The practice of conducting a periodiccensus began inEgypt in the second millennium BC, where it was used for tax gathering and to determine fitness for military services.

The earliest Egyptian census was thecattle count, which counted not people but livestock (especially but not exclusively cows) for taxation purposes. During the earlyOld Kingdom it was taken every two years; the frequency increased over time. Human censuses in Egypt first appeared in the lateMiddle Kingdom and develops in theNew Kingdom.^[1]Herodotus wrote thatAhmose I, first monarch of the New Kingdom, required every Egyptian to declare annually to thenomarch, "whence he gained his living".^[2] Under thePtolemies and theRomans several censuses were conducted in Egypt by government officials.^[3]

Roman censuses in Egypt estimated the population at 4.5 million inhabitants in the year 14 AD and 5 million in 164 AD.

A census also took place in the era ofHesham Abdel Malek ben Marwan in the year 600 AD including the number of people, their ages and residences.^{[citation needed]}

In 1798, Egypt's population was estimated at 3 million whenNapoleon invaded the country.^{[citation needed]}

After preliminary enumerations in some urban areas and villages the first countrywide census was carried out in 1848.^[4][5] A modern analysis of the 1848 census records, which attempts to adjust for various discrepancies in the data, concluded that Egypt's population was 4.476 million people back then.^[6] The 1848 census is said to be the first in a non-Western country to include demographic, social, and economic data on practically all individuals including females, children, and slaves. Digitization of the 1848 and 1868 census records is underway based on documents in theNational Archives of Egypt.^[7]

During the last 135 years, Egypt has carried out around 14 official population censuses: the first was in 1882 and the most recent in 2017.

Official population censuses in Egypt since 1882[8]
No.	Year	Population	Census	Carried out during	Image
1	1882	6,806,381	1882 Egyptian Census	Reign of the Khedive Tewfik Pasha (1879-1892)
2	1897	9,734,405	1897 Egyptian Census	Reign of the Khedive Abbas II Helmy (1892-1914)
3	1907	11,189,978	1907 Egyptian Census	Reign of the Khedive Abbas II Helmy (1892-1914)
4	1917	12,716,255	1917 Egyptian Census	Reign of Sultan Fuad I (1917-1936)
5	1927	14,177,864	1927 Egyptian Census	Reign of Sultan Fuad I (1917-1936)
6	1937	15,921,000	1937 Egyptian Census	Reign of Sultan Farouk I (1936-1952)
7	1947	18,967,000	1947 Egyptian Census	Reign of Sultan Farouk I (1936-1952)
8	1960	26,085,000	1960 Egyptian Census	Government of President Gamal Abdel Nasser (1954-1970)
9	1966	30,076,000	1966 Egyptian Census	Government of President Gamal Abdel Nasser (1954-1970)
10	1976	36,626,000	1976 Egyptian Census	Government of President Anwar El-Sadat (1970-1981)
11	1986	48,205,049	1986 Egyptian Census	Government of President Hosni Mubarak (1981-2011)
12	1996	59,276,672	1996 Egyptian Census	Government of President Hosni Mubarak (1981-2011)
13	2006	72,798,031	2006 Egyptian Census	Government of President Hosni Mubarak (1981-2011)
14	2017	94,798,827	2017 Egyptian Census	Government of Marshal Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (2014-Present)
-	2022	103,011,914	EstimatesCAPMAS[9]

• 1882 —The first census in Egypt had been carried out. The total population was 6.7 million.

• According to the 1947 census, Egypt's population had reached 19 million inhabitants.^[12]

• A census in 1976 revealed that the population had risen to 36.6 million.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1986, a census indicated that the population of Egypt reached a total of 50.4 million, including about 2.3 million Egyptians working in other countries.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1996, the census found a population of 59.3 million.^{[citation needed]}
• In 2006, the thirteenth census in the Egyptian census series revealed that the Egypt's population hit 76.5 million inside and outside the country.^{[citation needed]}
• A new census was done in 2017. Census day was 18 April 2017 and Egypt's population on that date was estimated to be 94,798,827.^[13]

At current pace, Egypt's population is expected to reach 160 million by 2050. However, if the current rate of reproduction diminishes, the population may be limited to 120 million by 2050. Egypt already has one of the highestreal population densities in the world.^[14]

• Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics
• Demographics of Egypt
• Population history of Egypt
• Population and housing censuses by country

General

• https://web.archive.org/web/20070930225811/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001038.htm
• https://web.archive.org/web/20070928001729/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001446.htm
• http://countrystudies.us/egypt/55.htm
• https://web.archive.org/web/20070930230227/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Pub/yearbook/yearbook2006/110104000000000001.htm
• http://www.citypopulation.de/Egypt.html
• http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/papyrus/records/971r.html
• CAPMAS website

Specific

• Population Distribution by Sex^{[permanent dead link]}
• Average Size of Household and Sex Ratio^{[permanent dead link]}
• Population Distribution by Educational Status^{[permanent dead link]}
• Population Distribution by Age Groups^{[permanent dead link]}
• Population Distribution by Marital Status^{[permanent dead link]}
• No of Households & % of their Connection to Public Utilities^{[permanent dead link]}
• 2006 Census Analysis Series^{[permanent dead link]}

• Demographics of Egypt
• Censuses by country

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