Chaudhary Charan Singh | |
|---|---|
 Official portrait, 1979 | |
| Prime Minister of India | |
| In office 28 July 1979 – 20 August 1979 (caretaker: 21 August 1979 – 14 January 1980) | |
| President | Neelam Sanjiva Reddy |
| Vice President | B. D. Jatti Mohammad Hidayatullah |
| Deputy | Yashwantrao Chavan |
| Preceded by | Morarji Desai |
| Succeeded by | Indira Gandhi |
| Deputy Prime Minister of India | |
| In office 24 January 1979 – 16 July 1979 Serving with Jagjivan Ram | |
| Prime Minister | Morarji Desai |
| Preceded by | Morarji Desai |
| Succeeded by | Yashwantrao Chavan |
| Union Minister of Finance | |
| In office 19 October 1979 – 14 January 1980 | |
| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna |
| Succeeded by | Ramaswamy Venkataraman |
| In office 24 January 1979 – 16 July 1979 | |
| Prime Minister | Morarji Desai |
| Preceded by | H. M. Patel |
| Succeeded by | Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna |
| Union Minister of Home Affairs | |
| In office 24 March 1977 – 1 July 1978 | |
| Prime Minister | Morarji Desai |
| Preceded by | Kasu Brahmananda Reddy |
| Succeeded by | Morarji Desai |
| Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh | |
| In office 18 February 1970 – 1 October 1970 | |
| Governor | Bezawada Gopala Reddy |
| Preceded by | Chandra Bhanu Gupta |
| Succeeded by | President's rule |
| In office 3 April 1967 – 25 February 1968 | |
| Governor | Bishwanath Das Bezawada Gopala Reddy |
| Preceded by | Chandra Bhanu Gupta |
| Succeeded by | President's rule |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Chaudhary Charan Singh (1902-12-23)23 December 1902 Noorpur,United Provinces of Agra and Oudh,British India (present-dayUttar Pradesh, India) |
| Died | 29 May 1987(1987-05-29) (aged 84) New Delhi,Delhi, India |
| Monuments | Kisan Ghat |
| Political party | Lokdal(own party; 1979–1987) |
| Other political affiliations | Indian National Congress(before 1967) Bharatiya Kranti Dal(own party; 1967–1977) Janata Party(1977–1979) Janata Party (Secular)(1979–1980) |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 6; includingAjit Singh |
| Education | Bachelor of Science (1923),Masters of Arts (1925),Bachelor of Laws (1927) |
| Alma mater | Agra University |
| Nickname | Chaudhary Sahab[1] |
Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December 1902 – 29 May 1987) was an Indian politician, peasant leader, author and anindependence activist who briefly served as theprime minister of India from July 1979 to August 1979.[2][3] Singh was principally known for his land and agricultural reform initiatives, and wasMember of Parliament (MP) forBaghpat. During his premiership, he was a member of theJanata Party (Secular). He served as thechief minister of Uttar Pradesh as a member ofBhartiya Kranti Dal. He also briefly served as thedeputy prime minister of India from January 1979 to July 1979 as a member of theJanata Party. Singh is widely regarded as the "Champion of Farmers", dedicated to advocating for the well being and rights of farmers.[4]
Singh was born inMeerut district,United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. He graduated fromAgra College in 1923 with aBachelor of Science degree, and then pursuedMaster of Arts in history in 1925. In 1927 he completed hisBachelor of Laws (LLB) fromMeerut College.
