Chalconoids (Greek:χαλκόςkhalkós, "copper", due to its color), also known aschalcones, are naturalphenols derived fromchalcone. They form the central core for a variety of important biological compounds.
They showantibacterial,antifungal,antitumor andanti-inflammatory properties. Some chalconoids demonstrated the ability to block voltage-dependent potassium channels.[1] Chalcones are also naturalaromatase inhibitors.[2]
Chalcones are aromatic ketones with two phenyl rings that are also intermediates in the synthesis of many biological compounds. The closure of hydroxy chalcones causes theformation of the flavonoid structure.[3] Flavonoids are substances in theplant's secondary metabolism with an array of biological activities.
Chalconoids are also intermediating in theAuwers synthesis of flavones.
The formation ofdihydrochalcones removes theconjugation between the two ring systems (via theketone) when the double bond is abolished. This causes the visible color of the chalcones to disappear in their dihydrochalcone derivatives.[4]
Chalcone synthase is an enzyme responsible for the production of chalconoids in plants.Chalcone isomerase is responsible for their conversion into flavanones and other flavonoids.Naringenin-chalcone synthase usesmalonyl-CoA and4-coumaroyl-CoA to produceCoA,naringenin chalcone, and CO2. Inaurones, the chalcone-like structure closes into a 5-atom ring instead of the more typical 6-atom ring (C ring).
Chalconoids and theirglycosides | |
|---|---|
| Chalconoids | |
| Chalconoidglycosides | |
| Acylated chalconoids |
|
| O-methylated chalconoids |
|
| Flavokavains | |
| Synthetic | |
