TheChūbu region (中部地方,Chūbu-chihō),Central region, orCentral Japan (中部日本,Chūbu-nihon) is a large and diverse region in the middle ofHonshū,Japan's main island. In a wide, classical definition, it encompasses nine prefectures (ken):Aichi,Fukui,Gifu,Ishikawa,Nagano,Niigata,Shizuoka,Toyama, andYamanashi.[2]
The region is the widest part of Honshū and the central part is characterized by high, rugged mountains. TheJapanese Alps divide the country into thePacific side, sunny in winter, and theSea of Japan side, snowy in winter.
AlthoughMie is part of Kinki/Kansai/Western Japan in traditional geographical regional divisions, Northern Mie is part of the metropolitan area around Nagoya, and Mie is in many practical contexts considered to be part of Tōkai/Chūbu/Central Japan. Including Mie, Chūbu had a population of 23,010,276 as of 1 June 2019.
In theMLIT of the central government, the jurisdiction of the Chūbu regional development bureau (中部地方整備局,Chūbu-chihō seibi-kyoku;(ja)) extends to five prefectures: Gifu, Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie and the Southern part of Nagano.[3]
In theNational Police Agency, the Chūbu Regional Police Bureau (中部管区警察局,Chūbu kanku keisatsu-kyoku;(ja)) is responsible for six prefectural police forces: Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Gifu, Aichi and Mie.[4]
In local government, the Chūbu area governors' association (中部圏知事会,Chūbuken chijikai) unites the governors of Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Nagano, Gifu, Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie and Shiga and the mayor of Nagoya City in Aichi.[5]
Located in the center of theJapanese archipelago. It refers to the area between theKanto,Tohoku andKansai regions. It began to be used in the lateMeiji era as a tentative name for unclassified areas. In a broad sense, it often refers to the eight regional divisions and similar ranges. In a narrow sense it may refer to a range similar to theTōkai region.
The terrain is mainly rugged and mountainous except for theNōbi Plain and coastal areas. The steepJapanese Alps rise in the central area. It is located betweenTokyo andOsaka, which are the east–west centers of the Japanese economy and culture. Thus the Chubu region has various differences between the eastern side and the western side.
The Chūbu region covers a large and geographically diverse area ofHonshū which leads to it generally being divided into three distinct subregions: Tōkai, Kōshin'etsu, and Hokuriku. There is also another subregion occasionally referred to in business circles calledChūkyō.
The Tōkai region, mostly bordering thePacific Ocean, is a narrow corridor interrupted in places by mountains that descend into the sea.
Since theTokugawa period (1600–1867), this corridor has been critical in linking Tokyo, Kyoto, and Osaka. One of old Japan's most important ancient roadways, theTōkaidō, ran through it connecting Tokyo (at that time calledEdo) and Kyoto, the old imperial capital. In the twentieth century, it became the route for new super-express highways and high-speed railroad lines (shinkansen). The area consists ofAichi,Mie,Shizuoka, and southernGifu prefectures.
A number of small alluvial plains are found in the corridor section. A mild climate, favorable location relatively close to the great metropolitan complexes, and availability of fast transportation have made this area a center for truck-gardening and out-of-season vegetables. Upland areas of rolling hills are extensively given over to the growing of mandarin oranges and tea. Nagoya, which facesIse Bay, is a center forheavy industry, including iron and steel and machinery manufacturing. The corridor also has a number of small but important industrial centers. The western part of Tōkai includes the Nōbi Plain, where rice was being grown by the seventh century.
The three Tōkai prefectures centered onNagoya (Aichi, Gifu, and Mie) have particularly strong economic ties, and the parts of these prefectures that are closest to the city comprise theChūkyō Metropolitan Area. This area boasts the third strongest economy in Japan and this influence can sometimes extend into the more remote parts of these prefectures that are farther away from Nagoya. Thus, these three prefectures are sometimes called the "Chūkyō region" in a business sense. This name does not see widespread usage throughout Japan; however, as the economy in the area strengthens, this name may become more well-known country-wide.
Kōshin'etsu is an area of complex and high rugged mountains—often called the "roof of Japan"—that include theJapanese Alps. The population is chiefly concentrated in six elevated basins connected by narrow valleys. It was long a main silk-producing area, although output declined afterWorld War II. Much of the labor formerly required in silk production was absorbed by the district's diversified manufacturing industry, which included precision instruments, machinery, textiles, food processing, and other light manufacturing. Kōshin'etsu meansYamanashi,Nagano, andNiigata prefectures; Niigata is also included to the Hokuriku region. Yamanashi, Nagano and northernGifu Prefecture are sometimes referred to asChūō-kōchi orTōsan region.
The Hokuriku region lies on theSea of Japan coastline, northwest of the massive mountains that comprise Kōshin'etsu. Hokuriku includes the four prefectures ofIshikawa,Fukui, most ofNiigata andToyama,[6]
The district has very heavy snowfall (sometimes enough to block major roads) and strong winds in winter, and its turbulent rivers are the source of abundanthydroelectric power.Niigata Prefecture is the site of domestic gas and oil production as well. Industrial development is extensive, especially in the cities in Niigata andToyama;Fukui andIshikawa prefectures also have large manufacturing industries.
Historically, Hokuriku's development is owed to markets in theKansai region, however recently the urban areas at the heart of theKantō region andTōkai region are having a heavy an influence as well. Hokuriku has port facilities which are mainly to facilitate trade with Russia, Korea and China. Transportation between Niigata and Toyama used to be geographically limited and so Niigata has seen especially strong influence from the Kantō region, because of this Niigata Prefecture is often classified as being part of theKōshin'etsu region with Nagano and Yamanashi Prefectures.
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