Singh entered politics as a part ofIndian independence movement motivated byMahatma Gandhi. Singh followed Gandhi in non-violent struggle for independence from the British Government, and was imprisoned several times. In 1930, he was sent to jail for 12 years by the British for contravention of the salt laws. He was jailed again for one year in November 1940 for individual Satyagraha movement. In August 1942 he was jailed again by the British under DIR and released in November 1943. He was aCongress member for most of his life, he later founded his ownLok Dal party.[5][6] He is the first leader outside theIndian National Congress who formed government in thenorthern India and became the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.[7] He was posthumously awarded theBharat Ratna in 2024.[4]
Singh was born on 23 December 1902 to Mir Singh and Netar Kaur in Nurpur village ofMeerut district,United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. His father was a farmer belonging to theTewatia clan ofJats.[8] Singh started his primary education inJani Khurd village in Meerut. He did his Matriculation and Intermediate from the Government High School in 1921 and then he went toAgra College to pursueBachelor of Science in 1923,Masters of Arts in History (British, European and Indian) in 1925. He then didBachelor of Laws (LLB) fromMeerut College in 1927. Singh have knowledge about European and Indian history as well as civil laws of British India as it affected the lives of village peoples.[9]
His clansmen hail from theHaryana'sGurgaon district, where they were revenue collectors during theMughal period. But they shifted toBulandshahr district of the present-dayUttar Pradesh after their downfall due to one of their prominent Raja Nahar SinghBallabhgarh opposition to the British during theIndian Rebellion of 1857.[10][11] Singh entered politics as part of theIndian Independence Movement motivated byMahatma Gandhi. He was active from 1931 in the Ghaziabad DistrictArya Samaj as well as the Meerut districtIndian National Congress for which he was jailed twice by the British. Before independence, as a member of Legislative Assembly of the United Provinces elected in 1937, he took a deep interest in the laws that were detrimental to the village economy and he slowly built his ideological and practical stand against the exploitation of tillers of the land by landlords.
Between 1952 and 1968, he was one of "three principal leaders in Congress state politics." He became particularly notable inUttar Pradesh from the 1950s for drafting and ensuring the passage of what were then the most revolutionary land reform laws in any state in India under the tutelage of the then Chief MinisterGovind Ballabh Pant; first asParliamentary Secretary and then as Revenue Minister responsible for Land Reforms. He became visible on the national stage from 1959 when he publicly opposed the unquestioned leader and Prime MinisterJawaharlal Nehru's socialistic and collectivist land policies in the Nagpur Congress Session. Though his position in the faction-ridden Uttar Pradesh Congress was weakened, this was a point when the middle peasant communities across castes in North India began looking up to him as their spokesperson and later as their unquestioned leader. Singh stood for tight government spending, enforced consequences for corrupt officers, and advocated a "firm hand in dealing with the demands of government employees for increased wages and dearness allowances." It is also worth noting that within the factional Uttar Pradesh Congress, his ability to articulate his clear policies and values made him stand out from his colleagues. Following this period, Charan Singh defected from the Congress on 1 April 1967, joined the opposition party, and became the first non-Congress chief minister of UP.[12] This was a period when non-Congress governments were a strong force in India from 1967 to 1971.
As leader of theBharatiya Lok Dal, a major constituent of theJanata coalition, he was disappointed in his ambition to become Prime Minister in 1977 byJayaprakash Narayan's choice ofMorarji Desai.
During1977 Lok Sabha Elections, the fragmented opposition united a few months before the elections under the Janata Party banner, for which Chaudhary Charan Singh had been struggling almost single-handedly since 1974. It was because of the efforts ofRaj Narain that he became Prime Minister in the year 1979 though Raj Narain was Chairman of Janata Party-Secular and assured Charan Singh of elevating him as Prime Minister, the way he helped him to become Chief Minister in the year 1967 in Uttar Pradesh. However, he resigned after just 23 days in office whenIndira Gandhi'sCongress Party withdrew support to the government. Singh said he resigned because he was not ready to be blackmailed into withdrawing Indira Gandhi's emergency-related court cases.[13] Fresh elections were held six months later. Charan Singh continued to lead the Lok Dal in opposition until his death in 1987.
