| Cenderawasih Bay | |
|---|---|
| Nuclear Cenderawasih Bay, West New Guinea | |
| Geographic distribution | Cenderawasih Bay,Western New Guinea,Indonesia |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian |
| Proto-language | Proto-Cenderawasih Bay |
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | cend1238 |
TheCenderawasih languages, also known asNuclear Cenderawasih Bay languages and approximately synonymous withWest New Guinea languages, are a branch ofAustronesian languages of Indonesia, found in the islands and shoreline ofCenderawasih Bay in the provinces ofWest Papua,Central Papua andPapua.
Most of the languages are only known from short word lists, butBiak,Wamesa, andWooi are fairly well attested.
Reconstructions of subject markers and inalienable possessive markers for Cenderawasih Bay proto-languages according to Kamholz (2015). Note that V = vocalic conjugation, C = consonantal conjugation:
Proto-Cenderawasih Bay:
| 1sg. | *y- (V),*ya- (C) | 1pl. | *t- (incl.),*am- (excl.) |
| 2sg. | *aw- (V),*-u- (C) | 2pl. | *m- |
| 3sg. | *dy- (V),*-i- (C) | 3pl. | *si- |
| 1sg. | *-ku? | 1pl. | *ta-? (incl.),*-mi? (excl.) |
| 2sg. | *-mu | 2pl. | *-mu? |
| 3sg. | *-∅? | 3pl. | *si- |
Proto-Biakic:
| 1sg. | *y- (V),*ya- (C) | 1pl. | *t-,*to- (incl.),*nd-,*ndo- (excl.) |
| 2sg. | *w- (V),*wa-,*-w- (C) | 2pl. | *mt-,*mto- |
| 3sg. | *d- (V),*i-,*-y- (C) | 3pl. | *s-,*si- (anim.),*n-,*na- (inanim.) |
| 1sg. | *-na,*-ri | 1pl. | *to-...-sna (incl.),*nto-...-sna (excl.) |
| 2sg. | *-mi,*-mri | 2pl. | *mto-...-sna |
| 3sg. | *-na,*-ri | 3pl. | *si-...-sna |
Proto-Southwest Cenderawasih Bay:
| 1sg. | *j-?,*i- (C) | 1pl. | *t- (incl.),*am- (excl.) |
| 2sg. | *aw- (V),*a-u- (C) | 2pl. | *am-u- |
| 3sg. | *dy- (V),*i-i- (C) | 3pl. | *ih-i- |
| 1sg. | ? | 1pl. | *t-? (incl.),*-mi? (excl.) |
| 2sg. | ? | 2pl. | *-mu? |
| 3sg. | ? | 3pl. | *si- |
Proto-Yaur-Yerisiam:
| 1sg. | *j- (V),*i- (C) | 1pl. | *k- (incl.),*m- (excl.) |
| 2sg. | *agw- (V),*a-u- (C) | 2pl. | *am-u- |
| 3sg. | *dy- (V),*i-i- (C) | 3pl. | *ih-i- |
| 1sg. | ? | 1pl. | *k- (incl.),*m- (excl.) |
| 2sg. | *a- | 2pl. | *am-? |
| 3sg. | ? | 3pl. | *h- |
From Kamholz (2024):
Proto-Biakic, the ancestor of the Biakic languages, was reconstructed by Rich (2020).