| Chandraprabha | |
|---|---|
8th JainTirthankara | |
 Idol of Chandraprabha Bhagwan at a Jain Temple in Jaisalmer Fort, Rajasthan, India | |
| Other names | Chanda Prabhu |
| Venerated in | Jainism |
| Predecessor | Suparshvanatha |
| Successor | Pushpadanta |
| Symbol | Crescent Moon |
| Height | 150bows (450 meters) |
| Age | 1,000,000 purva (70.56Quintillion years) |
| Color | White |
| Genealogy | |
| Born | |
| Died | |
| Parents |
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| Dynasty | Ikṣvākuvaṁśa |
| Part ofa series on |
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Chandraprabha (English:Lord of Moon[1]) orChandranatha is the eighthTirthankara ofTīrthaṅkara ofJainism in the present age (Avasarpini). According to traditional accounts, he was born to King Mahasena and Queen Lakshmana Devi at Chandrapuri to theIkshvaku dynasty. According toJain texts, his birth-date was the twelfth day of the Posh Krishna month of the Indian calendar. He is said to have become asiddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of itskarma.
Chandraprabha was the eighth JainTīrthankara of the present age (avasarpini).[2] He was born to King Mahasena and Queen Lakshmana Devi atChandrapuri,[3]Varanasi on 12th day monthPausa in theIkshvaku clan.[4][2][5][6] Nine months before the birth ofChandraprabha, QueenLakshmana Devi dreamt the sixteen mostauspicious dreams.[7] Mahasena named Tirthankar Chandraprabha because of his complexion was white as moon. According toUttarapurana,Indra named him Chandraprabha because at his birth the earth and night-lotus were blossomed.[5]
Chandraprabha's height is mentioned as 150dhanusha.[8] He is said to have lived for 1,000,000purva.[8] He spent 2 lakhpūrva as youth (kumāra kāla) and ruled His kingdom for 6 lakhpūrva and 24pūrvāṇga (rājya kāla). During his rule, Chandraprabhu was apathetic towards the ordinary delights and princely grandeur.[9] He decided to renounced his worldly life, soon after his ascension to throne and after 3 months he obtainedKevala Jnana (omniscience) while mediating underNaga tree.[5]
After a many years of spreading his knowledge, he is said to have attainednirvana atSammed Shikharji on the seventh day of the bright half of the month offaalgun.[7][note 1]
Chandraprabha is said to have been born 900crore sagara after his predecessor,Suparsvanatha.[8] His successor,Pushpadanta, is said to have been born 90crore sagara after him.[8]
Theyaksha andyakshi of Shantinatha areŚyāma andJvālāmālinī according toDigambara tradition andVijaya andBhṛkuṭi according toŚvētāmbara tradition.[5]
According toDigambaraVaidarbha Svami andVaruṉā were the chiefGanadhara andAryika of the Chandraprabha disciples andDinna andVāruṇī according toŚvētāmbara.[5][9]
Jinastotrāņi is a collection of hymn dedicated to Chandraprabha along withMunisuvrata,Neminatha,Shantinatha, Mahavira, Parshvanatha and Rishabhanatha.[12]
Svayambhūstotra byAcharya Samantabhadra is the adoration of twenty-fourTīrthankaras. Its five slokas (aphorisms) are dedicated toTīrthankara Chandraprabha.[13]
With complexation bright as the rays of the moon you had the radiated knowledge like another moon. You are worshiped by eminent beings; you are the Lord of learned ascetic; and had conquered all your karmas and internal passion. I bow to you, O Lord Chandraprabha, the processor of moonlike splendour.
— Svayambhūstotra (8-1-36)[14]
Chandraprabha is associated with crescent moon emblem, Naga tree, Vijya or Śyāma (Dig.) & Vijya (Svet.)Yaksha andJwalamalini (Dig.) & Bhṛkuṭi (Svet.)Yakshi.[15][5][16]
Chandraprabha-charitra composed byHaribhadra is an adoration to Chandraprabha.[17] Chandraprabha is mentioned in theBuddhist scriptures.[18]
Chandraprabha is usually depicted in a lotus or kayotsarga posture, with a crescent moon symbol beneath him;[5] eachtīrthankara has a distinct emblem, which allows worshippers to distinguish similar idols.[19] Like alltirthankaras, he is depicted with aShrivatsa[note 2] and downcast eyes.[22]
The earliest known sculpture of Chandraprabha was installed byMaharajadhirajaRamagupta ofGupta dynasty in 4th century CE. Chandraprabha has been popular amongst Jain everywhere in India. The iconography of Chandraprabha is particularly popular in Eastern India in Bihar, Bengal and Orissa. Sculptures of Chandraprabha were also popular inJain temples, Deogarh,Khajuraho Jain temples andSonagiri.[23]
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Guru mandir inMandaragiri houses a 21 feet (6.4 m) monolithic statue of Chandraprabha.[24][25]
Various Jain temple complexes across India feature him, and these are important pilgrimage sites in Jainism.Sonagiri, also known as Laghu Sammed Shikhar is aSiddha-Kṣetra,[26][27] is considered one of the most importantJain Tirtha (pilgrimage site).[28] The mulnayak is a 3 metres (9.8 ft) rock cut image of Chandraprabhu dating back to the 5th to 6th century.[29] There are a total of 103 temples with 77 on hill and 26 in village.[30][31]
Saavira Kambada Basadi (Thousand Pillared Temple ) inMoodabidri (Jain Kashi[32]), built in 1430 CE, is considered an architectural wonder and is one of the most important Jain centers in Karnataka.[33][34][35]Vijayamangalam Jain temple was built inc. 678 C.E. by King Konguvelir ofVelir dynasty.[36][37]
Important Chandraprabha temple complexes include:Tijara Jain temple,Jainimedu Jain temple,Chandravati,Kumbakonam Jain Temple,Mandaragiri,Prabhas Patan,Lunwa Jain temple,Chandranatha basadi Dharmasthala, andChandraprabha temple, Pavagadh
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