Charan Singh's ancestor was a prominent leader of theIndian Rebellion of 1857,Raja Nahar Singh ofBallabhgarh (in present-day Haryana). Nahar Singh was sent to the gallows inChandni Chowk,Delhi. In order to escape the oppression from theBritish Government following their defeat, the Maharaja's followers, including Charan Singh's grandfather moved eastward to district Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh.[14]
He received a Master of Arts (MA) degree in 1925 and a law degree in 1926 from Agra University. He started practice as a civil lawyer atGhaziabad in 1928.[15]
In February 1937 he was elected from the constituency ofChhaprauli (Baghpat) to the Legislative Assembly of the United Provinces at the age of 34.[15] In 1938 he introduced an Agricultural Produce Market Bill in the Assembly which was published in the issues of TheHindustan Times of Delhi dated 31 March 1938. The Bill was intended to safeguard the interests of the farmers against the rapacity of traders. The Bill was adopted by most of the States in India,Punjab being the first state to do so in 1940.[16]
Charan Singh followedMahatma Gandhi in non-violent struggle for independence from the British Government, and was imprisoned several times. In 1930, he was sent to jail for 12 years by the British for contravention of the salt laws. He was jailed again for one year in November 1940 for individual Satyagraha movement. In August 1942 he was jailed again by the British under DIR and released in November 1943.[17]
Charan Singh opposedJawaharlal Nehru on his Soviet-style economic reforms. Charan Singh was of the opinion that cooperative farms would not succeed in India. Being a son of a farmer, Charan Singh opined that the right of ownership was important to the farmer in remaining a cultivator. He wanted to preserve and stabilise a system of peasant proprietorship.[12] Charan Singh's political career suffered due to his open criticism of Nehru's economic policy.
Singh is known for piloting pro-farmer legislation such as the Consolidation of Holdings Act of 1953 and the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari and Land Reforms Act, 1952. The latter led to the abolition of zamindari system in the state.He was also strict in dealing with the 'Patwari strike crisis' in 1953. Land reforms resulted in empowering the tillers and providing the landless with ownership of land. It created a conducive atmosphere for the social and economic upliftment of the farmers. During the drought in 1966-1967, Singh offered the agriculturists a much higher procurement price than the prevailing market rates. The infrastructure he laid down led to theMinimum Support Price mechanism.[17]
Charan Singh left the Congress party in 1967, and formed his own political party,Bharatiya Kranti Dal. With the help and support ofRaj Narain andRam Manohar Lohia, he becameChief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1967, and later in 1970. In 1975, he was jailed again, but this time by then Indian Prime MinisterIndira Gandhi, daughter of his former rival Nehru. She had declared thestate of emergency and jailed all her political opponents. In the1977 general elections, the Indian populace voted her out, and the opposition party, of which Chaudhary Charan Singh was a senior leader came into power. He served asDeputy Prime Minister,Home Minister and Finance minister in theJanata government headed by Morarji Desai.
Charan Singh for the first time, becameChief Minister of Uttar Pradesh on 3 April 1967 with the help ofSamyukta Vidhayak Dal coalition.[15]Samyukta Vidhayak Dal was formed after failure of negotiations between Charan Singh andChandra Bhanu Gupta on the composition of Gupta's ministry. Singh wanted some of his allies likeJai Ram Varma and Udit Narain Sharma to be included in the cabinet and removal of some of the men from the cabinet. As a result of failure of negotiations, Charan Singh with his 16 MLAs defected fromCongress.[18]
