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Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other people with the same name, seeCharles, Duke of Berry (disambiguation).

Duke of Berry, Normandy, and Aquitaine
Charles
Duke of Berry, Normandy, and Aquitaine
Born26 December 1446
Tours,Kingdom of France
Died24/25 May 1472
HouseValois
FatherCharles VII of France
MotherMarie of Anjou

Charles (French:Charles de France; 26 December 1446 – 24/25 May 1472),Duke of Berry, laterDuke of Normandy andDuke of Aquitaine, was a son ofCharles VII,King of France. He spent most of his life in conflict with his elder brother, KingLouis XI.[1]

Early life

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Charles was born atTours, last child and fourth son of Charles VII andMarie of Anjou.[2] As his elder brother, theDauphin Louis, had repeatedly run into conflict with his father and since 1456 was living in exile at the court ofBurgundy, some expected the crown to pass to Charles. When Charles VII died in 1461, however, Louis XI succeeded nonetheless.

After his accession, Louis XI granted his younger brother theDuchy of Berry as anappanage. Dissatisfied with this, Charles joined withCharles, Count of Charolais, and other powerful nobles such asFrancis II, Duke of Brittany in theLeague of the Public Weal in May 1465 and they placed him at the head of their league.[3] This started a rebellion which ended in October with theTreaty of Conflans between Louis XI and the Count of Charolais.

Duke of Normandy

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Under the treaty, Charles was granted theDuchy of Normandy as an additional appanage.[4] He proved unable to control his new possession and ran into conflict with his former ally Francis II of Brittany. Louis dispatched the royal army to Normandy and assumed direct royal control of the Duchy. Charles, now reconciled with Duke Francis, fled to Brittany, where he remained until September 1468, when he and Francis signed theTreaty of Ancenis with Louis, promising to abandon the former Count of Charolais, now Duke of Burgundy.

Coat of arms of Charles as Duke of Aquitaine, quartering one of the three lions of Plantagenet, borne by the Kings of England, the former Dukes of Aquitaine

In October 1468 Louis was imprisoned by Charles of Burgundy during a conference atPéronne. In order to obtain his release, Louis agreed to grantChampagne to his brother as compensation forNormandy. Once free, Louis reneged on the promises made under duress but in April 1469, he finally reconciled with his brother, granting him theDuchy of Aquitaine, recently won back from the Kings of England in 1453. Thenceforth Charles quartered the royal arms ofFrance (differenced by abordure engrailed gules) with one of the three lions ofPlantagenet, to signify the duchy.[5]

Charles also agreed with the Duke of Burgundy to marry the latter's only child and heir,Mary of Burgundy. Louis had no intention of allowing a union between his brother and his enemy's daughter and dispatched envoys toPope Paul II to ensure that the necessarydispensation, required on grounds ofconsanguinity, was not granted. Louis was unsuccessful in this endeavour, as the Pope granted the dispensation.

Still, the marriage plan came to nothing as Charles died atBordeaux in May 1472, probably from a combination oftuberculosis and avenereal disease contracted from his mistress Colette de Chambes, the wife ofLouis d'Amboise, Viscount of Thouars.[a][7]

Charles died 24/25 May 1472[8] and left no legitimate issue. His apanage of Berry returned to the crown.

Issue

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With his mistress Colette de Chambes he had:

  • Jeanne de Guyenne (b. 1470), a dominican nun[9]
  • Anne (b. 1471), married in 1490 to François de Volvire, Baron de Ruffec. Without issue.

Ancestry

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Ancestors of Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry
16.John II of France
8.Charles V of France
17.Bonne of Bohemia
4.Charles VI of France
18.Peter I, Duke of Bourbon
9.Joanna of Bourbon
19.Isabella of Valois
2.Charles VII of France
20.Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria
10.Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria
21. Elizabeth of Sicily
5.Isabeau of Bavaria
22.Bernabò Visconti
11. Taddaea Visconti
23. Beatrice della Scala
1.Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry
24.John II of France (= 16)
12.Louis I of Naples
25.Bonne of Bohemia (= 17)
6.Louis II of Naples
26. Charles of Châtillon, Count of Blois
13. Marie of Châtillon
27. Jeanne of Penthièvre
3.Marie of Anjou
28.Peter IV of Aragon
14.John I of Aragon
29. Eleanor of Sicily
7.Yolande of Aragon
30. Robert I, Duke of Bar
15.Violante de Bar
31.Marie of Valois

Coats of arms

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  • Arms as Duke of Berry (1461–1465)
    Arms as Duke of Berry (1461–1465)
  • Arms as Duke of Normandy (1465–1469)
    Arms as Duke of Normandy (1465–1469)
  • Arms as Duke of Guyenne (1469–1472)
    Arms as Duke of Guyenne (1469–1472)

Notes

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  1. ^Monks indicates Louis d'Amboise died in 1470, while his wife died before Charles.[6]

References

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  1. ^Favier 2001, p. ?.
  2. ^Heers 2016, Charles VII et Louis XI table.
  3. ^Bakos 1997, p. 7.
  4. ^Bakos 1997, p. 10.
  5. ^The Duchy of Aquitaine had been held since pre-heraldic times by the English kings, firstly by KingHenry II who married the heiressEleanor of Aquitaine; thus the duchy was symbolised heraldically only by the arms of Plantagenet
  6. ^Monks 1990, p. 15-16.
  7. ^Monks 1990, p. 15.
  8. ^Tournoy 2006, p. 295.
  9. ^Monks 1990, p. 16.

Sources

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  • Bakos, Adrianna E. (1997).Images of Kingship in Early Modern France: Louis XI in Political Thought, 1560-1789. Routledge.
  • Favier, Jean (2001).Louis XI. Fayard.
  • Heers, Jacques (2016).Louis XI. Perrin.
  • Tournoy, Gilbert (2006). "An Italian Scribe at Bruges in the Second Half of the Fifteenth Century: Francesco Florio". In Claassens, Geert H. M.; Verbeke, Werner (eds.).Medieval Manuscripts in Transition: Tradition and Creative Recycling. Leuven University Press. pp. 261–308.
  • Monks, Peter Rolfe (1990).The Brussels Horloge de Sapience. E.J. Brill.15-16
French royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Charles the Victorious		Duke of Berry
1461–1472		Vacant
Title next held by
Joan
Vacant
Title last held by
Charles the Wise		Duke of Normandy
1461–1465		Vacant
Vacant
Title last held by
Louis		Duke of Aquitaine
1469–1472
House of Normandy
911–1135
House of Blois
1135–1144
House of Plantagenet
1144–1259
House of Valois
(French appanage)
International
National
Other
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