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Chamber of Deputies Cámara de Diputados | |
|---|---|
| LXVI Legislature | |
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
Term limits | Up to four consecutive terms; no limit to non-consecutive terms |
| History | |
| Founded | 4 October 1824 (1824-10-04) |
| Leadership | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 500 |
 | |
Political groups | Government (365)
Opposition (135) |
Length of term | 3 years |
| Elections | |
| Parallel voting 300 seats elected byfirst-past-the-post 200 seats elected by proportional representation (largest remainder method)[1] | |
Last election | 2 June 2024 (2024-06-02) |
Next election | 6 June 2027 (2027-06-06) |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| Chamber of Deputies San Lázaro Legislative Building Mexico City Mexico | |
| Website | |
| web.diputados.gob.mx | |
| Footnotes | |
| Deputies information | |
TheChamber of Deputies (Spanish:Cámara de Diputados,pronounced[ˈkamaɾaðeðipuˈtaðos]), constitutionally theChamber of Deputies of the Honorable Congress of the Union (Spanish:Cámara de Diputados del H. Congreso de la Unión), is the lower house of theCongress of the Union, thebicameralparliament ofMexico. The other chamber is theSenate. The structure and responsibilities of both chambers of Congress are defined in Articles 50 to 70 of theConstitution.
A bicameral legislature, including the Chamber of Deputies, was established on 4 October 1824. A unicameral congress existed from 7 September 1857 to 13 November 1874.[2]
Article 55 of the Mexican Constitution establishes the requirements to serve as a deputy.[3] To be eligible, a candidate must:
The article also imposes restrictions on public officials seeking election:
The Chamber of Deputies comprises one federal deputy (in Spanish:diputado federal) for approximately every 250,000 citizens. The Chamber has 500 members, elected using theparallel voting system.
Of the 500 deputies, 300 are elected byplurality fromsingle-member districts, known asfederal electoral districts, with eachstate having at least two districts, as stipulated in Articles 52 and 53 of the Constitution.[4][5] The remaining 200 deputies are assigned throughproportional representation across five multi-state, 40-seatelectoral regions (circunscripciones), in accordance with Articles 53 and 54.[5][6] These seats, not tied to specific districts, are distributed to parties based on their share of the vote within each electoral region, serving as a counterbalance to district-based representation. Deputies are elected alongside substitutes, known as alternates, makingspecial elections rare.
Article 59 of the Mexican Constitution allows deputies to be reelected for up to three consecutive terms, but only for the party under which they were originally elected—unless they resign from the party before the midpoint of their term.[7] From 1917 to 2015, a constitutional ban on immediate reelection required a complete renewal of the Chamber of Deputies at each election, making it one of the few legislative bodies in the world subject to complete renewal at each election.
Elections are held every three years. Congressional elections held midway through asix-year presidential term are referred to as midterm elections.
Deputies serve three-year terms, beginning on 1 September following an election, with swearing-in typically occurring two to three days prior. Before 1933, terms lasted two years.
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The Board of Directors oversees the sessions of the Chamber of Deputies, ensuring that debates, discussions, and votes comply with the Constitution and the law. It is elected during the constitutive session on August 29, three days before the start of the legislative term following an election. The Board consists of a President, four Vice Presidents, and seven Secretaries. ThePresident of the Chamber of Deputies serves as the Chamber's highest authority and official representative, also assuming the role of President of the Congress of the Union during joint-sessions of the General Congress.[8]
According to Article 17 of the Organic Law of the General Congress of the United Mexican States, each member of the Board is elected for a one-year term with the possibility of reelection. The Board is elected by a two-thirds majority, with candidates nominated by each parliamentary group.[9]
The Political Coordination Board (JUCOPO) is the governing body responsible for facilitating political dialogue, negotiations, and consensus-building within the Chamber of Deputies, in accordance with Article 34 of the Organic Law of the General Congress of the United Mexican States. It promotes agreements among parliamentary groups to streamline the legislative process, oversees political debates, formulates the legislative agenda, and negotiates proposals and initiatives. Additionally, it manages the Chamber’s budget, allocates resources to parliamentary groups, proposes the composition of committees, and participates in the appointment process for autonomous bodies.[10]
Article 31 states that the JUCOPO consists of the coordinators of each parliamentary group. The presidency is held for the full three-year term by the coordinator of the party with an absolute majority; if no party holds an absolute majority, the position rotates annually among the coordinators of the three largest parliamentary groups.[11]
Article 27 of the Organic Law of the General Congress of the United Mexican States states that a parliamentary group consists of deputies organized according to their party affiliation. Each group must have at least five members, and only one group can exist pernational political party with representation in the Chamber of Deputies. Each parliamentary group is led by a coordinator.[12]
This chart shows the historical composition of the Chamber of Deputies, from the 50th Congress to the present day.
Chamber of Deputies, 1976 to present | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The current composition of the Chamber of Deputies:
| 49 | 253 | 62 | 27 | 37 | 71 | 1 |
| Party | Single-member districts | Proportional representation | Total seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Regeneration Movement | 176 | 77 | 253 | |
| National Action Party | 31 | 39 | 70 | |
| Ecologist Green Party of Mexico | 44 | 18 | 62 | |
| Labor Party | 36 | 13 | 49 | |
| Institutional Revolutionary Party | 11 | 26 | 37 | |
| Citizens' Movement | 1 | 27 | 28 | |
| Independent | 1 | – | 1 | |
| Total | 300 | 200 | 500 | |
| International | |
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| National | |
19°25′48″N99°07′04″W / 19.43000°N 99.11778°W /19.43000; -99.11778