Samyukta Vidhayak Dal was coalition formed with the help of non-Congress parties likeBharatiya Jana Sangh,Samyukta Socialist Party,Communist Party of India,Swatantra Party,Praja Socialist Party,Republican Party of India,Communist Party of India (Marxist).[19] Within months of his government formation disputes started to arise in SVD coalition.Samyukta Socialist Party, one of the constituent of this coalition, demanded to completely abolish the land revenue or at least abolish on uneconomic lands but Charan Singh refused to accept this demand as he was worried about the revenue generation and resources.[20]Praja Socialist Party, another constituent in this coalition, demanded for the release of government employees held in preventive detention for their strikes but this demand also Singh refused to accept.[21]
The disputes between Charan Singh andSamyukta Socialist Party became public when SSP decided to launch an agitation ofAngrezi Hatao (get rid to English) and during this movement two of its ministers courted arrest.[15][22] SSP withdrew from coalition on 5 January 1968.[22] On 17 February 1968, Charan Singh submitted his resignation to the governorBezawada Gopala Reddy and on 25 February 1968, President's rule was imposed onUttar Pradesh.[23][24]
After the split inCongress party,Chandra Bhanu Gupta resigned as Chief Minister on 10 February 1970.[25] On 18 February 1970, Charan Singh becameChief Minister of Uttar Pradesh for the second time with the help ofIndira Gandhi'sCongress (R).[26][27] After threeRajya Sabha members ofBharatiya Kranti Dal voted against the decision ofIndira Gandhi to eliminate thePrivy Purse,Kamalapati Tripathi announced the withdrawal of the support ofCongress (R) for the Singh's government.[28] Charan Singh demanded the resignation of 14Congress (R) minister but they refused to resign.[28] On 27 September 1970, governorBezawada Gopala Reddy accepted the resignation of ministers but also asked Charan Singh to resign.[27][29]
On 1 October 1970,President's rule was imposed onUttar Pradesh byV. V. Giri fromKiev, who was on tour there.[30] Just two weeks later with the recalling of the Uttar Pradesh assembly,Tribhuvan Narain Singh was elected the leader of the house and becameChief Minister of Uttar Pradesh with the support ofCongress (O),Bharatiya Jana Sangh,Swatantra Party andSamyukta Socialist Party.[31]
Charan Singh became Cabinet minister inMorarji Desai government and took the office asMinister of Home Affairs on 24 March 1977.[15][32] As a Home Minister, Charan Singh took the decision to dissolve all the state assemblies which were underCongress rule. He argued that these assemblies no longer represent the will of the electorate of their respective states.[33][34] Charan Singh wrote the letter to nine Chief Ministers to advise their governors to dissolve their state assemblies.[35] Chief Minister of these states went toSupreme Court against this dissolution but the dismissals were validated by Supreme Court.[36][37]
On 3 October 1977, Charan Singh gotIndira Gandhi arrested from her 12 Willingdon Crescent residence.[38][39][40] The charges against her were that during1977 election, she misused her position to get jeeps for election campaigns and another charge was related to contract between theONGC and the French oil company CFP.[41][42] But the magistrate before whom she appeared, released her stating that there was no evidence to back up the arrest.[41] By botching up the arrest, Singh prepared his resignation letter butMorarji Desai did not accept it.[43]
On 1 July 1978, Charan Singh resigned from the cabinet ofMorarji Desai because of growing differences between them over trial ofIndira Gandhi.[15][44] In December 1978, Singh wanted to undoJanata Party and wanted coalition government in place of Janata Party government.[45] On 24 January 1979, Singh returned into cabinet and held two portfolios ofDeputy Prime Minister andMinister of Finance.[46][15]
Following theJanata Party victory in the1977 general election, its MPs delegated the selection of a prime minister toJayaprakash Narayan andAcharya Kripalani.Morarji Desai was chosen as the prime minister and subsequently appointed Charan Singh as home minister of India. However, due to disagreements with Desai, Singh was asked to resign on 1 July 1978. He was later reinstated asdeputy prime minister on 24 January 1979. By 1979, theJanata Party faced internal divisions, particularly over the dual loyalties of some members to both the party and theRashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).[47][48]
