TheCentral Russian Upland (also:Middle Russian Upland (Russian:Среднерусская возвышенность,romanized: Srednerusskaya vozvyshennost') andEast European Upland) is anupland area of theEast European Plain and is an undulating plateau with an average elevation of 230–250 m (750–820 ft). Its highest peak is measured at 293 m (961 ft). The southeastern portion of the upland known as theKalach Upland [ru]. The Central Upland is built ofPrecambrian deposits of the crystallineVoronezh Massif.
It spans approximately 180,000 miles² (480,000 km2) in central and southernEuropean Russia northeast ofUkraine,[1] extending from theOka river to theDonets river. The upland stretches across a number of regions inUkraine and the European portion of theRussian Federation. Its north and northwest borders are considered to be theOka River and an imaginary lineKaluga-Ryazan. To the southeast towards theDonets River, the upland changes into theDonets Lowland. To the east its natural border is defined by theOka–Don Lowland and to the west there is theDnieper Lowland. Most of the upland lies within the borders ofRussia, hence its name.
TheKostroma river and the city of the same name suggest that the area inCentral Russia is an important reference point for the original home of theSlavic tribes. The river and city bear the same name as the Slavic goddessKostroma.
TheVoronezh Massif is part of theEast European Craton and southwesterly descends towards theDnieper-Donets Through (Depression) which along withPrypiat Through forms thePrypiat-Dniper-Donets aulacogen. Most of the Voronezh Massif is covered with thin layers ofsedimentary deposits of theDevonian,Jurassic,Cretaceous, andPaleogene periods. In the southeast along theDon River between the cities ofBoguchar andPavlovsk (both inVoronezh Oblast) the crystalline layers come to the surface. On all sides of the upland thePrecambrian deposits descend far below the sedimentary layers. A small part of the upland in the northwest was covered with a glacier during theWolstonian Stage. Today almost all of the upland is covered withloess and loessialloams.
52°36′N36°48′E / 52.600°N 36.800°E /52.600; 36.800
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