested in 1489, asChetewode. This means "wood [at the place called]Cheet"; the wood in question was presumably the same one that originally gave the Brittonic nameCheet in the first place.^{[6][7]: 318}

Neolithic implements have been discovered at Cheetham Hill, implying human habitation 7–10,000 years ago.^[8]

Cheetham is not mentioned in theDomesday Book of 1086 and does not appear in records until 1212, when it was documented to have been athegnage estate comprising "a plough-land", with an annual rate of 1 mark payable by the tenant, Roger de Middleton, toKing John of England.^[8] From the Middletons the estate of Cheetham passed to other families, including the Chethams and Pilkingtons.^[8]

The Roman Catholic church of St Chad was opened in 1847.^[9] The Anglican churches as of 1955 were St Mark's (1794), St Luke's (1839),St John Evangelist's (Paley & Austin, 1871), St Alban's (J. S. Crowther); at that time there was also a Presbyterian chapel and nine synagogues.^[10] St Mark's Church was built in 1794; in 1855 the chancel was enlarged and in 1894 a tower was added.St Luke's Church is in a Victorian variant of thePerpendicular style. St John Evangelist's wasdesigned by Paley & Austin and built at the expense of Lewis Loyd. St Alban's (1857–64) was designed by J. S. Crowther in a Gothic revival style influenced by French Gothic and is a good example of his work.^[11]

A cemetery for theWesleyan Methodist Church was established on Thomas Street in 1815. The Cheetham Hill Wesleyan Cemetery was closed to new burials in 1966 and fell into neglect. The land was sold toproperty developers in 2003 for the construction of a newTesco superstore.Manchester City Council engaged contractors to exhume the remains of around 20,000 bodies to be re-interred in amass grave inBury. It was later reported thathuman remains were found at the Cheetham Hill building site and at alandfill site nearOldham. A memorial garden near the Tesco store has retained a small number of theVictorian gravestones.^[12][13][14]

The synagogues of Cheetham included the Central Synagogue (1927–28), a synagogue which was originally a Methodist chapel (in the neo-Classical style), the Great Synagogue (built of stone and brick in 1857), the New Synagogue (1889) and the United Synagogue which was originally a Roman Catholic chapel.^[15] The New Synagogue was known as the Spanish and Portuguese Jews' Synagogue and after a period of disuse was converted into theManchester Jewish Museum. By the early 20th century, the southern end of Cheetham had a large Jewish population, and nine synagogues.^[8]

Joseph Holt's Brewery was established on Empire Street, Cheetham in 1860.Michael Marks was a Jewish immigrant who lived in Cheetham Hill with his family. He andThomas Spencer opened the firstMarks and Spencer store on Cheetham Hill Road in 1893.^[16] The business grew considerably over following years and in 1901 the company's first headquarters was built on Derby Street.^[17]

During theMadchester phase of thehistory of Manchester, narcotic trade in the city became "extremely lucrative" and in the early 1980s a gang war started between two groups vying for control of the market inManchester city centre – theCheetham Hill Gang and The Gooch Close Gang, in Cheetham Hill andMoss Side respectively.^[18]

Lying within thehistoric county boundaries ofLancashire since the early 12th century, Cheetham anciently constituted athegnage estate, held by tenants who paid tax to the King.^[8] Cheetham during theMiddle Ages formed atownship in the parish ofManchester, and hundred ofSalford.^[8] Governance continued on this basis until theIndustrial Revolution, when Cheetham and the neighbouringManchester Township had become sufficiently urbanised and integrated to warrant an amalgamation into a single district: the then Borough of Manchester, in 1838.^[2] In 1866, Cheetham became a separatecivil parish. There was a Cheetham Committee ofManchester Borough Council until 1875. On 26 March 1896, the parish was abolished and merged withBeswick,Blackley,Bradford,Clayton,Crumpsall,Harpurhey,Moston andNewton to formNorth Manchester.^[19][2][3] North Manchester was a part of theCounty Borough of Manchester.Cheetham Town Hall was completed in 1855.^[20] In 1891, the parish had a population of 29,590.^[21]

Following thePoor Law Amendment Act 1834, Cheetham formed part of the ManchesterPoor Law Union from 1841 to 1850,Prestwich Poor Law Union from 1850 to 1915, and returned to Manchester Poor Law Union in 1915 until 1930. These were inter-parish units established to providesocial security.^[2]

Cheetham is anelectoral ward ofManchester City Council,^[22] and is part ofthe Manchester Central parliamentary constituency. The current MP isLucy Powell of theLabour Party, representing Manchester Central since 2012.Winston Churchill was Liberal MP for the area early in his political career (some years before he re-crossed the floor to the Conservative Party).

Three councillors serve the ward: Shazia Butt (Lab),^[23] Shaukat Ali (Lab),^[24] and Naeem Hassam (Lab).^[25]

  indicates seat up for re-election.

At53°30′14″N2°13′51″W / 53.50389°N 2.23083°W /53.50389; -2.23083 (53.504°, -2.231°), Cheetham is 1.4 miles (2.3 km) northeast ofManchester city centre. To the north, it is bordered byCrumpsall, to the west byBroughton inSalford, to the east and the southeast byHarpurhey andCollyhurst, and by Manchester City Centre to the south.

Cheetham Hill lies on "rising ground"^[26] and is completelyurbanised.^[8]

The ward had a population of 22,562 at the2011 census.^[28] Its population accounted for 4.2% of the city ofManchester's in 2010.^[29] In November 2011, 68.5% of residential properties were classified as private, while 31.5% were classified as social housing.^[29] House prices remain below the Manchester average.^[29]

• Don Arden — music promoter and manager of theSmall Faces,ELO (born Harry Levy), father ofSharon Osbourne was born in Cheetham Hill
• Jon Ashworth,Labour Party politician, spent three childhood years in Cheetham Hill^[30]
• Frances Hodgson Burnett —author ofThe Secret Garden andA Little Princess was born in Cheetham
• Saira Choudhry (born 1982), actress, born in Cheetham Hill^[31]
• Sandra Douglas — athlete, a member of the Olympic 4 x 400 metre bronze medal-winning team in Barcelona 1992
• Efan Ekoku — former Premier League and Nigeria striker, was born in Cheetham Hill
• Jessie Fothergill (1851–1891), novelist, was born in Cheetham Hill^[32]
• Sir Edward Holt, 1st Baronet — brewer
• Abraham Hyman — survivor of theTitanic liner disaster, opened a delicatessen in Cheetham Hill, where it remains to this day^[33]
• Howard Jacobson — author, was born and raised in Cheetham Hill
• George Augustus Lee (1761–1826), industrialist, lived in Cheetham Hill
• Bugzy Malone — grime artist
• Lois Maynard — footballer forFC Halifax Town.
• Jack Rosenthal — playwright, known forThe Evacuees,Bar Mitzvah Boy and early episodes ofCoronation Street
• Benny Rothman — political activist, famous for taking part in theMass trespass of Kinder Scout in Derbyshire
• F. L. Tavaré — landscape painter and antiquarian
• J. J. Thomson — English physicist who discovered theelectron and won theNobel Prize in Physics was born in Cheetham Hill

• Listed buildings in Manchester-M8
• Manchester Jewish Museum

• Farrer, William; Brownbill, J., eds. (1911),"Townships: Cheetham",A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4, London, pp. 259–262{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Lewis, Samuel, ed. (1848)."Chedgrave - Cheltenham".A Topographical Dictionary of England. London: British History Online. pp. 562–569.

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