Singh, who had previously ordered the arrests ofIndira Gandhi andSanjay Gandhi as union home minister, capitalised on the growing discord by seeking the support ofIndira Gandhi's Congress (I) party. Following significant defections from theJanata Party to Singh’s faction,Morarji Desai resigned as prime minister in July 1979. Subsequently, presidentNeelam Sanjiva Reddy appointed Singh as prime minister afterIndira Gandhi andSanjay Gandhi assured him of external support from Congress (I) under certain conditions. Singh was sworn in as prime minister on 28 July 1979, withYeshwantrao Chavan of the Congress (Socialist) party serving as deputy prime minister.[49][50]
Singh’s tenure as prime minister was short-lived. On 15 August 1979, he hoisted the national flag at theRed Fort onIndependence Day, making history with his address to the nation. In his speech, he emphasised the importance of integrity, stating:
‘To be able to achieve noble objectives, your means should also be equally noble…A country where people are corrupt, will never be able to progress whosoever may be the leader of the party or whatever be the sound programme he might follow.’[51]
However, Charan Singh government soon faced a major setback.Indira Gandhi’s support was conditional upon the withdrawal of all charges against her andSanjay Gandhi. Singh refused to comply, prompting Congress (I) to withdraw its support just before he was scheduled to prove his majority in the Lok Sabha. Consequently, he resigned as prime minister on 20 August 1979, after just 23 days in office, becoming the only Indian prime minister to never face Parliament.[52]
Following his resignation, Singh advised presidentReddy to dissolve the Lok Sabha.Janata Party leaderJagjivan Ram contested this move and sought time to gather support, but the dissolution proceeded. Singh remained in office as caretaker prime minister from 21 August 1979 to 14 January 1980, when fresh elections were held.[53]
On 26 September 1979, he formedLok Dal by mergingJanata Party (Secular), Socialist Party and Orissa Janata Party.[54] He was elected president ofLok Dal andRaj Narain was elected as its working president.[54][55] In August 1982, a major split occurred inLok Dal, with one faction of Charan Singh and another consisted ofKarpoori Thakur,Madhu Limaye,Biju Patnaik,Devi Lal,George Fernandes andKumbha Ram Arya.[56][57]
On 21 October 1984, Singh founded a new partyDalit Mazdoor Kisan Party, by mergingLok Dal, Democratic Socialist Party ofHemwati Nandan Bahuguna,Rashtriya Congress ofRatubhai Adani and some leaders ofJanata Party likeDevi Lal.[58] Later it changed its name back to the Lok Dal.[59]
Singh’s public image was predominantly that of a dedicated advocate forfarmers, earning him the nicknames like “Champion of Farmers” and “Chaudhary Sahab”.[60] His efforts inland reforms, such as the UPZamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1952, aimed at empowering tillers and providing land ownership to the landless, significantly boosted his reputation among rural communities, particularly in western Uttar Pradesh and made him messiah of farmers.[61] His simple lifestyle and integrity, often highlighted by wearinghand-wovenKhadi clothes and was ateetotler,[62] further enhanced his image as an ethical leader committed to rural development.[63]
Singh was also noted for his opposition tocasteism, advocating for social equality and criticising caste-based discrimination, which resonated with his broader vision of uplifting rural andmarginalised groups.[64][65]
In 2018,BBC wrote that, Chaudhary Charan Singh was more than merely a political figure, a champion of farmers, a leader of a political party, or a past Prime Minister; he embodied an entire philosophy and way of thinking.[66]
InChaudhuri Charan Singh: An Indian Political Life,Paul Brass, an American political scientist wrote that Singh was a visionary leader committed to rural development and farmer welfare. Brass highlights Singh’s legislative achievements, such as the Consolidation of Holdings Act of 1953, Uttar Pradesh Zamindari and Land Reforms Act of 1952, and the introduction of theMinimum Support Price (MSP), which empowered farmers and addressed caste divisions. Singh is depicted as a principlednationalist, advocating for agriculture over industrialization, though ambitious and entangled inCongress factional politics, notably clashing withNehru. Brass emphasizes Singh’s strong support amongJats and backward castes inUttar Pradesh, his social justice initiatives likeinter-caste marriage incentives, and his dedication to public service without personal enrichment. Drawing from Singh’s personal files and interviews, Brass presents him as a forward-thinking politician whose policies influenced modern governance.[67]
