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| Awakatek | |
|---|---|
| Aguacatec, Coyotin | |
| Qa'yol | |
| Native to | Guatemala |
| Region | Huehuetenango |
| Ethnicity | 12,500Awakatek (2019 census) |
Native speakers | 10,100 in Guatemala (2019 census)[1] 20 in Mexico (2020 census)[2] |
Mayan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Regulated by | Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | agu |
| Glottolog | agua1252 |
| ELP | Awakateko |
Awakatek (also known as Aguateco, Awaketec, Coyotin,[3] and Balamiha, and natively as Qa'yol) is aMayan language spoken inGuatemala, primarily inHuehuetenango and aroundAguacatán.[4][5] The language only has fewer than 10,000 speakers, and is considered vulnerable by UNESCO. In addition, the language inMexico is at high risk of endangerment, with fewer than 2,000 speakers in the state of Campeche in 2010[6] (although the number of speakers was unknown as of 2000[7][8]).
Awakatek is closely related toIxil and the two languages together form the sub-branch Ixilean, which together with the Mamean languages,Mam andTektitek, form a sub-branch Greater-Mamean, which again, together with the Greater-Quichean languages, ten Mayan languages, includingKʼicheʼ, form the branch Quichean–Mamean.
Otto Stoll identified two separate "Awakatek" languages spoken in the same area; the first being the Mayan language, and the second being a poorly known language which has been classified as part of theMixe-Zoque family.[9]
| Chalchitek | |
|---|---|
| Chalchitec | |
| Native to | Guatemala |
| Region | Huehuetenango |
Mayan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | None |
| ELP | Awakateko |
Chalchitek (or Chalchitec) is sometimes considered a dialect of Awakatek. In recent years, however, it has been recognized as a distinct language by the Guatemalan government.[10] Chalchitek is primarily spoken in the Chalchitán neighborhood ofAguacatán.
TheAwakatek people themselves refer to their language asqaʼyol, literally meaning 'our word'. They also call themselvesqatanum, which means 'our people' and is distinct from the wordAwakatec, which is used in Spanish in reference to the municipality of Aguacatán (which meansplace of abundant avocados and refers to agricultural production and not specifically to the indigenous people).[11][12][13]
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | i/i/ | ii/iː/ | u/u/ | uu/uː/ | ||
| Mid | e/e/ | ee/eː/ | o/o/ | oo/oː/ | ||
| Open | a/a/ | aa/aː/ | ||||
There are four diphthongs:ay/aj/,ey/ej/,oy/oj/,uy/uj/.
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Palatalized | ||||||||||
| Plosive | Normal | p/p/ | t/t/ | k/k/ | ky/kʲ/ | q/q/ | '/ʔ/ | ||||
| Ejective | tʼ/tʼ/ | kʼ/kʼ/ | kyʼ/kʼʲ/ | qʼ/qʼ/ | |||||||
| Implosive | bʼ/ɓ/ | ||||||||||
| Nasal | m/m/ | n/n/ | |||||||||
| Fricative | s/s/ | xh/ʃ/ | x/ʂ/ | j/h/ | |||||||
| Affricate | Normal | tz/t͡s/ | ch/t͡ʃ/ | tx/ʈ͡ʂ/ | |||||||
| Ejective | tzʼ/t͡sʼ/ | chʼ/t͡ʃʼ/ | txʼ/ʈ͡ʂʼ/ | ||||||||
| Trill | r/r/ | ||||||||||
| Approximant | l/l/ | y/j/ | w/w/ | ||||||||
Thecoronal ejectives may be allophonicallypre-voiced.[14]
| English | Aguacateco |
|---|---|
| One | Juun |
| Two | Kob' |
| Three | Ox |
| Four | Kyaaj |
| Five | O' |
| Six | Qaq |
| Seven | Juug |
| Eight | Wajwax |
| Nine | B'eluj |
| Ten | Lajuj |
| Man | Yaaj |
| Woman | Xna'n |
| Dog | Tx'i' |
| Sun | Q'eej |
| Moon | Xaaw |
| Water | A' |
| Mother | Ntxuu' |
| Father | Ntaaj |
| House | Ka'l |
| Black | Q'eq |
| White | Saq |
| Corn | Ixi'n |
| Fish | Kay |
| Dog | Xhwiit |
| Deer | Cheej |
| Jaguar | B'alam |
| Monkey | Aq' |
| Rabbit | Umul |
| Mouse | Ichi |
| Bird | Ch'ut |
| Fish | Kay |
| Snake | Lupa |
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