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Caswell Air Force Station | |
|---|---|
| Part ofAir Defense Command (ADC) | |
| Site information | |
| Type | Air Force Station |
| Code | ADC ID: P-80 NORAD ID: Z-80 |
| Controlled by |  United States Air Force |
| Location | |
  Caswell AFS Location of Caswell AFS, Maine | |
| Coordinates | 46°58′15″N067°50′04″W / 46.97083°N 67.83444°W /46.97083; -67.83444 (Caswell AFS P-80) |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1952 |
| In use | 1952–1980 |
| Garrison information | |
| Garrison | 766th Aircraft Control and Warning (later Radar) Squadron |
Caswell Air Force Station is a closedUnited States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 4.3 miles (6.9 km) north ofLimestone, Maine. It was closed in 1980.
Caswell was one of twenty-eight stations built as part of the second segment of the permanentAir Defense Command network. Prompted by the start of theKorean War, on 11 July 1950, the Secretary of the Air Force asked the Secretary of Defense for approval to expedite construction of the second segment of the permanent network. Receiving the Defense Secretary's approval on 21 July, the Air Force directed the Corps of Engineers to proceed with construction.
Because of difficulties with new production radar equipment, the site initially consisted of a pair ofAN/FPS-10 radars from a closing Lashup site atLimestone AFB, Maine (L-50) to expedite operational status. During 1951 the 766th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron was moved from the temporary site at Limestone AFB to Caswell and assumed coverage, and initially the station functioned as a Ground-Control Intercept (GCI) and warning station. As a GCI station, the squadron's role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit's radar scopes. Thus Caswell received the "LP-80" designation.
In 1955 and 1956 anAN/FPS-8/UGPS-3 was installed. TheAN/GPS-3 remained in service until 1961. In 1957 and 1958 theAN/FPS-10s were phased out and twoAN/FPS-6As arrived. During 1959 Caswell AFS joined theSemi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-05 atTopsham AFS, Maine. After joining, the squadron was redesignated as the 766th Radar Squadron (SAGE) on 1 October 1959. The radar squadron provided information 24/7 to the SAGE Direction Center where it was analyzed to determine range, direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile.
In 1961 an electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) capableAN/FPS-7C began search duties. An AN/FPS-26 height finder radar began operation as well. On 31 July 1963, the site was redesignated as NORAD IDZ-80. The facility came underTactical Air Command jurisdiction in 1979 with the inactivation of Aerospace Defense Command and the activation ofADTAC.
In addition to the main facility, Caswell operated this unmannedAN/FPS-18 Gap Filler site:
Over the years, the equipment at the station was upgraded or modified to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the information gathered by the radars. The 766th Radar Squadron was inactivated on 30 September 1980.
With its closure, Caswell Air Force Station became aMaine National Guard training site. Many USAF buildings are still in use, although some are in deteriorating condition. The FPS-7 and FPS-6 towers still stand along with other operational buildings. The Bridgewater Gap Filler site doubled as a fire-lookout tower. Both the building and radar tower remain today.
This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
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