Over the years many contemporary and modern politicians have perceptions on Charan Singh. In February 2024, when announcing theBharat Ratna for Charan Singh, prime ministerNarendra Modi praised his contributions. He stated that, “It is the good fortune of our government that former prime minister Chaudhary Charan Singh is being honoured withBharat Ratna. This honor is dedicated to his incomparable contribution to the country.” Modi further elaborated, “He had dedicated his entire life to the rights and welfare of farmers. He also stood firm againstthe Emergency. His dedication to our farmers and his commitment to democracy duringthe Emergency is inspiring to the entire nation.[68][69]R. Venkataraman, thenpresident of India described Singh as “a champion for the cause of India’s peasantry” in a posthumous tribute[70]
| Year | Constituency | Party | Votes | % | Result | Opponent | Margin | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1952 | Baghpat West | INC | 18,298 | Won | Raghubir Singh | 8420 | ||
| 1957 | Kotana | 27,075 | Won | Vijaipal Singh | 624 | |||
| 1962 | 33,912 | Won | Shyam Lal | 26,641 | ||||
| 1967 | Chaprauli | 59,199 | Won | S. Singh | 52,188 | |||
| 1969 | BKD | 62,419 | Won | Munshi Ram | 47,940 | |||
| 1974 | 54,348 | Won | Pritam Singh | 26,533 | ||||
| Year | Constituency | Party | Votes | % | Result | Opponent | Margin | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 | Baghpat | BKD | 286,301 | Won | Ram Chandra Vikal | 121,538 | ||
| 1980 | JP(S) | 323,077 | Won | Ram Chandra Vikal | 165,121 | |||
| 1984 | LKD | 253,463 | Won | Mahesh Chand | 85,674 | |||
In 1925, Singh marriedGayatri Devi (1905–2002), who later became political leader, serving as an Member of theUttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly fromIglas (1969) and Gokul (1974) in Uttar Pradesh, and as aLok Sabha MP fromKairana (1980).[71]
The couple had six children: five daughters - Satya Vati, Ved Vati, Gyanwati, Sharda, Saroj and one son,Ajit Singh (1939–2021). Ajit, a formerIBM employee with degrees fromIIT Kharagpur and theIllinois Institute of Technology, entered politics in 1986, later founding theRashtriya Lok Dal (RLD). He served as a Union Minister and representedBaghpat in the Lok Sabha for seven terms. Ajit married Radhika Singh in 1967, and they had one son and two daughters. He died of COVID-19 in May 2021.[72][73]
Charan Singh’s grandson,Jayant Chaudhary (born 1978), son of Ajit and Radhika, was elected to the15th Lok Sabha fromMathura in 2009 but lost in 2014 toHema Malini. He also contestedBaghpat in 2014, losing to Satyapal Singh of the BJP. Jayant became RLD president after his father’s death and was elected to theRajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh in 2022. He is married to Charu Singh, with whom he has two daughters.[74][75]
India:
Bharat Ratna (9 February 2024, posthumous)[76]Singh initially suffered astroke on 29 November 1985. He could not recover from that condition despite being treated atJohns Hopkins Hospital,U.S. in March 1986. On 28 May 1987,Dr Jai Pal Singh along with other senior doctors fromRML Hospital, New Delhi arrived at his residence around 11:35 p.m. (IST), after his respiration was found "unsteady".[77]
Singh was then given oxygen support but efforts to revive him failed and was declared dead at 2:35 a.m. (IST) on 29 May 1987, due to "cardiac arrest" at the age of 85.[78]
Following his death, theGovernment of India announced a four day mourning and a state funeral. On 31 May 1987, Singh was given a state funeral in Delhi. He was cremated at theKisan Ghat inRaj Ghat, New Delhi. Many leaders arrived at Singh residence onTuglaq Road to pay their last respects such as then PMRajiv Gandhi,Natwar Singh, former presidentNeelam Sanjeeva Reddy,Bansi Lal,Devi Lal,Ram Niwas Mirdha,N. D. Tiwari.[79]
Singh, often hailed as the ‘Champion of Farmers,’ left behind a rich legacy that continues to inspire and shape the agricultural landscape of India. His contributions to the welfare of the farmers and the rural community were profound and multifaceted.
