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Achamfer (/ˈ(t)ʃæmfər/SHAM-fər,CHAM-) is a transitional edge between two faces of an object. Sometimes defined as a form ofbevel, it is often created at a 45° angle between two adjoining right-angled faces.
Chamfers are frequently used inmachining,carpentry,furniture,concrete formwork,mirrors, and to facilitate assembly of manymechanical engineering designs.
In materials and manufacturing, a chamfer is used to "ease" otherwise sharp edges, both for safety and to prevent damage to the edges; it may also be a primarily decorative feature. In general terms it may be regarded as a type ofbevel, and the terms are often used interchangeably. However, inmachining, only the term "chamfer" is used for the specific technique, practice, and result.
In carpentry, alark's tongue is a chamfer which ends short of the end of a piece in a gradual outward curve, leaving the remainder of the edge as a right angle. Chamfers may be formed in either inside or outside adjoining faces of an object or room.
Alternatively, afillet (pronounced/ˈfɪlɪt/, like "fill it") is the rounding-off of an interior corner, and around (orradius) the rounding of an outside one.[1] A broad radius is known as abullnose.
Chamfers are widely used in carpentry, added both for safety and decorative effect to counters and furniture such as table tops. Special tools such aschamfer mills,chamfer planes, anchamfer bits inshapers androuters are sometimes used to ease edges.
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Chamfers are commonly used in architecture, both for functional and aesthetic reasons. For example, the base of theTaj Mahal is acube with chamfered corners, thereby creating anoctagonal architectural footprint. Its great gate is formed of chamfered base stones and chamferedcorbels for a balcony or equivalentcornice towards the roof.[2]
Manycity blocks inBarcelona,Valencia and various other cities inSpain, as well asTaichung, and street corners (curbs) inPonce, Puerto Rico, are chamfered. The chamfering was designed as an embellishment and a modernization of urban space in Barcelona's mid-19th centuryEixample or Expansion District, where the buildings follow the chamfering of the sidewalks and streets. This pioneering design opens up broader perspectives, provides pleasant pedestrian areas and allows for greater visibility while turning. It might also be considered to allow for turning to be somewhat more comfortable as, supposedly, drivers would not need to slow down as much when making a turn as they would have to if the corner were a square 90 degrees,[citation needed] though in Barcelona, most chamfered corners are used as parking spaces or loading-unloading zones, leaving the traffic to run as in normal 90-degree street corners.
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Chamfers are frequently used to facilitate assembly of parts which are designed forinterference fit or to aid assembly for parts inserted by hand. Resilient materials such as fluid power seals generally require a shallower angle than 45 degrees, often 20. In assemblies, chamfers are also used to clear an interiorradius - perhaps from a cutting tool, or to clear other features, such as aweld bead, on an adjoining part. This is because it is generally easier to manufacture and much easier to precisely check the dimensions of a chamfer than a radius, and errors in the profile of either radius could otherwise cause interference between the radii before the flat surfaces make contact with one another.Chamfers are also essential for components which humans will handle, to prevent injuries, and also to prevent damage to other components. This is particularly important for hard materials, like most metals, and for heavy assemblies, like press tools.Additionally, a chamfered edge is much more resistant than a square edge to being bruised by other edges or corners knocking against it during assembly or disassembly, or maintenance.
Inmachining a chamfer is a slope cut at any right-angled edge of aworkpiece, e.g. holes; the ends of rods, bolts, and pins; the corners of the long-edges of plates; any other place where two surfaces meet at a sharp angle. Chamfering eases assembly, e.g. the insertion of bolts into holes, or nuts. Chamfering also removes sharp edges which reduces significantly the possibility of cuts, and injuries, to people handling the metal piece. It also minimizes the introduction of rust, by eliminating the area where a ferrous material is at its thinnest and most vulnerable.
Outside of aesthetics, chamfering is part of the process of hand-crafting a parabolic glass telescope mirror.[3] Before the surface of the disc can be ground, the edges must first be chamfered to prevent edge chipping. This can be accomplished by placing the disc in a metal bowl containingsilicon carbide and rotating the disc with a rocking motion. The grit will thus wear off the sharp edge of the glass.[citation needed]
The dictionary definition ofchamfer at Wiktionary
