In the United States, acertificate of ascertainment is an official document that identifies astate's appointedelectors forU.S. President andVice President, and the final vote count for each candidate that received popular votes.[1]
The certificates must bear thestate seal and the governor's signature. Each state is free to choose the appearance and layout of the certificate. Staff from theOffice of the Federal Register ensure that each certificate contains all legally required information.[13] States are required to produce either seven original certificates with twocertified copies, or nine original certificates; of these, one original and either two more originals or two copies, are sent to the Archivist viaregistered mail or a commercial carrier. Both theHouse and theSenate receive one of the copies.[13]
When each state's electors meet to vote (on the first Monday after the second Wednesday of December),[3] they sign and record their vote on six "certificates of the vote",[9][11] which are then paired with the six remaining certificates of ascertainment. One pair of certificates is sent to thepresident of the Senate; two pairs are sent to the Archivist; two pairs are sent via registered mail to the state'ssecretary of state; and one pair is sent to the chief judge of the closestUnited States district court.[14][15] One of each of the two pairs sent to the Archivist and the secretary of state are designated for public inspection, while the others (and the chief judge's copy) are "held subject to the order of the President of the United States Senate".[13] The Archivist must receive the certificates by the fourth Wednesday in December,[11] and may take "extraordinary measures to retrieve duplicate originals" otherwise.[13]
The Vice President, as President of the Senate, opens the certificates in alphabetical order by state during ajoint session of Congress in the House chamber on January6 and gives them to one of four "tellers" (two from the House and two from the Senate), who tally the vote while seated at the clerks' desks.[15][16]