Singh’s journey as a stalwart for farmers’ rights began with his instrumental role in piloting pro-farmer legislation such as the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act of 1950, which aimed to redistribute land from the zamindars to the tillers, and the Consolidation of Holdings Act of 1953, which sought to prevent the fragmentation of agricultural land.[80]
Singh was the chief architect of land reforms in Uttar Pradesh, where he played a pivotal role in the formulation and finalisation of the Debt Redemption Bill 1939.[80] This legislation brought significant relief to rural debtors, easing the burden of debts that had long plagued the agricultural community.[81]
As Chief Minister of U.P., Singh was instrumental in enacting the Land Holding Act of 1960. This act aimed at lowering the ceiling on land holdings to make it uniform throughout the state, thereby promoting fairer land distribution and addressing the disparities in land ownership.[6]
Singh’s birthday, 23 December, was declared asKisan Diwas orNational Farmers’ Day in 2001. This day is celebrated across India to honor his memory and his unwavering dedication to the agrarian community.[82] To commemorate his second death anniversary, the Government of India issued a postage stamp on 29 May 1990. The stamp symbolises the nation’s respect for his contributions as the 5th prime minister of India and a champion of farmers’ rights.[83] His commitment to the agricultural sector were further immortalised with the establishment ofKisan Ghat in 1987 as this memorial inNew Delhi serves as a serene place where people pay their respects to the man who was often referred to as the ‘Champion of Farmers.’[84]
Several monuments and institutions have been named after Singh to honour his legacy which includes theChaudhary Charan Singh University in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, and theChaudhary Charan Singh International Airport, which was renamed in his honour. On 23 December 2023, a 51-foot statue of Singh was unveiled by Uttar PradeshChief Minister Yogi Adityanath inBilari, Moradabad district coinciding Singh’s birth anniversary.[85]
On 30 March 2024, Singh was posthumously honoured with theBharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award byPresident Droupadi Murmu, for his exceptional service and contributions to the agricultural sector, particularly in Uttar Pradesh. Singh’s multifaceted personality encompassed roles as a patriot, administrator, statesman, and a man of integrity and humanist values.[86][87]
Kisan Kranti Ke Praneta – Ch. Charan Singh is a 1996 short documentary film directed by Ashok Vazirani and produced by theFilms Division of India which covers the life and achievements of the prime minister including his contributions to theIndian agriculture sector.[88][89] Charan Singh has also been portrayed by Anwar Fatehan in the 2013 television seriesPradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), which covers the tenures of Indian PMs,[90] by Sundaram in the 2019 filmNTR: Mahanayakudu which is based on the life of Indian actor-politicianN. T. Rama Rao.,[91] and byGovind Namdeo in the 2021 filmMain Mulayam Singh Yadav which charts the life of former Uttar Pradesh CMMulayam Singh Yadav.[92]
Charan Singh was born on 23 December 1902 in village Nurpur, Meerut district, United Provinces, the eldest of five children of Meer Singh, a small farmer, of the Tewatiyagotra of the Jat caste, and his wife, Netra Kaur, from a village in Bulandshahr district. The Tewatiya clan originally comprised five villages in Gurgaon district of present-day Haryana, but, ultimately, during the Mughal period expanded as revenue collectors for some 210 villages. One of the clan members rose to some prominence toward the end of Mughal rule, but brought the clan to destruction by supporting Bahadur Shah Zafar against the British in 1857 and was himself hanged. Thereafter, the clan remnants moved across the Yamuna, and established a presence in Bulandshahr district of western UP.
Singh, Chaudhuri Charan (1902–1987). Politician. Born into a former royal family of the Jat caste; practiced law; joined Mahatma Gandhi's Salt Satyagraha 1930, the Individual Satyagraha against World War II 1940, and the Quit India movement 1942; a member of the Indian National Congress 1930–1967, the Bharatiya Kranti Dal 1967–1974, the Lok Dal 1974–1977, the Janata Party 1977–1979, and the Lok Dal again 1979–1987; chief minister of Uttar Pradesh 1967–1968 and 1970; deputy prime minister of India 1977–1979; prime minister of India 1979–1980.
Singh, Chaudhary Charan (1902–1987), prime minister of India, was born on 23 December 1902 in the village of Nurpur, in Meerut district, United Provinces, India, the eldest of five children of Meer (Mukhiaji) Singh (c.1880–1960), a small farmer, of the jat caste, and his wife, Netra Kaur (c.1882–1957).(Subscription orUK public library membership required.)
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Media related toCharan Singh at Wikimedia Commons
Quotations related toCharan Singh at Wikiquote
| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by | Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh 1967–1968 | Succeeded by |
| Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh 1970 | Succeeded by | |
| Preceded by | Deputy Prime Minister of India 1977–1979 Served alongside:Jagjivan Ram | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Minister of Home Affairs 1977–1978 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Minister of Finance 1979 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Prime Minister of India 1979–1980 | Succeeded by |
| Chairperson of thePlanning Commission 1979–1980 | ||
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Preceding Ministry:Ministry of Communications and Information Technology | ||||||||||||||||||||
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